#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static const int MOD = 1000000007; using ll = int64_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using namespace std; template constexpr T INF = ::numeric_limits::max()/32*15+208; template struct modint{ T val; modint(): val(0){} explicit modint(int v): val(v) {} explicit modint(ll t){val = t%M; if(val < 0) val += M;} modint pow(ll k){ modint res(1), x(val); while(k){ if(k&1) res *= x; x *= x; k >>= 1; } return res; } modint& operator=(int a){return (*this) = modint(a);} modint inv() {return pow(M-2);} modint& operator+=(modint a){ val += a.val; if(val >= M) val -= M; return *this;} modint& operator-=(modint a){ val += M-a.val; if(val >= M) val -= M; return *this;} modint& operator*=(modint a){ val = 1LL*val*a.val%M; return *this;} modint& operator/=(modint a){ return (*this) *= a.inv();} modint operator+(modint a) const {return modint(val) +=a;} modint operator-(modint a) const {return modint(val) -=a;} modint operator*(modint a) const {return modint(val) *=a;} modint operator/(modint a) const {return modint(val) /=a;} modint operator-(){return val ? M-val : val;} bool operator==(const modint a) const {return val == a.val;} bool operator!=(const modint a) const {return val != a.val;} bool operator<(const modint a) const {return val < a.val;} }; #include template struct matrix { vector> A; matrix() = default; matrix(size_t n, size_t m) : A(n, vector(m)) {} explicit matrix(size_t n) : A(n, vector (n)) {}; size_t height() const { return (A.size()); } size_t width() const { return (A[0].size()); } const vector &operator [] (int k) const { return A.at(k); } vector &operator[] (int k) { return A.at(k); } static matrix I(size_t n){ matrix mat(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) mat[i][i] = 1; return mat; } matrix &operator+= (const matrix &B){ size_t h = height(), w = width(); assert(h == B.height() && w == B.width()); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) { (*this)[i][j] += B[i][j]; } } } matrix &operator-= (const matrix &B){ size_t h = height(), w = width(); assert(h == B.height() && w == B.width()); for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) { (*this)[i][j] -= B[i][j]; } } } matrix &operator*=(const matrix &B) { size_t n = height(), m = B.width(), p = width(); assert(p == B.height()); matrix C (n, m); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { for (int k = 0; k < p; ++k) { C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + (*this)[i][k] * B[k][j]); } } } A.swap(C.A); return (*this); } template matrix &operator%= (const U &m){ for (int i = 0; i < height(); ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < width(); ++j) { (*this)[i][j] %= m; } } } matrix pow(ll n) const { matrix a = (*this), res = I(height()); while(n > 0){ if(n & 1) res *= a; a *= a; n >>= 1; } return res; } matrix operator+(const matrix &A) const {return matrix(*this) += A;} matrix operator-(const matrix &A) const {return matrix(*this) -= A;} matrix operator*(const matrix &A) const {return matrix(*this) *= A;} template matrix operator%(const U &m) const {return matrix(*this) %= m;} }; int main() { int n; cin >> n; matrix> v(3); v[0][1] = 1, v[1][0] = 1, v[1][2] = 1, v[2][0] = 1; auto v2 = v.pow(n-1); cout << (v2[0][0] + v2[1][0] + v2[2][0]).val << "\n"; return 0; }