#line 1 "other/a.cc"
// #undef _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
// #define NDEBUG
#include <bits/extc++.h>

#line 2 "Library/lib/alias"

/**
 * @file alias
 * @brief Alias
 */

#line 13 "Library/lib/alias"

#line 1 "Library/lib/bit"
#if __cplusplus > 201703L

#include <bit>

#else

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_BIT
#define _GLIBCXX_BIT 1

#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>

namespace std {

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __rotl(_Tp __x, int __s) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  const int __r = __s % _Nd;
  if (__r == 0)
    return __x;
  else if (__r > 0)
    return (__x << __r) | (__x >> ((_Nd - __r) % _Nd));
  else
    return (__x >> -__r) | (__x << ((_Nd + __r) % _Nd));  // rotr(x, -r)
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __rotr(_Tp __x, int __s) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  const int __r = __s % _Nd;
  if (__r == 0)
    return __x;
  else if (__r > 0)
    return (__x >> __r) | (__x << ((_Nd - __r) % _Nd));
  else
    return (__x << -__r) | (__x >> ((_Nd + __r) % _Nd));  // rotl(x, -r)
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr int __countl_zero(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;

  if (__x == 0) return _Nd;

  constexpr auto _Nd_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_ul = numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_u = numeric_limits<unsigned>::digits;

  if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_u) {
    constexpr int __diff = _Nd_u - _Nd;
    return __builtin_clz(__x) - __diff;
  } else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ul) {
    constexpr int __diff = _Nd_ul - _Nd;
    return __builtin_clzl(__x) - __diff;
  } else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ull) {
    constexpr int __diff = _Nd_ull - _Nd;
    return __builtin_clzll(__x) - __diff;
  } else  // (_Nd > _Nd_ull)
  {
    static_assert(_Nd <= (2 * _Nd_ull),
                  "Maximum supported integer size is 128-bit");

    unsigned long long __high = __x >> _Nd_ull;
    if (__high != 0) {
      constexpr int __diff = (2 * _Nd_ull) - _Nd;
      return __builtin_clzll(__high) - __diff;
    }
    constexpr auto __max_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max();
    unsigned long long __low = __x & __max_ull;
    return (_Nd - _Nd_ull) + __builtin_clzll(__low);
  }
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr int __countl_one(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  if (__x == numeric_limits<_Tp>::max()) return numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  return __countl_zero<_Tp>((_Tp)~__x);
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr int __countr_zero(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;

  if (__x == 0) return _Nd;

  constexpr auto _Nd_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_ul = numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_u = numeric_limits<unsigned>::digits;

  if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_u)
    return __builtin_ctz(__x);
  else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ul)
    return __builtin_ctzl(__x);
  else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ull)
    return __builtin_ctzll(__x);
  else  // (_Nd > _Nd_ull)
  {
    static_assert(_Nd <= (2 * _Nd_ull),
                  "Maximum supported integer size is 128-bit");

    constexpr auto __max_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max();
    unsigned long long __low = __x & __max_ull;
    if (__low != 0) return __builtin_ctzll(__low);
    unsigned long long __high = __x >> _Nd_ull;
    return __builtin_ctzll(__high) + _Nd_ull;
  }
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr int __countr_one(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  if (__x == numeric_limits<_Tp>::max()) return numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  return __countr_zero((_Tp)~__x);
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr int __popcount(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;

  if (__x == 0) return 0;

  constexpr auto _Nd_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_ul = numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits;
  constexpr auto _Nd_u = numeric_limits<unsigned>::digits;

  if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_u)
    return __builtin_popcount(__x);
  else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ul)
    return __builtin_popcountl(__x);
  else if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (_Nd <= _Nd_ull)
    return __builtin_popcountll(__x);
  else  // (_Nd > _Nd_ull)
  {
    static_assert(_Nd <= (2 * _Nd_ull),
                  "Maximum supported integer size is 128-bit");

    constexpr auto __max_ull = numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max();
    unsigned long long __low = __x & __max_ull;
    unsigned long long __high = __x >> _Nd_ull;
    return __builtin_popcountll(__low) + __builtin_popcountll(__high);
  }
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr bool __has_single_bit(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  return __popcount(__x) == 1;
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __bit_ceil(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  if (__x == 0 || __x == 1) return 1;
  auto __shift_exponent = _Nd - __countl_zero((_Tp)(__x - 1u));
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BUILTIN_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED
  if (!__builtin_is_constant_evaluated()) {
    __glibcxx_assert(__shift_exponent != numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits);
  }
#endif
  using __promoted_type = decltype(__x << 1);
  if _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR (!is_same<__promoted_type, _Tp>::value) {
    const int __extra_exp = sizeof(__promoted_type) / sizeof(_Tp) / 2;
    __shift_exponent |= (__shift_exponent & _Nd) << __extra_exp;
  }
  return (_Tp)1u << __shift_exponent;
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __bit_floor(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  if (__x == 0) return 0;
  return (_Tp)1u << (_Nd - __countl_zero((_Tp)(__x >> 1)));
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __bit_width(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  constexpr auto _Nd = numeric_limits<_Tp>::digits;
  return _Nd - __countl_zero(__x);
}

}  // namespace std

#endif

#endif
#line 15 "Library/lib/alias"

namespace workspace {

constexpr char eol = '\n';

using namespace std;

using i32 = int_least32_t;
using u32 = uint_least32_t;
using i64 = int_least64_t;
using u64 = uint_least64_t;

#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
using i128 = __int128_t;
using u128 = __uint128_t;
#else
#warning 128bit integer is not available.
#endif

template <class T, class Comp = less<T>>
using priority_queue = std::priority_queue<T, vector<T>, Comp>;

template <class T> using stack = std::stack<T, vector<T>>;

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __bsf(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  return std::__countr_zero(__x);
}

template <typename _Tp> constexpr _Tp __bsr(_Tp __x) noexcept {
  return std::__bit_width(__x) - 1;
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 6 "other/a.cc"
// #include "lib/cxx20"
// #include "lib/direct"
// #include "lib/opt"
#line 2 "Library/src/sys/clock.hpp"

/*
 * @fn clock.hpp
 * @brief Clock
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/sys/clock.hpp"

namespace workspace {

using namespace std::chrono;

namespace internal {
// The start time of the program.
const auto start_time{system_clock::now()};
}  // namespace internal

/*
 * @fn elapsed
 * @return elapsed time of the program
 */
int64_t elapsed() {
  const auto end_time{system_clock::now()};
  return duration_cast<milliseconds>(end_time - internal::start_time).count();
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/sys/ejection.hpp"

/**
 * @file ejection.hpp
 * @brief Ejection
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/sys/ejection.hpp"

namespace workspace {

namespace internal {

struct ejection {
  bool exit = 0;
};

}  // namespace internal

/**
 * @brief eject from a try block, throw nullptr
 * @param arg output
 */
template <class Tp> void eject(Tp const &arg) {
  std::cout << arg << "\n";
  throw internal::ejection{};
}

void exit() { throw internal::ejection{true}; }

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/sys/iteration.hpp"

/**
 * @file iteration.hpp
 * @brief Case Iteration
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/sys/iteration.hpp"

#line 11 "Library/src/sys/iteration.hpp"

namespace workspace {

void main();

struct {
  // 1-indexed
  unsigned current{0};
  unsigned total{1};

  void read() { (std::cin >> total).ignore(); }

  int iterate() {
    static bool once = false;
    assert(!once);
    once = true;
    while (current++ < total) {
      try {
        main();
      } catch (internal::ejection const &status) {
        if (status.exit) break;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }
} case_info;

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/cat.hpp"

/**
 * @file cat.hpp
 * @brief Cat
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/utils/cat.hpp"

namespace workspace {

template <class C1, class C2>
constexpr C1 &&cat(C1 &&__c1, C2 const &__c2) noexcept {
  __c1.insert(__c1.end(), std::begin(__c2), std::end(__c2));
  return __c1;
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/chval.hpp"

/*
 * @file chval.hpp
 * @brief Change Less/Greater
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/utils/chval.hpp"

namespace workspace {

/*
 * @fn chle
 * @brief Substitute y for x if comp(y, x) is true.
 * @param x Reference
 * @param y Const reference
 * @param comp Compare function
 * @return Whether or not x is updated
 */
template <class Tp, class Comp = std::less<Tp>>
bool chle(Tp &x, const Tp &y, Comp comp = Comp()) {
  return comp(y, x) ? x = y, true : false;
}

/*
 * @fn chge
 * @brief Substitute y for x if comp(x, y) is true.
 * @param x Reference
 * @param y Const reference
 * @param comp Compare function
 * @return Whether or not x is updated
 */
template <class Tp, class Comp = std::less<Tp>>
bool chge(Tp &x, const Tp &y, Comp comp = Comp()) {
  return comp(x, y) ? x = y, true : false;
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 4 "Library/lib/utils"
// #include "src/utils/fixed_point.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/grid.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/hash.hpp"
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/io/istream.hpp"

/**
 * @file istream.hpp
 * @brief Input Stream
 */

#include <cxxabi.h>

#line 13 "Library/src/utils/io/istream.hpp"

#line 2 "Library/src/utils/sfinae.hpp"

/**
 * @file sfinae.hpp
 * @brief SFINAE
 */

#line 10 "Library/src/utils/sfinae.hpp"
#include <type_traits>

#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
#define __INT128_DEFINED__ 1
#else
#define __INT128_DEFINED__ 0
#endif

namespace std {

#if __INT128_DEFINED__

template <> struct make_signed<__uint128_t> { using type = __int128_t; };
template <> struct make_signed<__int128_t> { using type = __int128_t; };

template <> struct make_unsigned<__uint128_t> { using type = __uint128_t; };
template <> struct make_unsigned<__int128_t> { using type = __uint128_t; };

#endif

}  // namespace std

namespace workspace {

template <class type, template <class> class trait>
using enable_if_trait_type = typename std::enable_if<trait<type>::value>::type;

template <class Container>
using element_type = typename std::decay<decltype(
    *std::begin(std::declval<Container &>()))>::type;

template <class T, class = std::nullptr_t>
struct has_begin : std::false_type {};

template <class T>
struct has_begin<T, decltype(std::begin(std::declval<T>()), nullptr)>
    : std::true_type {};

template <class T, class = int> struct mapped_of {
  using type = element_type<T>;
};
template <class T>
struct mapped_of<T,
                 typename std::pair<int, typename T::mapped_type>::first_type> {
  using type = typename T::mapped_type;
};
template <class T> using mapped_type = typename mapped_of<T>::type;

template <class T, class = void> struct is_integral_ext : std::false_type {};
template <class T>
struct is_integral_ext<
    T, typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type>
    : std::true_type {};

#if __INT128_DEFINED__

template <> struct is_integral_ext<__int128_t> : std::true_type {};
template <> struct is_integral_ext<__uint128_t> : std::true_type {};

#endif

#if __cplusplus >= 201402

template <class T>
constexpr static bool is_integral_ext_v = is_integral_ext<T>::value;

#endif

template <typename T, typename = void> struct multiplicable_uint {
  using type = uint_least32_t;
};
template <typename T>
struct multiplicable_uint<
    T, typename std::enable_if<(2 < sizeof(T)) &&
                               (!__INT128_DEFINED__ || sizeof(T) <= 4)>::type> {
  using type = uint_least64_t;
};

#if __INT128_DEFINED__

template <typename T>
struct multiplicable_uint<T, typename std::enable_if<(4 < sizeof(T))>::type> {
  using type = __uint128_t;
};

#endif

template <typename T> struct multiplicable_int {
  using type =
      typename std::make_signed<typename multiplicable_uint<T>::type>::type;
};

}  // namespace workspace
#line 15 "Library/src/utils/io/istream.hpp"

namespace workspace {

namespace internal {

template <class Tp, typename = std::nullptr_t> struct istream_helper {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, Tp &x) {
    if constexpr (has_begin<Tp>::value)
      for (auto &&e : x)
        istream_helper<typename std::decay<decltype(e)>::type>(is, e);
    else
      static_assert(has_begin<Tp>::value, "istream unsupported type.");
  }
};

template <class Tp>
struct istream_helper<
    Tp,
    decltype(std::declval<std::decay<decltype(std::declval<std::istream &>() >>
                                              std::declval<Tp &>())>>(),
             nullptr)> {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, Tp &x) { is >> x; }
};

#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__

template <> struct istream_helper<__int128_t, std::nullptr_t> {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, __int128_t &x) {
    std::string s;
    is >> s;
    bool negative = s.front() == '-' ? s.erase(s.begin()), true : false;
    x = 0;
    for (char e : s) x = x * 10 + e - '0';
    if (negative) x = -x;
  }
};

template <> struct istream_helper<__uint128_t, std::nullptr_t> {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, __uint128_t &x) {
    std::string s;
    is >> s;
    bool negative = s.front() == '-' ? s.erase(s.begin()), true : false;
    x = 0;
    for (char e : s) x = x * 10 + e - '0';
    if (negative) x = -x;
  }
};

#endif  // INT128

template <class T1, class T2> struct istream_helper<std::pair<T1, T2>> {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, std::pair<T1, T2> &x) {
    istream_helper<T1>(is, x.first), istream_helper<T2>(is, x.second);
  }
};

template <class... Tps> struct istream_helper<std::tuple<Tps...>> {
  istream_helper(std::istream &is, std::tuple<Tps...> &x) { iterate(is, x); }

 private:
  template <class Tp, size_t N = 0> void iterate(std::istream &is, Tp &x) {
    if constexpr (N == std::tuple_size<Tp>::value)
      return;
    else
      istream_helper<typename std::tuple_element<N, Tp>::type>(is,
                                                               std::get<N>(x)),
          iterate<Tp, N + 1>(is, x);
  }
};

}  // namespace internal

/**
 * @brief A wrapper class for std::istream.
 */
class istream : public std::istream {
 public:
  /**
   * @brief Wrapped operator.
   */
  template <typename Tp> istream &operator>>(Tp &x) {
    internal::istream_helper<Tp>(*this, x);
    if (std::istream::fail()) {
      static auto once = atexit([] {
        std::cerr << "\n\033[43m\033[30mwarning: failed to read \'"
                  << abi::__cxa_demangle(typeid(Tp).name(), 0, 0, 0)
                  << "\'.\033[0m\n\n";
      });
      assert(!once);
    }
    return *this;
  }
};

namespace internal {
auto *const cin_ptr = (istream *)&std::cin;
}
auto &cin = *internal::cin_ptr;

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/io/ostream.hpp"

/*
 * @file ostream.hpp
 * @brief Output Stream
 */

#line 10 "Library/src/utils/io/ostream.hpp"

namespace workspace {

template <class T, class U>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &p) {
  return os << p.first << ' ' << p.second;
}
template <class tuple_t, size_t index> struct tuple_os {
  static std::ostream &apply(std::ostream &os, const tuple_t &t) {
    tuple_os<tuple_t, index - 1>::apply(os, t);
    return os << ' ' << std::get<index>(t);
  }
};
template <class tuple_t> struct tuple_os<tuple_t, 0> {
  static std::ostream &apply(std::ostream &os, const tuple_t &t) {
    return os << std::get<0>(t);
  }
};
template <class tuple_t> struct tuple_os<tuple_t, SIZE_MAX> {
  static std::ostream &apply(std::ostream &os, const tuple_t &t) { return os; }
};

template <class... T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::tuple<T...> &t) {
  return tuple_os<std::tuple<T...>,
                  std::tuple_size<std::tuple<T...>>::value - 1>::apply(os, t);
}

template <class Container,
          typename = decltype(std::begin(std::declval<Container>()))>
typename std::enable_if<
    !std::is_same<typename std::decay<Container>::type, std::string>::value &&
        !std::is_same<typename std::decay<Container>::type, char *>::value,
    std::ostream &>::type
operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Container &cont) {
  bool head = true;
  for (auto &&e : cont) head ? head = 0 : (os << ' ', 0), os << e;
  return os;
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 9 "Library/lib/utils"
// #include "src/utils/io/read.hpp"
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/io/setup.hpp"

/*
 * @file setup.hpp
 * @brief I/O Setup
 */

#line 10 "Library/src/utils/io/setup.hpp"

namespace workspace {

/*
 * @fn io_setup
 * @brief Setup I/O.
 * @param precision Standard output precision
 */
void io_setup(int precision) {
  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  std::cin.tie(nullptr);
  std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(precision);

#ifdef _buffer_check
  atexit([] {
    char bufc;
    if (std::cin >> bufc)
      std::cerr << "\n\033[43m\033[30mwarning: buffer not empty.\033[0m\n\n";
  });
#endif
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/iterator/category.hpp"

/*
 * @file category.hpp
 * @brief Iterator Category
 */

#line 10 "Library/src/utils/iterator/category.hpp"

namespace workspace {

/*
 * @tparam Tuple Tuple of iterator types
 */
template <class Tuple, size_t N = std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value - 1>
struct common_iterator_category {
  using type = typename std::common_type<
      typename common_iterator_category<Tuple, N - 1>::type,
      typename std::iterator_traits<typename std::tuple_element<
          N, Tuple>::type>::iterator_category>::type;
};

template <class Tuple> struct common_iterator_category<Tuple, 0> {
  using type = typename std::iterator_traits<
      typename std::tuple_element<0, Tuple>::type>::iterator_category;
};

}  // namespace workspace
#line 12 "Library/lib/utils"
// #include "src/utils/iterator/reverse.hpp"
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/make_vector.hpp"

/*
 * @file make_vector.hpp
 * @brief Multi-dimensional Vector
 */

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L

#include <tuple>
#include <vector>

namespace workspace {

/*
 * @brief Make a multi-dimensional vector.
 * @tparam Tp type of the elements
 * @tparam N dimension
 * @tparam S integer type
 * @param sizes The size of each dimension
 * @param init The initial value
 */
template <typename Tp, size_t N, typename S>
constexpr auto make_vector([[maybe_unused]] S *sizes, Tp const &init = Tp()) {
  static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<S, size_t>);
  if constexpr (N)
    return std::vector(*sizes,
                       make_vector<Tp, N - 1, S>(std::next(sizes), init));
  else
    return init;
}

/*
 * @brief Make a multi-dimensional vector.
 * @param sizes The size of each dimension
 * @param init The initial value
 */
template <typename Tp, size_t N, typename S>
constexpr auto make_vector(const S (&sizes)[N], Tp const &init = Tp()) {
  return make_vector<Tp, N, S>((S *)sizes, init);
}

/*
 * @brief Make a multi-dimensional vector.
 * @param sizes The size of each dimension
 * @param init The initial value
 */
template <typename Tp, size_t N, typename S, size_t I = 0>
constexpr auto make_vector([[maybe_unused]] std::array<S, N> const &sizes,
                           Tp const &init = Tp()) {
  static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<S, size_t>);
  if constexpr (I == N)
    return init;
  else
    return std::vector(sizes[I], make_vector<Tp, N, S, I + 1>(sizes, init));
}

/*
 * @brief Make a multi-dimensional vector.
 * @param sizes The size of each dimension
 * @param init The initial value
 */
template <typename Tp, size_t N = SIZE_MAX, size_t I = 0, class... Args>
constexpr auto make_vector([[maybe_unused]] std::tuple<Args...> const &sizes,
                           Tp const &init = Tp()) {
  using tuple_type = std::tuple<Args...>;
  if constexpr (I == std::tuple_size_v<tuple_type> || I == N)
    return init;
  else {
    static_assert(
        std::is_convertible_v<std::tuple_element_t<I, tuple_type>, size_t>);
    return std::vector(std::get<I>(sizes),
                       make_vector<Tp, N, I + 1>(sizes, init));
  }
}

/*
 * @brief Make a multi-dimensional vector.
 * @param sizes The size of each dimension
 * @param init The initial value
 */
template <typename Tp, class Fst, class Snd>
constexpr auto make_vector(std::pair<Fst, Snd> const &sizes,
                           Tp const &init = Tp()) {
  static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<Fst, size_t>);
  static_assert(std::is_convertible_v<Snd, size_t>);
  return make_vector({(size_t)sizes.first, (size_t)sizes.second}, init);
}

}  // namespace workspace

#endif
#line 14 "Library/lib/utils"
// #include "src/utils/py-like/enumerate.hpp"
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/py-like/range.hpp"

/**
 * @file range.hpp
 * @brief Range
 */

#line 9 "Library/src/utils/py-like/range.hpp"

#line 2 "Library/src/utils/iterator/reverse.hpp"

/*
 * @file reverse_iterator.hpp
 * @brief Reverse Iterator
 */

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L

#include <iterator>
#include <optional>

namespace workspace {

/*
 * @class reverse_iterator
 * @brief Wrapper class for `std::reverse_iterator`.
 * @see http://gcc.gnu.org/PR51823
 */
template <class Iterator>
class reverse_iterator : public std::reverse_iterator<Iterator> {
  using base_std = std::reverse_iterator<Iterator>;
  std::optional<typename base_std::value_type> deref;

 public:
  using base_std::reverse_iterator;

  constexpr typename base_std::reference operator*() noexcept {
    if (!deref) {
      Iterator tmp = base_std::current;
      deref = *--tmp;
    }
    return deref.value();
  }

  constexpr reverse_iterator &operator++() noexcept {
    base_std::operator++();
    deref.reset();
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr reverse_iterator &operator--() noexcept {
    base_std::operator++();
    deref.reset();
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr reverse_iterator operator++(int) noexcept {
    base_std::operator++();
    deref.reset();
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr reverse_iterator operator--(int) noexcept {
    base_std::operator++();
    deref.reset();
    return *this;
  }
};

}  // namespace workspace

#endif
#line 2 "Library/src/utils/py-like/reversed.hpp"

/**
 * @file reversed.hpp
 * @brief Reversed
 */

#include <initializer_list>
#line 10 "Library/src/utils/py-like/reversed.hpp"

namespace workspace {

namespace internal {

template <class Container> class reversed {
  Container cont;

 public:
  constexpr reversed(Container &&cont) : cont(cont) {}

  constexpr auto begin() { return std::rbegin(cont); }
  constexpr auto end() { return std::rend(cont); }
};

}  // namespace internal

template <class Container> constexpr auto reversed(Container &&cont) noexcept {
  return internal::reversed<Container>{std::forward<Container>(cont)};
}

template <class Tp>
constexpr auto reversed(std::initializer_list<Tp> &&cont) noexcept {
  return internal::reversed<std::initializer_list<Tp>>{
      std::forward<std::initializer_list<Tp>>(cont)};
}

}  // namespace workspace
#line 12 "Library/src/utils/py-like/range.hpp"

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L

namespace workspace {

template <class Index> class range {
  Index first, last;

 public:
  class iterator {
    Index current;

   public:
    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
    using value_type = Index;
    using reference = typename std::add_const<Index>::type &;
    using pointer = iterator;
    using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;

    constexpr iterator(Index const &__i = Index()) noexcept : current(__i) {}

    constexpr bool operator==(iterator const &rhs) const noexcept {
      return current == rhs.current;
    }
    constexpr bool operator!=(iterator const &rhs) const noexcept {
      return current != rhs.current;
    }

    constexpr iterator &operator++() noexcept {
      ++current;
      return *this;
    }
    constexpr iterator &operator--() noexcept {
      --current;
      return *this;
    }

    constexpr reference operator*() const noexcept { return current; }
  };

  constexpr range(Index first, Index last) noexcept
      : first(first), last(last) {}
  constexpr range(Index last) noexcept : first(), last(last) {}

  constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept { return iterator{first}; }
  constexpr iterator end() const noexcept { return iterator{last}; }

  constexpr reverse_iterator<iterator> rbegin() const noexcept {
    return reverse_iterator<iterator>(end());
  }
  constexpr reverse_iterator<iterator> rend() const noexcept {
    return reverse_iterator<iterator>(begin());
  }
};

template <class... Args> constexpr auto rrange(Args &&...args) noexcept {
  return internal::reversed(range(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
}

}  // namespace workspace

#endif
#line 16 "Library/lib/utils"
// #include "src/utils/py-like/reversed.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/py-like/zip.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/rand/rng.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/rand/shuffle.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/round_div.hpp"
// #include "src/utils/sfinae.hpp"
#line 11 "other/a.cc"

signed main() {
  using namespace workspace;

  io_setup(15);

  /* given
    case_info.read();  //*/

  /* unspecified
    case_info.total = -1;  //*/

  return case_info.iterate();
}

#include <immintrin.h>
using namespace std;

template <typename mint> struct FormalPowerSeries : vector<mint> {
  using vector<mint>::vector;
  using FPS = FormalPowerSeries;

  FPS &operator+=(const FPS &r) {
    if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] += r[i];
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator+=(const mint &r) {
    if (this->empty()) this->resize(1);
    (*this)[0] += r;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator-=(const FPS &r) {
    if (r.size() > this->size()) this->resize(r.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); i++) (*this)[i] -= r[i];
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator-=(const mint &r) {
    if (this->empty()) this->resize(1);
    (*this)[0] -= r;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator*=(const mint &v) {
    for (int k = 0; k < (int)this->size(); k++) (*this)[k] *= v;
    return *this;
  }

  FPS &operator/=(const FPS &r) {
    if (this->size() < r.size()) {
      this->clear();
      return *this;
    }
    int n = this->size() - r.size() + 1;
    if ((int)r.size() <= 64) {
      FPS f(*this), g(r);
      g.shrink();
      mint coeff = g.back().inverse();
      for (auto &x : g) x *= coeff;
      int deg = (int)f.size() - (int)g.size() + 1;
      int gs = g.size();
      FPS quo(deg);
      for (int i = deg - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        quo[i] = f[i + gs - 1];
        for (int j = 0; j < gs; j++) f[i + j] -= quo[i] * g[j];
      }
      *this = quo * coeff;
      this->resize(n, mint(0));
      return *this;
    }
    return *this = ((*this).rev().pre(n) * r.rev().inv(n)).pre(n).rev();
  }

  FPS &operator%=(const FPS &r) {
    *this -= *this / r * r;
    shrink();
    return *this;
  }

  FPS operator+(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) += r; }
  FPS operator+(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) += v; }
  FPS operator-(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) -= r; }
  FPS operator-(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) -= v; }
  FPS operator*(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) *= r; }
  FPS operator*(const mint &v) const { return FPS(*this) *= v; }
  FPS operator/(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) /= r; }
  FPS operator%(const FPS &r) const { return FPS(*this) %= r; }
  FPS operator-() const {
    FPS ret(this->size());
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)this->size(); i++) ret[i] = -(*this)[i];
    return ret;
  }

  void shrink() {
    while (this->size() && this->back() == mint(0)) this->pop_back();
  }

  FPS rev() const {
    FPS ret(*this);
    reverse(begin(ret), end(ret));
    return ret;
  }

  FPS dot(FPS r) const {
    FPS ret(min(this->size(), r.size()));
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)ret.size(); i++) ret[i] = (*this)[i] * r[i];
    return ret;
  }

  FPS pre(int sz) const {
    return FPS(begin(*this), begin(*this) + min((int)this->size(), sz));
  }

  FPS operator>>(int sz) const {
    if ((int)this->size() <= sz) return {};
    FPS ret(*this);
    ret.erase(ret.begin(), ret.begin() + sz);
    return ret;
  }

  FPS operator<<(int sz) const {
    FPS ret(*this);
    ret.insert(ret.begin(), sz, mint(0));
    return ret;
  }

  FPS diff() const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    FPS ret(max(0, n - 1));
    mint one(1), coeff(1);
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
      ret[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * coeff;
      coeff += one;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  FPS integral() const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    FPS ret(n + 1);
    ret[0] = mint(0);
    if (n > 0) ret[1] = mint(1);
    auto mod = mint::get_mod();
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) ret[i] = (-ret[mod % i]) * (mod / i);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret[i + 1] *= (*this)[i];
    return ret;
  }

  mint eval(mint x) const {
    mint r = 0, w = 1;
    for (auto &v : *this) r += w * v, w *= x;
    return r;
  }

  FPS log(int deg = -1) const {
    assert((*this)[0] == mint(1));
    if (deg == -1) deg = (int)this->size();
    return (this->diff() * this->inv(deg)).pre(deg - 1).integral();
  }

  FPS pow(int64_t k, int deg = -1) const {
    const int n = (int)this->size();
    if (deg == -1) deg = n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if ((*this)[i] != mint(0)) {
        if (i * k > deg) return FPS(deg, mint(0));
        mint rev = mint(1) / (*this)[i];
        FPS ret = (((*this * rev) >> i).log() * k).exp() * ((*this)[i].pow(k));
        ret = (ret << (i * k)).pre(deg);
        if ((int)ret.size() < deg) ret.resize(deg, mint(0));
        return ret;
      }
    }
    return FPS(deg, mint(0));
  }

  static void *ntt_ptr;
  static void set_fft();
  FPS &operator*=(const FPS &r);
  void ntt();
  void intt();
  void ntt_doubling();
  static int ntt_pr();
  FPS inv(int deg = -1) const;
  FPS exp(int deg = -1) const;
};
template <typename mint> void *FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_ptr = nullptr;

template <uint32_t mod> struct LazyMontgomeryModInt {
  using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt;
  using i32 = int32_t;
  using u32 = uint32_t;
  using u64 = uint64_t;

  static constexpr u32 get_r() {
    u32 ret = mod;
    for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) ret *= 2 - mod * ret;
    return ret;
  }

  static constexpr u32 r = get_r();
  static constexpr u32 n2 = -u64(mod) % mod;
  static_assert(r * mod == 1, "invalid, r * mod != 1");
  static_assert(mod < (1 << 30), "invalid, mod >= 2 ^ 30");
  static_assert((mod & 1) == 1, "invalid, mod % 2 == 0");

  u32 a;

  constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt() : a(0) {}
  constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt(const int64_t &b)
      : a(reduce(u64(b % mod + mod) * n2)){};

  static constexpr u32 reduce(const u64 &b) {
    return (b + u64(u32(b) * u32(-r)) * mod) >> 32;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator+=(const mint &b) {
    if (i32(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator-=(const mint &b) {
    if (i32(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator*=(const mint &b) {
    a = reduce(u64(a) * b.a);
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint &operator/=(const mint &b) {
    *this *= b.inverse();
    return *this;
  }

  constexpr mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; }
  constexpr mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; }
  constexpr mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; }
  constexpr mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; }
  constexpr bool operator==(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  constexpr bool operator!=(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - mint(*this); }

  constexpr mint pow(u64 n) const {
    mint ret(1), mul(*this);
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1) ret *= mul;
      mul *= mul;
      n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  constexpr mint inverse() const { return pow(mod - 2); }

  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) {
    return os << b.get();
  }

  friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) {
    int64_t t;
    is >> t;
    b = LazyMontgomeryModInt<mod>(t);
    return (is);
  }

  constexpr u32 get() const {
    u32 ret = reduce(a);
    return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret;
  }

  static constexpr u32 get_mod() { return mod; }
};  //

__attribute__((target("sse4.2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m128i
my128_mullo_epu32(const __m128i &a, const __m128i &b) {
  return _mm_mullo_epi32(a, b);
}

__attribute__((target("sse4.2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m128i
my128_mulhi_epu32(const __m128i &a, const __m128i &b) {
  __m128i a13 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(a, 0xF5);
  __m128i b13 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(b, 0xF5);
  __m128i prod02 = _mm_mul_epu32(a, b);
  __m128i prod13 = _mm_mul_epu32(a13, b13);
  __m128i prod = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(_mm_unpacklo_epi32(prod02, prod13),
                                    _mm_unpackhi_epi32(prod02, prod13));
  return prod;
}

__attribute__((target("sse4.2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m128i
montgomery_mul_128(const __m128i &a, const __m128i &b, const __m128i &r,
                   const __m128i &m1) {
  return _mm_sub_epi32(
      _mm_add_epi32(my128_mulhi_epu32(a, b), m1),
      my128_mulhi_epu32(my128_mullo_epu32(my128_mullo_epu32(a, b), r), m1));
}

__attribute__((target("sse4.2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m128i
montgomery_add_128(const __m128i &a, const __m128i &b, const __m128i &m2,
                   const __m128i &m0) {
  __m128i ret = _mm_sub_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(a, b), m2);
  return _mm_add_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_cmpgt_epi32(m0, ret), m2), ret);
}

__attribute__((target("sse4.2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m128i
montgomery_sub_128(const __m128i &a, const __m128i &b, const __m128i &m2,
                   const __m128i &m0) {
  __m128i ret = _mm_sub_epi32(a, b);
  return _mm_add_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_cmpgt_epi32(m0, ret), m2), ret);
}

__attribute__((target("avx2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m256i
my256_mullo_epu32(const __m256i &a, const __m256i &b) {
  return _mm256_mullo_epi32(a, b);
}

__attribute__((target("avx2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m256i
my256_mulhi_epu32(const __m256i &a, const __m256i &b) {
  __m256i a13 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(a, 0xF5);
  __m256i b13 = _mm256_shuffle_epi32(b, 0xF5);
  __m256i prod02 = _mm256_mul_epu32(a, b);
  __m256i prod13 = _mm256_mul_epu32(a13, b13);
  __m256i prod = _mm256_unpackhi_epi64(_mm256_unpacklo_epi32(prod02, prod13),
                                       _mm256_unpackhi_epi32(prod02, prod13));
  return prod;
}

__attribute__((target("avx2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m256i
montgomery_mul_256(const __m256i &a, const __m256i &b, const __m256i &r,
                   const __m256i &m1) {
  return _mm256_sub_epi32(
      _mm256_add_epi32(my256_mulhi_epu32(a, b), m1),
      my256_mulhi_epu32(my256_mullo_epu32(my256_mullo_epu32(a, b), r), m1));
}

__attribute__((target("avx2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m256i
montgomery_add_256(const __m256i &a, const __m256i &b, const __m256i &m2,
                   const __m256i &m0) {
  __m256i ret = _mm256_sub_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(a, b), m2);
  return _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_cmpgt_epi32(m0, ret), m2),
                          ret);
}

__attribute__((target("avx2"))) __attribute__((always_inline)) __m256i
montgomery_sub_256(const __m256i &a, const __m256i &b, const __m256i &m2,
                   const __m256i &m0) {
  __m256i ret = _mm256_sub_epi32(a, b);
  return _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_cmpgt_epi32(m0, ret), m2),
                          ret);
}

constexpr int SZ = 1 << 19;
uint32_t buf1_[SZ * 2] __attribute__((aligned(64)));
uint32_t buf2_[SZ * 2] __attribute__((aligned(64)));

template <typename mint> struct NTT {
  static constexpr uint32_t get_pr() {
    uint32_t mod = mint::get_mod();
    using u64 = uint64_t;
    u64 ds[32] = {};
    int idx = 0;
    u64 m = mod - 1;
    for (u64 i = 2; i * i <= m; ++i) {
      if (m % i == 0) {
        ds[idx++] = i;
        while (m % i == 0) m /= i;
      }
    }
    if (m != 1) ds[idx++] = m;

    uint32_t pr = 2;
    while (1) {
      int flg = 1;
      for (int i = 0; i < idx; ++i) {
        u64 a = pr, b = (mod - 1) / ds[i], r = 1;
        while (b) {
          if (b & 1) r = r * a % mod;
          a = a * a % mod;
          b >>= 1;
        }
        if (r == 1) {
          flg = 0;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (flg == 1) break;
      ++pr;
    }
    return pr;
  };

  static constexpr uint32_t mod = mint::get_mod();
  static constexpr uint32_t pr = get_pr();
  static constexpr int level = __builtin_ctzll(mod - 1);
  mint dw[level], dy[level];
  mint *buf1, *buf2;

  constexpr NTT() {
    setwy(level);
    buf1 = reinterpret_cast<mint *>(::buf1_);
    buf2 = reinterpret_cast<mint *>(::buf2_);
  }

  constexpr void setwy(int k) {
    mint w[level], y[level];
    w[k - 1] = mint(pr).pow((mod - 1) / (1 << k));
    y[k - 1] = w[k - 1].inverse();
    for (int i = k - 2; i > 0; --i)
      w[i] = w[i + 1] * w[i + 1], y[i] = y[i + 1] * y[i + 1];
    dw[0] = dy[0] = w[1] * w[1];
    dw[1] = w[1], dy[1] = y[1], dw[2] = w[2], dy[2] = y[2];
    for (int i = 3; i < k; ++i) {
      dw[i] = dw[i - 1] * y[i - 2] * w[i];
      dy[i] = dy[i - 1] * w[i - 2] * y[i];
    }
  }

  __attribute__((target("avx2"))) void ntt(mint *a, int n) {
    int k = n ? __builtin_ctz(n) : 0;
    if (k == 0) return;
    if (k == 1) {
      mint a1 = a[1];
      a[1] = a[0] - a[1];
      a[0] = a[0] + a1;
      return;
    }
    if (k & 1) {
      int v = 1 << (k - 1);
      if (v < 8) {
        for (int j = 0; j < v; ++j) {
          mint ajv = a[j + v];
          a[j + v] = a[j] - ajv;
          a[j] += ajv;
        }
      } else {
        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        int j0 = 0;
        int j1 = v;
        for (; j0 < v; j0 += 8, j1 += 8) {
          __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
          __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
          __m256i naj = montgomery_add_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
          __m256i najv = montgomery_sub_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0), naj);
          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1), najv);
        }
      }
    }
    int u = 1 << (2 + (k & 1));
    int v = 1 << (k - 2 - (k & 1));
    mint one = mint(1);
    mint imag = dw[1];
    while (v) {
      if (v == 1) {
        mint ww = one, xx = one, wx = one;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          ww = xx * xx, wx = ww * xx;
          mint t0 = a[jh + 0], t1 = a[jh + 1] * xx;
          mint t2 = a[jh + 2] * ww, t3 = a[jh + 3] * wx;
          mint t0p2 = t0 + t2, t1p3 = t1 + t3;
          mint t0m2 = t0 - t2, t1m3 = (t1 - t3) * imag;
          a[jh + 0] = t0p2 + t1p3, a[jh + 1] = t0p2 - t1p3;
          a[jh + 2] = t0m2 + t1m3, a[jh + 3] = t0m2 - t1m3;
          xx *= dw[__builtin_ctz((jh += 4))];
        }
      } else if (v == 4) {
        const __m128i m0 = _mm_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m128i m1 = _mm_set1_epi32(mod);
        const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        const __m128i r = _mm_set1_epi32(mint::r);
        const __m128i Imag = _mm_set1_epi32(imag.a);
        mint ww = one, xx = one, wx = one;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          if (jh == 0) {
            int j0 = 0;
            int j1 = v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = v;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 4, j1 += 4, j2 += 4, j3 += 4) {
              const __m128i T0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0));
              const __m128i T1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1));
              const __m128i T2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2));
              const __m128i T3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3));
              const __m128i T0P2 = montgomery_add_128(T0, T2, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T1P3 = montgomery_add_128(T1, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T0M2 = montgomery_sub_128(T0, T2, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T1M3 = montgomery_mul_128(
                  montgomery_sub_128(T1, T3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
            }
          } else {
            ww = xx * xx, wx = ww * xx;
            const __m128i WW = _mm_set1_epi32(ww.a);
            const __m128i WX = _mm_set1_epi32(wx.a);
            const __m128i XX = _mm_set1_epi32(xx.a);
            int j0 = jh * v;
            int j1 = j0 + v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = j1;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 4, j1 += 4, j2 += 4, j3 += 4) {
              const __m128i T0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0));
              const __m128i T1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1));
              const __m128i T2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2));
              const __m128i T3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3));
              const __m128i MT1 = montgomery_mul_128(T1, XX, r, m1);
              const __m128i MT2 = montgomery_mul_128(T2, WW, r, m1);
              const __m128i MT3 = montgomery_mul_128(T3, WX, r, m1);
              const __m128i T0P2 = montgomery_add_128(T0, MT2, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T1P3 = montgomery_add_128(MT1, MT3, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T0M2 = montgomery_sub_128(T0, MT2, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T1M3 = montgomery_mul_128(
                  montgomery_sub_128(MT1, MT3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
            }
          }
          xx *= dw[__builtin_ctz((jh += 4))];
        }
      } else {
        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m256i m1 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod);
        const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        const __m256i r = _mm256_set1_epi32(mint::r);
        const __m256i Imag = _mm256_set1_epi32(imag.a);
        mint ww = one, xx = one, wx = one;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          if (jh == 0) {
            int j0 = 0;
            int j1 = v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = v;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 8, j1 += 8, j2 += 8, j3 += 8) {
              const __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
              const __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
              const __m256i T2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2));
              const __m256i T3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3));
              const __m256i T0P2 = montgomery_add_256(T0, T2, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T1P3 = montgomery_add_256(T1, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T0M2 = montgomery_sub_256(T0, T2, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T1M3 = montgomery_mul_256(
                  montgomery_sub_256(T1, T3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
            }
          } else {
            ww = xx * xx, wx = ww * xx;
            const __m256i WW = _mm256_set1_epi32(ww.a);
            const __m256i WX = _mm256_set1_epi32(wx.a);
            const __m256i XX = _mm256_set1_epi32(xx.a);
            int j0 = jh * v;
            int j1 = j0 + v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = j1;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 8, j1 += 8, j2 += 8, j3 += 8) {
              const __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
              const __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
              const __m256i T2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2));
              const __m256i T3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3));
              const __m256i MT1 = montgomery_mul_256(T1, XX, r, m1);
              const __m256i MT2 = montgomery_mul_256(T2, WW, r, m1);
              const __m256i MT3 = montgomery_mul_256(T3, WX, r, m1);
              const __m256i T0P2 = montgomery_add_256(T0, MT2, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T1P3 = montgomery_add_256(MT1, MT3, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T0M2 = montgomery_sub_256(T0, MT2, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T1M3 = montgomery_mul_256(
                  montgomery_sub_256(MT1, MT3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0P2, T1P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0M2, T1M3, m2, m0));
            }
          }
          xx *= dw[__builtin_ctz((jh += 4))];
        }
      }
      u <<= 2;
      v >>= 2;
    }
  }

  __attribute__((target("avx2"))) void intt(mint *a, int n,
                                            int normalize = true) {
    int k = n ? __builtin_ctz(n) : 0;
    if (k == 0) return;
    if (k == 1) {
      mint a1 = a[1];
      a[1] = a[0] - a[1];
      a[0] = a[0] + a1;
      if (normalize) {
        a[0] *= mint(2).inverse();
        a[1] *= mint(2).inverse();
      }
      return;
    }
    int u = 1 << (k - 2);
    int v = 1;
    mint one = mint(1);
    mint imag = dy[1];
    while (u) {
      if (v == 1) {
        mint ww = one, xx = one, yy = one;
        u <<= 2;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          ww = xx * xx, yy = xx * imag;
          mint t0 = a[jh + 0], t1 = a[jh + 1];
          mint t2 = a[jh + 2], t3 = a[jh + 3];
          mint t0p1 = t0 + t1, t2p3 = t2 + t3;
          mint t0m1 = (t0 - t1) * xx, t2m3 = (t2 - t3) * yy;
          a[jh + 0] = t0p1 + t2p3, a[jh + 2] = (t0p1 - t2p3) * ww;
          a[jh + 1] = t0m1 + t2m3, a[jh + 3] = (t0m1 - t2m3) * ww;
          xx *= dy[__builtin_ctz(jh += 4)];
        }
      } else if (v == 4) {
        const __m128i m0 = _mm_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m128i m1 = _mm_set1_epi32(mod);
        const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        const __m128i r = _mm_set1_epi32(mint::r);
        const __m128i Imag = _mm_set1_epi32(imag.a);
        mint ww = one, xx = one, yy = one;
        u <<= 2;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          if (jh == 0) {
            int j0 = 0;
            int j1 = v;
            int j2 = v + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            for (; j0 < v; j0 += 4, j1 += 4, j2 += 4, j3 += 4) {
              const __m128i T0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0));
              const __m128i T1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1));
              const __m128i T2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2));
              const __m128i T3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3));
              const __m128i T0P1 = montgomery_add_128(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T2P3 = montgomery_add_128(T2, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T0M1 = montgomery_sub_128(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T2M3 = montgomery_mul_128(
                  montgomery_sub_128(T2, T3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3),
                               montgomery_sub_128(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
            }
          } else {
            ww = xx * xx, yy = xx * imag;
            const __m128i WW = _mm_set1_epi32(ww.a);
            const __m128i XX = _mm_set1_epi32(xx.a);
            const __m128i YY = _mm_set1_epi32(yy.a);
            int j0 = jh * v;
            int j1 = j0 + v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = j1;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 4, j1 += 4, j2 += 4, j3 += 4) {
              const __m128i T0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0));
              const __m128i T1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1));
              const __m128i T2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j2));
              const __m128i T3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j3));
              const __m128i T0P1 = montgomery_add_128(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T2P3 = montgomery_add_128(T2, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m128i T0M1 = montgomery_mul_128(
                  montgomery_sub_128(T0, T1, m2, m0), XX, r, m1);
              __m128i T2M3 = montgomery_mul_128(
                  montgomery_sub_128(T2, T3, m2, m0), YY, r, m1);
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j0),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128(
                  (__m128i *)(a + j2),
                  montgomery_mul_128(montgomery_sub_128(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0), WW,
                                     r, m1));
              _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(a + j1),
                               montgomery_add_128(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
              _mm_storeu_si128(
                  (__m128i *)(a + j3),
                  montgomery_mul_128(montgomery_sub_128(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0), WW,
                                     r, m1));
            }
          }
          xx *= dy[__builtin_ctz(jh += 4)];
        }
      } else {
        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m256i m1 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod);
        const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        const __m256i r = _mm256_set1_epi32(mint::r);
        const __m256i Imag = _mm256_set1_epi32(imag.a);
        mint ww = one, xx = one, yy = one;
        u <<= 2;
        for (int jh = 0; jh < u;) {
          if (jh == 0) {
            int j0 = 0;
            int j1 = v;
            int j2 = v + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            for (; j0 < v; j0 += 8, j1 += 8, j2 += 8, j3 += 8) {
              const __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
              const __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
              const __m256i T2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2));
              const __m256i T3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3));
              const __m256i T0P1 = montgomery_add_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T2P3 = montgomery_add_256(T2, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T0M1 = montgomery_sub_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T2M3 = montgomery_mul_256(
                  montgomery_sub_256(T2, T3, m2, m0), Imag, r, m1);
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3),
                                  montgomery_sub_256(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
            }
          } else {
            ww = xx * xx, yy = xx * imag;
            const __m256i WW = _mm256_set1_epi32(ww.a);
            const __m256i XX = _mm256_set1_epi32(xx.a);
            const __m256i YY = _mm256_set1_epi32(yy.a);
            int j0 = jh * v;
            int j1 = j0 + v;
            int j2 = j1 + v;
            int j3 = j2 + v;
            int je = j1;
            for (; j0 < je; j0 += 8, j1 += 8, j2 += 8, j3 += 8) {
              const __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
              const __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
              const __m256i T2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j2));
              const __m256i T3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j3));
              const __m256i T0P1 = montgomery_add_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T2P3 = montgomery_add_256(T2, T3, m2, m0);
              const __m256i T0M1 = montgomery_mul_256(
                  montgomery_sub_256(T0, T1, m2, m0), XX, r, m1);
              const __m256i T2M3 = montgomery_mul_256(
                  montgomery_sub_256(T2, T3, m2, m0), YY, r, m1);
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256(
                  (__m256i *)(a + j2),
                  montgomery_mul_256(montgomery_sub_256(T0P1, T2P3, m2, m0), WW,
                                     r, m1));
              _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1),
                                  montgomery_add_256(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0));
              _mm256_storeu_si256(
                  (__m256i *)(a + j3),
                  montgomery_mul_256(montgomery_sub_256(T0M1, T2M3, m2, m0), WW,
                                     r, m1));
            }
          }
          xx *= dy[__builtin_ctz(jh += 4)];
        }
      }
      u >>= 4;
      v <<= 2;
    }
    if (k & 1) {
      v = 1 << (k - 1);
      if (v < 8) {
        for (int j = 0; j < v; ++j) {
          mint ajv = a[j] - a[j + v];
          a[j] += a[j + v];
          a[j + v] = ajv;
        }
      } else {
        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
        const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod + mod);
        int j0 = 0;
        int j1 = v;
        for (; j0 < v; j0 += 8, j1 += 8) {
          const __m256i T0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0));
          const __m256i T1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1));
          __m256i naj = montgomery_add_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
          __m256i najv = montgomery_sub_256(T0, T1, m2, m0);
          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j0), naj);
          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(a + j1), najv);
        }
      }
    }
    if (normalize) {
      mint invn = mint(n).inverse();
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] *= invn;
    }
  }

  __attribute__((target("avx2"))) void inplace_multiply(
      int l1, int l2, int zero_padding = true) {
    int l = l1 + l2 - 1;
    int M = 4;
    while (M < l) M <<= 1;
    if (zero_padding) {
      for (int i = l1; i < M; i++) buf1_[i] = 0;
      for (int i = l2; i < M; i++) buf2_[i] = 0;
    }
    const __m256i m0 = _mm256_set1_epi32(0);
    const __m256i m1 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mod);
    const __m256i r = _mm256_set1_epi32(mint::r);
    const __m256i N2 = _mm256_set1_epi32(mint::n2);
    for (int i = 0; i < l1; i += 8) {
      __m256i a = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i));
      __m256i b = montgomery_mul_256(a, N2, r, m1);
      _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i), b);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < l2; i += 8) {
      __m256i a = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf2_ + i));
      __m256i b = montgomery_mul_256(a, N2, r, m1);
      _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(buf2_ + i), b);
    }
    ntt(buf1, M);
    ntt(buf2, M);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i += 8) {
      __m256i a = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i));
      __m256i b = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf2_ + i));
      __m256i c = montgomery_mul_256(a, b, r, m1);
      _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i), c);
    }
    intt(buf1, M, false);
    const __m256i INVM = _mm256_set1_epi32((mint(M).inverse()).a);
    for (int i = 0; i < l; i += 8) {
      __m256i a = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i));
      __m256i b = montgomery_mul_256(a, INVM, r, m1);
      __m256i c = my256_mulhi_epu32(my256_mullo_epu32(b, r), m1);
      __m256i d = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_cmpgt_epi32(c, m0), m1);
      __m256i e = _mm256_sub_epi32(d, c);
      _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)(buf1_ + i), e);
    }
  }

  void ntt(vector<mint> &a) {
    int M = (int)a.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) buf1[i].a = a[i].a;
    ntt(buf1, M);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) a[i].a = buf1[i].a;
  }

  void intt(vector<mint> &a) {
    int M = (int)a.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) buf1[i].a = a[i].a;
    intt(buf1, M, true);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) a[i].a = buf1[i].a;
  }

  vector<mint> multiply(const vector<mint> &a, const vector<mint> &b) {
    if (a.size() == 0 && b.size() == 0) return vector<mint>{};
    int l = a.size() + b.size() - 1;
    if (min<int>(a.size(), b.size()) <= 40) {
      vector<mint> s(l);
      for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < (int)b.size(); ++j) s[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
      return s;
    }
    int M = 4;
    while (M < l) M <<= 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) buf1[i].a = a[i].a;
    for (int i = (int)a.size(); i < M; ++i) buf1[i].a = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); ++i) buf2[i].a = b[i].a;
    for (int i = (int)b.size(); i < M; ++i) buf2[i].a = 0;
    ntt(buf1, M);
    ntt(buf2, M);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i)
      buf1[i].a = mint::reduce(uint64_t(buf1[i].a) * buf2[i].a);
    intt(buf1, M, false);
    vector<mint> s(l);
    mint invm = mint(M).inverse();
    for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) s[i] = buf1[i] * invm;
    return s;
  }

  void ntt_doubling(vector<mint> &a) {
    int M = (int)a.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) buf1[i].a = a[i].a;
    intt(buf1, M);
    mint r = 1, zeta = mint(pr).pow((mint::get_mod() - 1) / (M << 1));
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) buf1[i] *= r, r *= zeta;
    ntt(buf1, M);
    a.resize(2 * M);
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) a[M + i].a = buf1[i].a;
  }
};
template <typename mint> void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::set_fft() {
  if (!ntt_ptr) ntt_ptr = new NTT<mint>;
}

template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint> &FormalPowerSeries<mint>::operator*=(
    const FormalPowerSeries<mint> &r) {
  if (this->empty() || r.empty()) {
    this->clear();
    return *this;
  }
  set_fft();
  auto ret = static_cast<NTT<mint> *>(ntt_ptr)->multiply(*this, r);
  return *this = FormalPowerSeries<mint>(ret.begin(), ret.end());
}

template <typename mint> void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint> *>(ntt_ptr)->ntt(*this);
}

template <typename mint> void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::intt() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint> *>(ntt_ptr)->intt(*this);
}

template <typename mint> void FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_doubling() {
  set_fft();
  static_cast<NTT<mint> *>(ntt_ptr)->ntt_doubling(*this);
}

template <typename mint> int FormalPowerSeries<mint>::ntt_pr() {
  set_fft();
  return static_cast<NTT<mint> *>(ntt_ptr)->pr;
}

template <typename mint>
FormalPowerSeries<mint> FormalPowerSeries<mint>::inv(int deg) const {
  assert((*this)[0] != mint(0));
  if (deg == -1) deg = (int)this->size();
  FormalPowerSeries<mint> res(deg);
  res[0] = {mint(1) / (*this)[0]};
  for (int d = 1; d < deg; d <<= 1) {
    FormalPowerSeries<mint> f(2 * d), g(2 * d);
    for (int j = 0; j < min((int)this->size(), 2 * d); j++) f[j] = (*this)[j];
    for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) g[j] = res[j];
    f.ntt();
    g.ntt();
    for (int j = 0; j < 2 * d; j++) f[j] *= g[j];
    f.intt();
    for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) f[j] = 0;
    f.ntt();
    for (int j = 0; j < 2 * d; j++) f[j] *= g[j];
    f.intt();
    for (int j = d; j < min(2 * d, deg); j++) res[j] = -f[j];
  }
  return res.pre(deg);
}

namespace workspace {

using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<998244353>;
using poly = FormalPowerSeries<mint>;

void main() {
  // start here!

  int n;
  cin >> n;
  poly p(n);
  mint f = 1;
  for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    p[i] = f *= i + 1;
  }
  p = p.inv();
  cout << mint{1} - std::accumulate(begin(p), end(p), mint{0}) << "\n";
}

}  // namespace workspace