from collections import deque
class Dinic:
    def __init__(self, N):
        self.N = N
        self.G = [[] for i in range(N)]

    def add_edge(self, fr, to, cap):
        forward = [to, cap, None]
        forward[2] = backward = [fr, 0, forward]
        self.G[fr].append(forward)
        self.G[to].append(backward)

    def add_multi_edge(self, v1, v2, cap1, cap2):
        edge1 = [v2, cap1, None]
        edge1[2] = edge2 = [v1, cap2, edge1]
        self.G[v1].append(edge1)
        self.G[v2].append(edge2)

    def bfs(self, s, t):
        self.level = level = [None]*self.N
        deq = deque([s])
        level[s] = 0
        G = self.G
        while deq:
            v = deq.popleft()
            lv = level[v] + 1
            for w, cap, _ in G[v]:
                if cap and level[w] is None:
                    level[w] = lv
                    deq.append(w)
        return level[t] is not None

    def dfs(self, v, t, f):
        if v == t:
            return f
        level = self.level
        for e in self.it[v]:
            w, cap, rev = e
            if cap and level[v] < level[w]:
                d = self.dfs(w, t, min(f, cap))
                if d:
                    e[1] -= d
                    rev[1] += d
                    return d
        return 0

    def flow(self, s, t):
        flow = 0
        INF = 10**9 + 7
        G = self.G
        while self.bfs(s, t):
            *self.it, = map(iter, self.G)
            f = INF
            while f:
                f = self.dfs(s, t, INF)
                flow += f
        return flow

import sys,random,bisect
from collections import deque,defaultdict
from heapq import heapify,heappop,heappush
from itertools import permutations
from math import log,gcd

input = lambda :sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
mi = lambda :map(int,input().split())
li = lambda :list(mi())

def calc_h(k,R):
    """
    (2n-1)^2 * 2^k <= R
    """

    if 2**k > R:
        return 0

    R >>= k

    ok = 1
    ng = 10**9
    while ng-ok>1:
        mid = (ok+ng)//2
        if (2*mid-1)**2 <= R:
            ok = mid
        else:
            ng = mid
    return ok

def calc(R):
    if R==0:
        return 0
    res = 0
    for k in range(0,50,2):
        """
        [R/2] < (2n-1)^2 * 2^k <= R
        """

        tmp = calc_h(k,R) - calc_h(k,R//2)
        res += tmp
    
    return res&1


for _ in range(int(input())):
    L,R = mi()
    res = calc(R) - calc(L-1)
    print(res&1)