/** * date : 2022-11-05 03:42:57 */ #define NDEBUG using namespace std; // intrinstic #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include // utility namespace Nyaan { using ll = long long; using i64 = long long; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; template using V = vector; template using VV = vector>; using vi = vector; using vl = vector; using vd = V; using vs = V; using vvi = vector>; using vvl = vector>; template struct P : pair { template P(Args... args) : pair(args...) {} using pair::first; using pair::second; P &operator+=(const P &r) { first += r.first; second += r.second; return *this; } P &operator-=(const P &r) { first -= r.first; second -= r.second; return *this; } P &operator*=(const P &r) { first *= r.first; second *= r.second; return *this; } template P &operator*=(const S &r) { first *= r, second *= r; return *this; } P operator+(const P &r) const { return P(*this) += r; } P operator-(const P &r) const { return P(*this) -= r; } P operator*(const P &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; } template P operator*(const S &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; } P operator-() const { return P{-first, -second}; } }; using pl = P; using pi = P; using vp = V; constexpr int inf = 1001001001; constexpr long long infLL = 4004004004004004004LL; template int sz(const T &t) { return t.size(); } template inline bool amin(T &x, U y) { return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline bool amax(T &x, U y) { return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline T Max(const vector &v) { return *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline T Min(const vector &v) { return *min_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline long long Sum(const vector &v) { return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), 0LL); } template int lb(const vector &v, const T &a) { return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } template int ub(const vector &v, const T &a) { return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } constexpr long long TEN(int n) { long long ret = 1, x = 10; for (; n; x *= x, n >>= 1) ret *= (n & 1 ? x : 1); return ret; } template pair mkp(const T &t, const U &u) { return make_pair(t, u); } template vector mkrui(const vector &v, bool rev = false) { vector ret(v.size() + 1); if (rev) { for (int i = int(v.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) ret[i] = v[i] + ret[i + 1]; } else { for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); i++) ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + v[i]; } return ret; }; template vector mkuni(const vector &v) { vector ret(v); sort(ret.begin(), ret.end()); ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end()); return ret; } template vector mkord(int N,F f) { vector ord(N); iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0); sort(begin(ord), end(ord), f); return ord; } template vector mkinv(vector &v) { int max_val = *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); vector inv(max_val + 1, -1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) inv[v[i]] = i; return inv; } vector mkiota(int n) { vector ret(n); iota(begin(ret), end(ret), 0); return ret; } template T mkrev(const T &v) { T w{v}; reverse(begin(w), end(w)); return w; } template bool nxp(vector &v) { return next_permutation(begin(v), end(v)); } template using minpq = priority_queue, greater>; } // namespace Nyaan // bit operation namespace Nyaan { __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) inline int popcnt(const u64 &a) { return _mm_popcnt_u64(a); } inline int lsb(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int ctz(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int msb(const u64 &a) { return a ? 63 - __builtin_clzll(a) : -1; } template inline int gbit(const T &a, int i) { return (a >> i) & 1; } template inline void sbit(T &a, int i, bool b) { if (gbit(a, i) != b) a ^= T(1) << i; } constexpr long long PW(int n) { return 1LL << n; } constexpr long long MSK(int n) { return (1LL << n) - 1; } } // namespace Nyaan // inout namespace Nyaan { template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p) { os << p.first << " " << p.second; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v) { int s = (int)v.size(); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i]; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v) { for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, __int128_t &x) { string S; is >> S; x = 0; int flag = 0; for (auto &c : S) { if (c == '-') { flag = true; continue; } x *= 10; x += c - '0'; } if (flag) x = -x; return is; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, __uint128_t &x) { string S; is >> S; x = 0; for (auto &c : S) { x *= 10; x += c - '0'; } return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __int128_t x) { if (x == 0) return os << 0; if (x < 0) os << '-', x = -x; string S; while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10; reverse(begin(S), end(S)); return os << S; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __uint128_t x) { if (x == 0) return os << 0; string S; while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10; reverse(begin(S), end(S)); return os << S; } void in() {} template void in(T &t, U &...u) { cin >> t; in(u...); } void out() { cout << "\n"; } template void out(const T &t, const U &...u) { cout << t; if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep; out(u...); } void outr() {} template void outr(const T &t, const U &...u) { cout << t; outr(u...); } struct IoSetupNya { IoSetupNya() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); cerr << fixed << setprecision(7); } } iosetupnya; } // namespace Nyaan // debug #ifdef NyaanDebug #define trc(...) (void(0)) #else #define trc(...) (void(0)) #endif // macro #define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v) #define each2(x, y, v) for (auto&& [x, y] : v) #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define rep(i, N) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(N); i++) #define repr(i, N) for (long long i = (long long)(N)-1; i >= 0; i--) #define rep1(i, N) for (long long i = 1; i <= (long long)(N); i++) #define repr1(i, N) for (long long i = (N); (long long)(i) > 0; i--) #define reg(i, a, b) for (long long i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define regr(i, a, b) for (long long i = (b)-1; i >= (a); i--) #define fi first #define se second #define ini(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define inl(...) \ long long __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define ins(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define in2(s, t) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i]); \ } #define in3(s, t, u) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i]); \ } #define in4(s, t, u, v) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i], v[i]); \ } #define die(...) \ do { \ Nyaan::out(__VA_ARGS__); \ return; \ } while (0) namespace Nyaan { void solve(); } int main() { Nyaan::solve(); } // using namespace std; template struct LazyMontgomeryModInt { using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt; using i32 = int32_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; static constexpr u32 get_r() { u32 ret = mod; for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) ret *= 2 - mod * ret; return ret; } static constexpr u32 r = get_r(); static constexpr u32 n2 = -u64(mod) % mod; static_assert(r * mod == 1, "invalid, r * mod != 1"); static_assert(mod < (1 << 30), "invalid, mod >= 2 ^ 30"); static_assert((mod & 1) == 1, "invalid, mod % 2 == 0"); u32 a; constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt() : a(0) {} constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt(const int64_t &b) : a(reduce(u64(b % mod + mod) * n2)){}; static constexpr u32 reduce(const u64 &b) { return (b + u64(u32(b) * u32(-r)) * mod) >> 32; } constexpr mint &operator+=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator-=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator*=(const mint &b) { a = reduce(u64(a) * b.a); return *this; } constexpr mint &operator/=(const mint &b) { *this *= b.inverse(); return *this; } constexpr mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; } constexpr mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; } constexpr mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; } constexpr mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; } constexpr bool operator==(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr bool operator!=(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - mint(*this); } constexpr mint pow(u64 n) const { mint ret(1), mul(*this); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } constexpr mint inverse() const { return pow(mod - 2); } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) { return os << b.get(); } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) { int64_t t; is >> t; b = LazyMontgomeryModInt(t); return (is); } constexpr u32 get() const { u32 ret = reduce(a); return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret; } static constexpr u32 get_mod() { return mod; } }; template struct NTT { static constexpr uint32_t get_pr() { uint32_t _mod = mint::get_mod(); using u64 = uint64_t; u64 ds[32] = {}; int idx = 0; u64 m = _mod - 1; for (u64 i = 2; i * i <= m; ++i) { if (m % i == 0) { ds[idx++] = i; while (m % i == 0) m /= i; } } if (m != 1) ds[idx++] = m; uint32_t _pr = 2; while (1) { int flg = 1; for (int i = 0; i < idx; ++i) { u64 a = _pr, b = (_mod - 1) / ds[i], r = 1; while (b) { if (b & 1) r = r * a % _mod; a = a * a % _mod; b >>= 1; } if (r == 1) { flg = 0; break; } } if (flg == 1) break; ++_pr; } return _pr; }; static constexpr uint32_t mod = mint::get_mod(); static constexpr uint32_t pr = get_pr(); static constexpr int level = __builtin_ctzll(mod - 1); mint dw[level], dy[level]; void setwy(int k) { mint w[level], y[level]; w[k - 1] = mint(pr).pow((mod - 1) / (1 << k)); y[k - 1] = w[k - 1].inverse(); for (int i = k - 2; i > 0; --i) w[i] = w[i + 1] * w[i + 1], y[i] = y[i + 1] * y[i + 1]; dw[1] = w[1], dy[1] = y[1], dw[2] = w[2], dy[2] = y[2]; for (int i = 3; i < k; ++i) { dw[i] = dw[i - 1] * y[i - 2] * w[i]; dy[i] = dy[i - 1] * w[i - 2] * y[i]; } } NTT() { setwy(level); } void fft4(vector &a, int k) { if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return; if (k == 1) { mint a1 = a[1]; a[1] = a[0] - a[1]; a[0] = a[0] + a1; return; } if (k & 1) { int v = 1 << (k - 1); for (int j = 0; j < v; ++j) { mint ajv = a[j + v]; a[j + v] = a[j] - ajv; a[j] += ajv; } } int u = 1 << (2 + (k & 1)); int v = 1 << (k - 2 - (k & 1)); mint one = mint(1); mint imag = dw[1]; while (v) { // jh = 0 { int j0 = 0; int j1 = v; int j2 = j1 + v; int j3 = j2 + v; for (; j0 < v; ++j0, ++j1, ++j2, ++j3) { mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j1], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j3]; mint t0p2 = t0 + t2, t1p3 = t1 + t3; mint t0m2 = t0 - t2, t1m3 = (t1 - t3) * imag; a[j0] = t0p2 + t1p3, a[j1] = t0p2 - t1p3; a[j2] = t0m2 + t1m3, a[j3] = t0m2 - t1m3; } } // jh >= 1 mint ww = one, xx = one * dw[2], wx = one; for (int jh = 4; jh < u;) { ww = xx * xx, wx = ww * xx; int j0 = jh * v; int je = j0 + v; int j2 = je + v; for (; j0 < je; ++j0, ++j2) { mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j0 + v] * xx, t2 = a[j2] * ww, t3 = a[j2 + v] * wx; mint t0p2 = t0 + t2, t1p3 = t1 + t3; mint t0m2 = t0 - t2, t1m3 = (t1 - t3) * imag; a[j0] = t0p2 + t1p3, a[j0 + v] = t0p2 - t1p3; a[j2] = t0m2 + t1m3, a[j2 + v] = t0m2 - t1m3; } xx *= dw[__builtin_ctzll((jh += 4))]; } u <<= 2; v >>= 2; } } void ifft4(vector &a, int k) { if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return; if (k == 1) { mint a1 = a[1]; a[1] = a[0] - a[1]; a[0] = a[0] + a1; return; } int u = 1 << (k - 2); int v = 1; mint one = mint(1); mint imag = dy[1]; while (u) { // jh = 0 { int j0 = 0; int j1 = v; int j2 = v + v; int j3 = j2 + v; for (; j0 < v; ++j0, ++j1, ++j2, ++j3) { mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j1], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j3]; mint t0p1 = t0 + t1, t2p3 = t2 + t3; mint t0m1 = t0 - t1, t2m3 = (t2 - t3) * imag; a[j0] = t0p1 + t2p3, a[j2] = t0p1 - t2p3; a[j1] = t0m1 + t2m3, a[j3] = t0m1 - t2m3; } } // jh >= 1 mint ww = one, xx = one * dy[2], yy = one; u <<= 2; for (int jh = 4; jh < u;) { ww = xx * xx, yy = xx * imag; int j0 = jh * v; int je = j0 + v; int j2 = je + v; for (; j0 < je; ++j0, ++j2) { mint t0 = a[j0], t1 = a[j0 + v], t2 = a[j2], t3 = a[j2 + v]; mint t0p1 = t0 + t1, t2p3 = t2 + t3; mint t0m1 = (t0 - t1) * xx, t2m3 = (t2 - t3) * yy; a[j0] = t0p1 + t2p3, a[j2] = (t0p1 - t2p3) * ww; a[j0 + v] = t0m1 + t2m3, a[j2 + v] = (t0m1 - t2m3) * ww; } xx *= dy[__builtin_ctzll(jh += 4)]; } u >>= 4; v <<= 2; } if (k & 1) { u = 1 << (k - 1); for (int j = 0; j < u; ++j) { mint ajv = a[j] - a[j + u]; a[j] += a[j + u]; a[j + u] = ajv; } } } void ntt(vector &a) { if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return; fft4(a, __builtin_ctz(a.size())); } void intt(vector &a) { if ((int)a.size() <= 1) return; ifft4(a, __builtin_ctz(a.size())); mint iv = mint(a.size()).inverse(); for (auto &x : a) x *= iv; } vector multiply(const vector &a, const vector &b) { int l = a.size() + b.size() - 1; if (min(a.size(), b.size()) <= 40) { vector s(l); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) for (int j = 0; j < (int)b.size(); ++j) s[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; return s; } int k = 2, M = 4; while (M < l) M <<= 1, ++k; setwy(k); vector s(M), t(M); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) s[i] = a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); ++i) t[i] = b[i]; fft4(s, k); fft4(t, k); for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) s[i] *= t[i]; ifft4(s, k); s.resize(l); mint invm = mint(M).inverse(); for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) s[i] *= invm; return s; } void ntt_doubling(vector &a) { int M = (int)a.size(); auto b = a; intt(b); mint r = 1, zeta = mint(pr).pow((mint::get_mod() - 1) / (M << 1)); for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) b[i] *= r, r *= zeta; ntt(b); copy(begin(b), end(b), back_inserter(a)); } }; namespace ArbitraryNTT { using i64 = int64_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; constexpr int32_t m0 = 167772161; constexpr int32_t m1 = 469762049; constexpr int32_t m2 = 754974721; using mint0 = LazyMontgomeryModInt; using mint1 = LazyMontgomeryModInt; using mint2 = LazyMontgomeryModInt; constexpr int r01 = mint1(m0).inverse().get(); constexpr int r02 = mint2(m0).inverse().get(); constexpr int r12 = mint2(m1).inverse().get(); constexpr int r02r12 = i64(r02) * r12 % m2; constexpr i64 w1 = m0; constexpr i64 w2 = i64(m0) * m1; template vector mul(const vector &a, const vector &b) { static NTT ntt; vector s(a.size()), t(b.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) s[i] = i64(a[i] % submint::get_mod()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); ++i) t[i] = i64(b[i] % submint::get_mod()); return ntt.multiply(s, t); } template vector multiply(const vector &s, const vector &t, int mod) { auto d0 = mul(s, t); auto d1 = mul(s, t); auto d2 = mul(s, t); int n = d0.size(); vector ret(n); const int W1 = w1 % mod; const int W2 = w2 % mod; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int n1 = d1[i].get(), n2 = d2[i].get(), a = d0[i].get(); int b = i64(n1 + m1 - a) * r01 % m1; int c = (i64(n2 + m2 - a) * r02r12 + i64(m2 - b) * r12) % m2; ret[i] = (i64(a) + i64(b) * W1 + i64(c) * W2) % mod; } return ret; } template vector multiply(const vector &a, const vector &b) { if (a.size() == 0 && b.size() == 0) return {}; if (min(a.size(), b.size()) < 128) { vector ret(a.size() + b.size() - 1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) for (int j = 0; j < (int)b.size(); ++j) ret[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; return ret; } vector s(a.size()), t(b.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); ++i) s[i] = a[i].get(); for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); ++i) t[i] = b[i].get(); vector u = multiply(s, t, mint::get_mod()); vector ret(u.size()); for (int i = 0; i < (int)u.size(); ++i) ret[i] = mint(u[i]); return ret; } template vector multiply_u128(const vector &s, const vector &t) { if (s.size() == 0 && t.size() == 0) return {}; if (min(s.size(), t.size()) < 128) { vector ret(s.size() + t.size() - 1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); ++i) for (int j = 0; j < (int)t.size(); ++j) ret[i + j] += i64(s[i]) * t[j]; return ret; } auto d0 = mul(s, t); auto d1 = mul(s, t); auto d2 = mul(s, t); int n = d0.size(); vector ret(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { i64 n1 = d1[i].get(), n2 = d2[i].get(); i64 a = d0[i].get(); u128 b = (n1 + m1 - a) * r01 % m1; u128 c = ((n2 + m2 - a) * r02r12 + (m2 - b) * r12) % m2; ret[i] = a + b * w1 + c * w2; } return ret; } } // namespace ArbitraryNTT namespace MultiPrecisionIntegerImpl { struct TENS { static constexpr int offset = 30; constexpr TENS() : _ten(), _tend() { _ten[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++) _ten[i] = _ten[i - 1] * 10; _tend[offset] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= offset; i++) { _tend[offset + i] = _tend[offset + i - 1] * 10.0; _tend[offset - i] = 1.0 / _tend[offset + i]; } } unsigned long long ten_ull(int n) const { assert(0 <= n and n < 20); return _ten[n]; } long double ten_ld(int n) const { assert(-offset <= n and n <= offset); return _tend[n + offset]; } // 桁数 template >* = nullptr> int digit(I n) const { int l = 0, r = 20; while (l + 1 < r) { int m = (l + r) / 2; (_ten[m] <= n ? l : r) = m; } return l + 1; } template || is_same_v>* = nullptr> int digit(I n) const { assert(n >= 0); return digit((unsigned long long)(n)); } private: unsigned long long _ten[20]; long double _tend[offset * 2 + 1]; }; } // namespace MultiPrecisionIntegerImpl // 0 は neg=false, dat={} として扱う struct MultiPrecisionInteger { using M = MultiPrecisionInteger; inline constexpr static MultiPrecisionIntegerImpl::TENS tens = {}; static constexpr int D = 1000000000; static constexpr int logD = 9; bool neg; vector dat; MultiPrecisionInteger() : neg(false), dat() {} MultiPrecisionInteger(bool n, const vector& d) : neg(n), dat(d) {} template || is_same_v>* = nullptr> MultiPrecisionInteger(I x) : neg(false) { if constexpr (is_signed_v or is_same_v) { if (x < 0) neg = true, x = -x; } while (x) dat.push_back(x % D), x /= D; } MultiPrecisionInteger(const string& S) : neg(false) { assert(!S.empty()); if (S.size() == 1u and S[0] == '0') return; int l = 0; if (S[0] == '-') ++l, neg = true; for (int ie = S.size(); l < ie; ie -= logD) { int is = max(l, ie - logD); long long x = 0; for (int i = is; i < ie; i++) x = x * 10 + S[i] - '0'; dat.push_back(x); } } friend M operator+(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { if (lhs.neg == rhs.neg) return {lhs.neg, _add(lhs.dat, rhs.dat)}; if (_leq(lhs.dat, rhs.dat)) { // |l| <= |r| auto c = _sub(rhs.dat, lhs.dat); bool n = _is_zero(c) ? false : rhs.neg; return {n, c}; } auto c = _sub(lhs.dat, rhs.dat); bool n = _is_zero(c) ? false : lhs.neg; return {n, c}; } friend M operator-(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { return lhs + (-rhs); } friend M operator*(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { auto c = _mul(lhs.dat, rhs.dat); bool n = _is_zero(c) ? false : (lhs.neg ^ rhs.neg); return {n, c}; } friend pair divmod(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { auto dm = _divmod(lhs.dat, rhs.dat); bool dn = _is_zero(dm.first) ? false : lhs.neg != rhs.neg; bool mn = _is_zero(dm.second) ? false : lhs.neg; return {M{dn, dm.first}, M{mn, dm.second}}; } friend M operator/(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { return divmod(lhs, rhs).first; } friend M operator%(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { return divmod(lhs, rhs).second; } M& operator+=(const M& rhs) { return (*this) = (*this) + rhs; } M& operator-=(const M& rhs) { return (*this) = (*this) - rhs; } M& operator*=(const M& rhs) { return (*this) = (*this) * rhs; } M& operator/=(const M& rhs) { return (*this) = (*this) / rhs; } M& operator%=(const M& rhs) { return (*this) = (*this) % rhs; } M operator-() const { if (is_zero()) return *this; return {!neg, dat}; } M operator+() const { return *this; } friend M abs(const M& m) { return {false, m.dat}; } bool is_zero() const { return _is_zero(dat); } friend bool operator==(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { return lhs.neg == rhs.neg && lhs.dat == rhs.dat; } friend bool operator!=(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { return lhs.neg != rhs.neg || lhs.dat != rhs.dat; } friend bool operator<(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { if (lhs == rhs) return false; return _neq_lt(lhs, rhs); } friend bool operator<=(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { if (lhs == rhs) return true; return _neq_lt(lhs, rhs); } friend bool operator>(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { if (lhs == rhs) return false; return _neq_lt(rhs, lhs); } friend bool operator>=(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { if (lhs == rhs) return true; return _neq_lt(rhs, lhs); } // a * 10^b (1 <= |a| < 10) の形で渡す // 相対誤差:10^{-16} ~ 10^{-19} 程度 (処理系依存) pair dfp() const { if (is_zero()) return {0, 0}; int l = max(0, _size() - 3); int b = logD * l; string prefix{}; for (int i = _size() - 1; i >= l; i--) { prefix += _itos(dat[i], i != _size() - 1); } b += prefix.size() - 1; long double a = 0; for (auto& c : prefix) a = a * 10.0 + (c - '0'); a *= tens.ten_ld(-prefix.size() + 1); a = clamp(a, 1.0, nextafterl(10.0, 1.0)); if (neg) a = -a; return {a, b}; } string to_string() const { if (is_zero()) return "0"; string res; if (neg) res.push_back('-'); for (int i = _size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { res += _itos(dat[i], i != _size() - 1); } return res; } long double to_ld() const { auto [a, b] = dfp(); if (-tens.offset <= b and b <= tens.offset) { return a * tens.ten_ld(b); } return a * powl(10, b); } long long to_ll() const { long long res = _to_ll(dat); return neg ? -res : res; } __int128_t to_i128() const { __int128_t res = _to_i128(dat); return neg ? -res : res; } friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, M& m) { string s; is >> s; m = M{s}; return is; } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const M& m) { return os << m.to_string(); } // 内部の関数をテスト static void _test_private_function(const M&, const M&); private: // size int _size() const { return dat.size(); } // a == b static bool _eq(const vector& a, const vector& b) { return a == b; } // a < b static bool _lt(const vector& a, const vector& b) { if (a.size() != b.size()) return a.size() < b.size(); for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (a[i] != b[i]) return a[i] < b[i]; } return false; } // a <= b static bool _leq(const vector& a, const vector& b) { return _eq(a, b) || _lt(a, b); } // a < b (s.t. a != b) static bool _neq_lt(const M& lhs, const M& rhs) { assert(lhs != rhs); if (lhs.neg != rhs.neg) return lhs.neg; bool f = _lt(lhs.dat, rhs.dat); if (f) return !lhs.neg; return lhs.neg; } // a == 0 static bool _is_zero(const vector& a) { return a.empty(); } // a == 1 static bool _is_one(const vector& a) { return (int)a.size() == 1 and a[0] == 1; } // 末尾 0 を削除 static void _shrink(vector& a) { while (a.size() && a.back() == 0) a.pop_back(); } // 末尾 0 を削除 void _shrink() { while (_size() && dat.back() == 0) dat.pop_back(); } // a + b static vector _add(const vector& a, const vector& b) { vector c(max(a.size(), b.size()) + 1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) c[i] += a[i]; for (int i = 0; i < (int)b.size(); i++) c[i] += b[i]; for (int i = 0; i < (int)c.size() - 1; i++) { if (c[i] >= D) c[i] -= D, c[i + 1]++; } _shrink(c); return c; } // a - b static vector _sub(const vector& a, const vector& b) { assert(_leq(b, a)); vector c{a}; int borrow = 0; for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) { if (i < (int)b.size()) borrow += b[i]; c[i] -= borrow; borrow = 0; if (c[i] < 0) c[i] += D, borrow = 1; } assert(borrow == 0); _shrink(c); return c; } // a * b (fft) static vector _mul_fft(const vector& a, const vector& b) { if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {}; auto m = ArbitraryNTT::multiply_u128(a, b); vector c; c.reserve(m.size() + 3); __uint128_t x = 0; for (int i = 0;; i++) { if (i >= (int)m.size() && x == 0) break; if (i < (int)m.size()) x += m[i]; c.push_back(x % D); x /= D; } _shrink(c); return c; } // a * b (naive) static vector _mul_naive(const vector& a, const vector& b) { if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {}; vector prod(a.size() + b.size() - 1 + 1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < (int)b.size(); j++) { long long p = 1LL * a[i] * b[j]; prod[i + j + 0] += p % D; prod[i + j + 1] += p / D; } } vector c; long long x = 0; for (int i = 0;; i++) { if (i >= (int)prod.size() && x == 0) break; if (i < (int)prod.size()) x += prod[i]; c.push_back(x % D); x /= D; } _shrink(c); return c; } // a * b static vector _mul(const vector& a, const vector& b) { if (_is_zero(a) or _is_zero(b)) return {}; if (_is_one(a)) return b; if (_is_one(b)) return a; if (min(a.size(), b.size()) <= 128) { return a.size() < b.size() ? _mul_naive(b, a) : _mul_naive(a, b); } return _mul_fft(a, b); } // 0 <= A < 1e18, 1 <= B < 1e9 static pair, vector> _divmod_li(const vector& a, const vector& b) { assert(0 <= (int)a.size() and (int) a.size() <= 2); assert((int)b.size() == 1); long long va = _to_ll(a); int vb = b[0]; return {_integer_to_vec(va / vb), _integer_to_vec(va % vb)}; } // 0 <= A < 1e18, 1 <= B < 1e18 static pair, vector> _divmod_ll(const vector& a, const vector& b) { assert(0 <= (int)a.size() and (int) a.size() <= 2); assert(1 <= (int)b.size() and (int) b.size() <= 2); long long va = _to_ll(a), vb = _to_ll(b); return {_integer_to_vec(va / vb), _integer_to_vec(va % vb)}; } // 1 <= B < 1e9 static pair, vector> _divmod_1e9(const vector& a, const vector& b) { assert((int)b.size() == 1); if (b[0] == 1) return {a, {}}; if ((int)a.size() <= 2) return _divmod_li(a, b); vector quo(a.size()); long long d = 0; int b0 = b[0]; for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { d = d * D + a[i]; assert(d < 1LL * D * b0); int q = d / b0, r = d % b0; quo[i] = q, d = r; } _shrink(quo); return {quo, d ? vector{int(d)} : vector{}}; } // 0 <= A, 1 <= B static pair, vector> _divmod(const vector& a, const vector& b) { if (_is_zero(b)) { cerr << "Divide by Zero Exception" << endl; exit(1); } assert(1 <= (int)b.size()); if ((int)b.size() == 1) return _divmod_1e9(a, b); if (max(a.size(), b.size()) <= 2) return _divmod_ll(a, b); if (_lt(a, b)) return {{}, a}; // B >= 1e9, A >= B int norm = D / (b.back() + 1); vector x = _mul(a, {norm}); vector y = _mul(b, {norm}); int yb = y.back(); vector quo(x.size() - y.size() + 1); vector rem(x.end() - y.size(), x.end()); for (int i = quo.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (rem.size() < y.size()) { // do nothing } else if (rem.size() == y.size()) { if (_leq(y, rem)) { quo[i] = 1, rem = _sub(rem, y); } } else { assert(y.size() + 1 == rem.size()); long long rb = 1LL * rem[rem.size() - 1] * D + rem[rem.size() - 2]; int q = rb / yb; vector yq = _mul(y, {q}); // 真の商は q-2 以上 q+1 以下だが自信が無いので念のため while を回す while (_lt(rem, yq)) q--, yq = _sub(yq, y); rem = _sub(rem, yq); while (_leq(y, rem)) q++, rem = _sub(rem, y); quo[i] = q; } if (i) rem.insert(begin(rem), x[i - 1]); } _shrink(quo), _shrink(rem); auto [q2, r2] = _divmod_1e9(rem, {norm}); assert(_is_zero(r2)); return {quo, q2}; } // int -> string // 先頭かどうかに応じて zero padding するかを決める static string _itos(int x, bool zero_padding) { assert(0 <= x and x < D); string res; for (int i = 0; i < logD; i++) { res.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10; } if (!zero_padding) { while (res.size() && res.back() == '0') res.pop_back(); assert(!res.empty()); } reverse(begin(res), end(res)); return res; } // convert ll to vec template || is_same_v>* = nullptr> static vector _integer_to_vec(I x) { if constexpr (is_signed_v or is_same_v) { assert(x >= 0); } vector res; while (x) res.push_back(x % D), x /= D; return res; } static long long _to_ll(const vector& a) { long long res = 0; for (int i = (int)a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) res = res * D + a[i]; return res; } static __int128_t _to_i128(const vector& a) { __int128_t res = 0; for (int i = (int)a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) res = res * D + a[i]; return res; } static void _dump(const vector& a, string s = "") { if (!s.empty()) cerr << s << " : "; cerr << "{ "; for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) cerr << a[i] << ", "; cerr << "}" << endl; } }; using bigint = MultiPrecisionInteger; /** * @brief 多倍長整数 */ namespace GarnerImpl { template constexpr T safe_mod(T x, T m) { x %= m; if (x < 0) x += m; return x; } template constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(T a, T b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; T s = b, t = a; T m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { T u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } template T inv_mod(T x, T m) { assert(1 <= m); auto z = inv_gcd(x, m); assert(z.first == 1); return z.second; } bigint garner_bigint(const vector& a, const vector& m) { int ms = a.size(); vector coffs(ms, 1), constants(ms), digs(ms); for (int i = 0; i < ms; ++i) { long long v = (a[i] - constants[i]) * inv_mod(coffs[i], m[i]) % m[i]; if (v < 0) v += m[i]; digs[i] = v; for (int j = i + 1; j < ms; j++) { constants[j] += coffs[j] * v; constants[j] %= m[j]; coffs[j] *= m[i]; coffs[j] %= m[j]; } } bigint ans = bigint{0}, c = bigint{1}; for (int i = ms - 1; i >= 0; --i) { c *= bigint{m[i]}; ans *= bigint{m[i]}; ans += bigint{digs[i]}; } if (ans > c / 2) ans -= c; if (ans < 0) ans += c; return ans; } bigint crt_bigint(const vector& a, const vector& m) { return garner_bigint(a, m); } } // namespace Garner using GarnerImpl::crt_bigint; using GarnerImpl::garner_bigint; // template struct Matrix { using Array = array, H>; Array A; Matrix() : A() { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) (*this)[i][j] = T(); } int height() const { return H; } int width() const { return W; } inline const array &operator[](int k) const { return A[k]; } inline array &operator[](int k) { return A[k]; } static Matrix I() { assert(H == W); Matrix mat; for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) mat[i][i] = 1; return (mat); } Matrix &operator+=(const Matrix &B) { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) A[i][j] += B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator-=(const Matrix &B) { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) A[i][j] -= B[i][j]; return (*this); } Matrix &operator*=(const Matrix &B) { assert(H == W); Matrix C; for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int k = 0; k < H; k++) for (int j = 0; j < H; j++) C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j]; A.swap(C.A); return (*this); } Matrix &operator^=(long long k) { Matrix B = Matrix::I(); while (k > 0) { if (k & 1) B *= *this; *this *= *this; k >>= 1LL; } A.swap(B.A); return (*this); } Matrix operator+(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) += B); } Matrix operator-(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) -= B); } Matrix operator*(const Matrix &B) const { return (Matrix(*this) *= B); } Matrix operator^(const long long k) const { return (Matrix(*this) ^= k); } bool operator==(const Matrix &B) const { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) if (A[i][j] != B[i][j]) return false; return true; } bool operator!=(const Matrix &B) const { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) if (A[i][j] != B[i][j]) return true; return false; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os,const Matrix &p) { for (int i = 0; i < H; i++) { os << "["; for (int j = 0; j < W; j++) { os << p[i][j] << (j + 1 == W ? "]\n" : ","); } } return (os); } T determinant(int n = -1) { if (n == -1) n = H; Matrix B(*this); T ret = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int idx = -1; for (int j = i; j < n; j++) { if (B[j][i] != 0) { idx = j; break; } } if (idx == -1) return 0; if (i != idx) { ret *= T(-1); swap(B[i], B[idx]); } ret *= B[i][i]; T inv = T(1) / B[i][i]; for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { B[i][j] *= inv; } for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { T a = B[j][i]; if (a == 0) continue; for (int k = i; k < n; k++) { B[j][k] -= B[i][k] * a; } } } return (ret); } }; /** * @brief 行列ライブラリ(std::array版) */ using namespace Nyaan; using Mat = Matrix; // a^n template T power( const T& a, U n, const T& I, const function& f = [](const T& s, const T& t) { return s * t; }) { assert(n >= 0); if (n == 0) return I; T half = power(a, n / 2, I, f); T res = f(half, half); return n % 2 ? f(res, a) : res; } void Nyaan::solve() { int l; cin >> l; if (l == 2) die("3\nINF"); cout << l << endl; Mat A, I; A[0][0] = A[0][1] = A[1][0] = 1; I[0][0] = I[1][1] = 1; // trc(A); // trc(I); // trc(power(A, l, I)); if (l & 1) { cout << power(A, l, I)[1][0] << endl; } else { auto B = power(A, l / 2, I); auto X = (B * B)[1][0]; auto Y = B[1][0]; cout << X - Y * Y << endl; } }