#pragma GCC target("avx2") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define PC(x) __builtin_popcount(x) #define PCL(x) __builtin_popcountll(x) using namespace std; typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef pair pii; typedef pair pll; template bool chmax(T& a, const T& b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template bool chmin(T& a, const T& b) { if (b < a) { a = b; return true; } return false; } const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846; const double PI2 = PI * 2.0; const double EPS = 1E-09; const ll MOD = 1E+09 + 7; // =998244353; const ll INFL = 1E18; const int INFI = 1E09; const int MAX_N = 2E+05; struct edge { int to, cost, id; }; ll di[4] = { 0, -1, 0, 1 }, dj[4] = { 1, 0, -1, 0 }; struct unionfind { vector par, t_rank, siz; vector> group; unionfind(int n) // n要素で初期化(1-indexed) : par(n + 1) , t_rank(n + 1) , siz(n + 1) , group(n + 1) { // n要素で初期化 // 1-indexedになっているので0-indexedで使いたいときは注意 for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) { par[i] = i; siz[i] = 1; t_rank[i] = 0; group[i].push_back(i); } } // 木の根を求める int find(int x) { if (par[x] == x) { return x; } else { return par[x] = find(par[x]); } } // xとyの属する集合を併合 void unite(int x, int y) { x = find(x); y = find(y); if (x == y) return; if (siz[x] < siz[y]) { par[x] = y; siz[y] += siz[x]; for (int i : group[x]) { group[y].emplace_back(i); } } else { par[y] = x; siz[x] += siz[y]; if (t_rank[x] == t_rank[y]) t_rank[x]++; for (int i : group[y]) { group[x].emplace_back(i); } } } // xとyが同じ集合に属するか否か bool same(int x, int y) { return find(x) == find(y); } // xの属するグループのサイズを求める int size(int x) { return siz[find(x)]; } }; int N, M, Q; int C[MAX_N + 1], D[MAX_N + 1], ans[MAX_N + 1]; int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cin >> N >> M >> Q; set st; for (int i = 1; i <= M; ++i) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; st.insert({ a, b }); } for (int i = 1; i <= Q; ++i) { cin >> C[i] >> D[i]; st.erase({ C[i], D[i] }); } fill(ans + 1, ans + N + 1, 0); unionfind uft(N); for (const auto& [u, v] : st) { uft.unite(u, v); } for (int i : uft.group[uft.find(1)]) { ans[i] = -1; } for (int i = Q; i >= 1; --i) { int c = C[i], d = D[i]; if (!uft.same(c, d)) { int v = 0; if (uft.same(c, 1)) v = d; else if (uft.same(d, 1)) v = c; if (v != 0) { for (int j : uft.group[uft.find(v)]) { ans[j] = i; } } } uft.unite(c, d); } for (int i = 2; i <= N; ++i) { cout << ans[i] << "\n"; } return 0; }