#include <bits/extc++.h>
#include <atcoder/all>

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<int(n);i++)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<=int(b);i++)
#define ALL(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define INF INT_MAX
#define INFL LLONG_MAX / 4
using namespace atcoder;
using mint = modint998244353;
template<typename T> void chmin(T& a, T b) { a = min(a, b); }
template<typename T> void chmax(T& a, T b) { a = max(a, b); }
#define PR(x) cerr << #x << "=" << x << endl
using i128 = __int128_t;

int main() {
  int t;
  cin >> t;
  while(t--) {
    ll x, y;
    cin >> x >> y;

    while(x >> y & 1) {
      y++;
    }
    cout << (1ll << y) - 1 << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}