#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<atcoder/all>
using namespace std;
using namespace atcoder;

typedef modint998244353 mint;
typedef long long ll;

#define rep(i, s, n) for (int i = (int)(s); i < (int)(n); i++)
#define rrep(i, s, n) for (int i = (int)(n)-1; i >= (int)(s); i--)

template <typename T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) {
	if (a <= b) return false;
	a = b;
	return true;
}
template <typename T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) {
	if (a >= b) return false;
	a = b;
	return true;
}

void solve(){
	ll x; int y; cin >> x >> y;
	while (y < 60 && (x >> (y+1) & 1)){
		y++;
	}
	cout << (((ll)1 << y+1) - 1) << endl;
}

int main(){
	ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(NULL);
	
	int t; cin >> t;
	while(t--) solve();
}