t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
	x,y = map(int,input().split())
	dif = (1<<y+1) - x % (1<<y+1) - 1
	x += dif
	
	ans = 1<<y
	for i in range(y+1,60):
		if x >> i & 1:
			ans += 1<<i
		else:
			break
	for i in range(y)[::-1]:
		if x >> i & 1:
			ans += 1<<i
		else:
			break
	print(ans)