#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int,int> P;
#define REP(i,n) for(int i=0;i<int(n);i++)


int main(void){
	cin.tie(nullptr);  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
	ll i,j,k;

	int T;
	cin >> T;
	while(T--){

		ll x,y;
		cin >> x >> y;

		ll p;
		for(j=y;j<=60;j++){
			if((x & (1LL<<j))==0LL){
				p=j;
				break;
			}
		}

		cout << (1LL<<p)-1 << endl;

	}

	return 0;
}