#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--) {
        long long x;
        int y;
        cin >> x >> y;
        while ((x >> (y + 1)) & 1) ++y;
        cout << (2LL << y) - 1 << '\n';
    }
}