#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)

ll calc(ll x,ll y){
    int bins[65],i = 0;
    rep(_,65){
        if (x > 0){
        bins[i] = x % 2;
        x /= 2;
        i++;
        }else break;
    } 
    while(y < i && bins[y] == 1)y++;
    return pow(2,y) - 1;
}

int main(){
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    ll results[T];
    rep(i,T){
        ll x,y;
        cin >> x >> y;
        results[i] = calc(x,y);
    }
    rep(i,T){
        cout << results[i] << endl;
    }
}