#include using namespace std; #include using namespace atcoder; #define int long long // #define endl "\n" #ifndef _LOCAL #pragma GCC optimize("-O3") // #pragma GCC target("avx2") // #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") #endif void solve(); typedef long long ll; typedef __int128_t LL; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef double db; typedef long double ld; typedef pair pi; typedef pair> pip; typedef vector vi; typedef vector vd; typedef vector vb; typedef vector vs; typedef vector vc; typedef vector> vp; typedef vector> vvi; typedef vector> vvd; typedef vector> vvb; typedef vector> vvs; typedef vector> vvc; typedef vector>> vvp; typedef vector>> vvvi; typedef vector>>> vvvvi; template using vec = vector; template using vv = vector>; template using vvv = vector>>; template using vvvv = vector>>>; template using pq = priority_queue; template using pqg = priority_queue, greater>; template using mset = multiset; template using uset = unordered_set; template using umap = unordered_map; #define _PI 3.14159265358979323846 #define _E 2.7182818284590452354 #define fi first #define se second #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define mp make_pair #define bg begin() #define ed end() #define mt make_tuple #define td typedef #define elif else if #define ifnot(x) if(!(x)) #define si(x) (int)((x).size()) #define all(obj) (obj).begin(), (obj).end() #define rall(obj) (obj).rbegin(), (obj).rend() #define lb(v, a) (lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v)) #define ub(v, a) (upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v)) #define inr(l, x, r) (l <= x && x < r) #define cbit(x) __builtin_popcountll(x) #define tbit(t) (t == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(t)) #define bbit(t) (t == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(t)) #define gb(msk, i) ((msk) >> (i) & 1) #define mask(x) ((1LL << (x)) - 1) #define setbits(i, n) \ for(int j_ = (n), i = bbit(j_); j_; j_ ^= 1LL << i, i = bbit(j_)) #define rep1(a) \ for(int NEVER_USE_VARIABLE = 0; NEVER_USE_VARIABLE < (int)a; \ NEVER_USE_VARIABLE++) #define rep2(i, a) for(int i = 0; i < (int)a; i++) #define rep3(i, a, b) for(int i = a; i < (int)b; i++) #define rep4(i, a, b, c) for(int i = a; i < (int)b; i += c) #define overload4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define rep(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, rep4, rep3, rep2, rep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define rrep1(n) for(ll NEVER_USE_VARIABLE = n; NEVER_USE_VARIABLE--;) #define rrep2(i, n) for(ll i = n; i--;) #define rrep3(i, a, b) for(ll i = b; i-- > (a);) #define rrep4(i, a, b, c) \ for(ll i = (a) + ((b) - (a)-1) / (c) * (c); i >= (a); i -= c) #define rrep(...) \ overload4(__VA_ARGS__, rrep4, rrep3, rrep2, rrep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define reps(i, a) for(int i = 0; i < (int)a.size(); i++) #define rreps(i, a) for(int i = (int)a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) #define fore1(i, a) for(auto &&i : a) #define fore2(x, y, a) for(auto &&[x, y] : a) #define fore3(x, y, z, a) for(auto &&[x, y, z] : a) #define fore(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, fore3, fore2, fore1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define ryes return yes(); #define rno return no(); #define rerr return err(); istream &operator>>(istream &is, modint998244353 &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const modint998244353 &a) { return os << a.val(); } istream &operator>>(istream &is, modint1000000007 &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const modint1000000007 &a) { return os << a.val(); } // 十進数からb進数へ template string to_baseB(T x, int b = 10) { string ans; do { int num = x % b; ans = (char)((num <= 9) ? ('0' + num) : ('A' + num - 10)) + ans; x /= b; } while(x != 0); return ans; } // b進数から十進数へ long long to_base10(const string &x, int b = 10) { long long ans = 0, base = 1; for(int i = x.length() - 1; i >= 0; --i) { int num = ('0' <= x[i] && x[i] <= '9') ? (x[i] - '0') : (x[i] - 'A' + 10); ans += base * num; base *= b; } return ans; } ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, const __int128_t &p) { s << to_baseB(p); return s; } istream &operator>>(istream &is, __int128_t &v) { string s; is >> s; v = 0; for(int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { if(isdigit(s[i])) { v = v * 10 + s[i] - '0'; } } if(s[0] == '-') { v *= -1; } return is; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p) { os << p.first << "," << p.second; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, set P) { fore(it, P) { s << it << " "; } return s; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, map P) { fore(x, y, P) { s << "<" << x << "->" << y << "> "; } return s; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, multiset P) { fore(it, P) { s << it << " "; } return s; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, unordered_set P) { fore(it, P) { s << it << " "; } return s; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &s, unordered_map P) { fore(x, y, P) { s << "<" << x << "->" << y << "> "; } return s; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v) { for(auto &e : v) is >> e; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v) { for(auto &e : v) os << e << ' '; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector> &v) { for(auto &e : v) { for(auto &c : e) os << c << ' '; os << endl; } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array &a) { return os << vector(all(a)); } template void print_tuple(ostream &, const T &) {} template void print_tuple(ostream &os, const T &t) { if(i) os << ","; os << get(t); print_tuple(os, t); } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple &t) { print_tuple<0, tuple, Args...>(os, t); return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, queue q) { while(!q.empty()) { os << q.front() << ' '; q.pop(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, stack q) { while(!q.empty()) { os << q.top() << ' '; q.pop(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, deque q) { while(!q.empty()) { os << q.front() << ' '; q.pop_front(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, priority_queue q) { while(!q.empty()) { os << q.top() << ' '; q.pop(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, priority_queue, greater> q) { while(!q.empty()) { os << q.top() << ' '; q.pop(); } return os; } template vector &operator++(vector &v) { for(auto &e : v) e++; return v; } template vector operator++(vector &v, signed) { auto res = v; for(auto &e : v) e++; return res; } template vector &operator--(vector &v) { for(auto &e : v) e--; return v; } template vector operator--(vector &v, signed) { auto res = v; for(auto &e : v) e--; return res; } template pair &operator+=(pair &a, pair b) { a.first += b.first; a.second += b.second; return a; } template pair &operator-=(pair &a, pair b) { a.first -= b.first; a.second -= b.second; return a; } template pair operator+(pair a, pair b) { return make_pair(a.first + b.first, a.second + b.second); } template pair operator-(pair a, pair b) { return make_pair(a.first - b.first, a.second - b.second); } // debug methods // usage: debug(x,y); #define CHOOSE(a) CHOOSE2 a #define CHOOSE2(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, x, ...) x #define debug_1(x1) cout << #x1 << ": " << x1 << endl #define debug_2(x1, x2) \ cout << #x1 << ": " << x1 << ", " #x2 << ": " << x2 << endl #define debug_3(x1, x2, x3) \ cout << #x1 << ": " << x1 << ", " #x2 << ": " << x2 << ", " #x3 << ": " \ << x3 << endl #define debug_4(x1, x2, x3, x4) \ cout << #x1 << ": " << x1 << ", " #x2 << ": " << x2 << ", " #x3 << ": " \ << x3 << ", " #x4 << ": " << x4 << endl #define debug_5(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) \ cout << #x1 << ": " << x1 << ", " #x2 << ": " << x2 << ", " #x3 << ": " \ << x3 << ", " #x4 << ": " << x4 << ", " #x5 << ": " << x5 << endl #ifdef _DEBUG #define debug(...) \ CHOOSE((__VA_ARGS__, debug_5, debug_4, debug_3, debug_2, debug_1, ~)) \ (__VA_ARGS__) #else #define debug(...) #endif void out() { cout << endl; } template void out(const T &a) { cout << a; cout << endl; } template void out(const T &a, const Ts &...b) { cout << a; (cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b)); cout << endl; } void ofs_in(ostream &ofs) { ofs << endl; } template void ofs_in(ostream &ofs, const T &a) { ofs << a; ofs << endl; } template void ofs_in(ostream &ofs, const T &a, const Ts &...b) { ofs << a; (ofs << ... << (ofs << ' ', b)); ofs << endl; } #define rout_1(x1) return out(x1) #define rout_2(x1, x2) return out(x1, x2) #define rout_3(x1, x2, x3) return out(x1, x2, x3) #define rout_4(x1, x2, x3, x4) return out(x1, x2, x3, x4) #define rout_5(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) return out(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) #define rout(...) \ CHOOSE((__VA_ARGS__, rout_5, rout_4, rout_3, rout_2, rout_1, ~)) \ (__VA_ARGS__) struct fast_ios { fast_ios() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(12); }; } fast_ios_; template struct Binomial { int p; int MAX; vector fac, finv, inv; // テーブルを作る前処理 Binomial(int p_, int n = 1) : p(p_), MAX(1), fac(2), finv(2), inv(2) { fac[0] = fac[1] = 1; finv[0] = finv[1] = 1; inv[1] = 1; if(n != 1) build(n); } void build(int new_max) { MAX++; fac.resize(new_max + 1); inv.resize(new_max + 1); finv.resize(new_max + 1); for(; MAX <= new_max; MAX++) { fac[MAX] = fac[MAX - 1] * MAX % p; inv[MAX] = p - inv[p % MAX] * (p / MAX) % p; finv[MAX] = finv[MAX - 1] * inv[MAX] % p; } MAX--; } // nCk T mod_comb(int n, int k) { if(n < k) return 0; if(n < 0 || k < 0) return 0; if(n > MAX) build(n); return fac[n] * (finv[k] * finv[n - k] % p) % p; } T operator()(int n, int k) { return mod_comb(n, k); } // nPk T mod_perm(int n, int k) { if(n < k) return 0; if(n < 0 || k < 0) return 0; if(n > MAX) build(n); return fac[n] * finv[n - k] % p; } // n! T operator[](int n) { if(n > MAX) build(n); return fac[n]; } // 1/n! T operator()(int n) { if(n > MAX) build(n); return finv[n]; } }; template struct modpow { long long x, m; int n; vector d; modpow(long long x) : x(x), n(1), d(1, 1) {} T operator[](int i) { while(n <= i) d.push_back(d.back() * x), ++n; return d[i]; } }; modpow two(2), ten(10); /* 座標圧縮 https://youtu.be/fR3W5IcBGLQ?t=8550 を参考に (T x):xが何番目か [T i]:i番目の値 */ template struct CC { bool initialized; vector xs; CC() : initialized(false) {} CC(vector v) : initialized(false) { for(auto x : v) xs.push_back(x); } void add(T x) { xs.push_back(x); } void add(vector v) { for(auto x : v) xs.push_back(x); } void init() { sort(xs.begin(), xs.end()); xs.erase(unique(xs.begin(), xs.end()), xs.end()); initialized = true; } int operator()(T x) { if(!initialized) init(); return upper_bound(xs.begin(), xs.end(), x) - xs.begin() - 1; } T operator[](int i) { if(!initialized) init(); return xs[i]; } int size() { if(!initialized) init(); return xs.size(); } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const CC &cc) { for(int i = 0; i < (int)cc.xs.size(); i++) { os << cc.xs[i] << " "; } os << endl; return (os); } }; struct RandomNumberGenerator { mt19937 engine; RandomNumberGenerator(int seed = -1) { if(seed == -1) engine = mt19937(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); else engine = mt19937(seed); } long long operator()(long long a, long long b) { // [a, b) uniform_int_distribution dist(a, b - 1); return dist(engine); } long long operator()(long long b) { // [0, b) return (*this)(0, b); } long long operator()() { return (*this)(0, 1LL << 60); } double operator[](double a) { return (double)(*this)(0, 1LL << 60) / (1LL << 60) * a; } double normal_dist(double sigma, double mean = 0) { std::normal_distribution<> dist(mean, sigma); return dist(engine); } } rnd; clock_t start_time = clock(); double now_time() { clock_t end_time = clock(); return (double)(end_time - start_time) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; } template auto mv(const size_t (&d)[n], const T &init) noexcept { if constexpr(idx < n) return std::vector(d[idx], mv(d, init)); else return init; } template auto mv(const size_t (&d)[n]) noexcept { return mv(d, T{}); } template void rnd_shuffle(vector &v) { shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), rnd.engine); } template T sample(T v, int n) { T res; sample(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(res), n, rnd.engine); return res; } template long long bin_search(long long ok, long long ng, const F &f) { while(abs(ok - ng) > 1) { long long mid = (ok + ng) >> 1; (f(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } template T bin_search_double(T ok, T ng, const F &f, int iter = 90) { while(iter--) { T mid = (ok + ng) / 2; (f(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } void read_edges(vector> &g, int m = -1, int bidirected = true) { if(m == -1) m = g.size() - 1; for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; g[u].push_back(v); if(bidirected) g[v].push_back(u); } } vector counter(vector &v, int mx = -1) { if(mx == -1) mx = *max_element(v.begin(), v.end()); vector res(mx + 1); for(auto x : v) res[x]++; return res; } template > map map_counter(U &v) { map res; for(auto x : v) res[x]++; return res; } vector iota(int n, int s = 0) { vi a(n); iota(a.begin(), a.end(), s); return a; } template void sort(T &v) { sort(all(v)); } template void rsort(T &v) { sort(rall(v)); } template void reverse(T &v) { reverse(all(v)); } template auto max(const T &a) { return *max_element(a.begin(), a.end()); } template auto min(const T &a) { return *min_element(a.begin(), a.end()); } template int argmax(const T &a) { return max_element(a.begin(), a.end()) - a.begin(); } template int argmin(const T &a) { return min_element(a.begin(), a.end()) - a.begin(); } long long max(signed x, long long y) { return max((long long)x, y); } long long max(long long x, signed y) { return max(x, (long long)y); } long long min(signed x, long long y) { return min((long long)x, y); } long long min(long long x, signed y) { return min(x, (long long)y); } template bool chmax(T &a, const S &b) { if(a < (T)b) { a = (T)b; return 1; } return 0; } template bool chmin(T &a, const S &b) { if((T)b < a) { a = (T)b; return 1; } return 0; } template vector argsort(vector v, bool ascending_order = true) { vector res(v.size()); iota(res.begin(), res.end(), 0); if(ascending_order) sort(res.begin(), res.end(), [&](int i, int j) { return v[i] < v[j]; }); else sort(res.begin(), res.end(), [&](int i, int j) { return v[i] > v[j]; }); return res; } template T sumv(vector &v) { T res = 0; int n = v.size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res += v[i]; return res; } template vector uniq(vector v) { sort(v.begin(), v.end()); v.erase(unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()); return v; } template vector compress(vector v) { vector v2(v.size()); v2 = v; sort(v.begin(), v.end()); v.erase(unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()); for(int i = 0; i < (int)v2.size(); i++) { v2[i] = lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), v2[i]) - v.begin(); } return v2; } vector inverse(vector &p) { int n = p.size(); vector inv(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) inv[p[i]] = i; return inv; } template vector> idx_pair(vector &a) { int n = a.size(); vector> res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i] = {a[i], i}; return res; } template vector acc0(vector &v) { vector res(v.size()); if((int)v.size() == 0) return res; res[0] = v[0]; for(int i = 1; i < (int)v.size(); i++) { res[i] = res[i - 1] + v[i]; } return res; } template vector acc1(vector &v) { vector res(v.size() + 1); for(int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) { res[i + 1] = res[i] + v[i]; } return res; } template vector> acc0(vector> v) { int h = v.size(), w = v[0].size(); for(int i = 0; i < h; i++) { for(int j = 1; j < w; j++) { v[i][j] += v[i][j - 1]; } } for(int i = 1; i < h; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < w; j++) { v[i][j] += v[i - 1][j]; } } return v; } template vector> acc1(vector> &v) { int h = v.size(), w = v[0].size(); vector> res(h + 1, vector(w + 1)); for(int i = 0; i < h; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < w; j++) { res[i + 1][j + 1] = v[i][j] + res[i + 1][j]; } } for(int i = 0; i < h; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < w; j++) { res[i + 1][j + 1] += res[i][j + 1]; } } return res; } template void erase1(multiset &st, int x) { auto it = st.find(x); assert(it != st.end()); st.erase(it); } long long exp(long long x, int n) { long long res = 1; while(n > 0) { if(n & 1) res = res * x; x = x * x; n >>= 1; } return res; } __int128_t abs(const __int128_t &x) { return x > 0 ? x : -x; } bool ispow2(int i) { return i && (i & -i) == i; } int countDigits(long long n) { string tmp = to_string(n); return (int)tmp.size(); } template T sq(T n) { return n * n; } long long ceil(long long x, long long y) { return (x + y - 1) / y; } long long floor(long long x, long long y) { return (y < 0 ? floor(-x, -y) : (x > 0 ? x / y : x / y - (x % y == 0 ? 0 : 1))); } constexpr long long tri(long long n) { return n * (n + 1) / 2; } // l + ... + r constexpr long long tri(long long l, long long r) { return (l + r) * (r - l + 1) / 2; } template T modulo(T n, T d) { return (n % d + d) % d; } int ctoi(const char &c, const char start = '0') { return c - start; } int atoi(const char &c, const char start = 'a') { return c - start; } vector ctoi(string &s, const char start = '0') { vector res; for(auto &c : s) { int x = c - start; if(x < 0 || x >= 10) x = -1; res.push_back(x); } return res; } vector atoi(string &s, const char start = 'a') { vector res; for(auto &c : s) { int x = c - start; if(x < 0 || x >= 26) x = -1; res.push_back(x); } return res; } vector> ctoi(vector &s, const char start = '0') { int n = s.size(); vector> res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i] = ctoi(s[i], start); return res; } vector> atoi(vector &s, const char start = 'a') { int n = s.size(); vector> res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i] = atoi(s[i], start); return res; } string itoc(vector &v, const char start = '0') { int n = v.size(); string res; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { res.push_back(start + v[i]); } return res; } string itoa(vector &v, const char start = 'a') { return itoc(v, start); } vector itoc(vector> &v, const char start = '0') { int n = v.size(); vector res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { int m = v[i].size(); for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) { res[i] = itoc(v[i], start); } } return res; } vector itoa(vector> &v, const char start = 'a') { return itoc(v, start); } template int mex(T &a) { int n = a.size(); vector cnt(n + 1); for(auto x : a) { if(x > n) continue; cnt[x]++; } int res = 0; while(cnt[res]) res++; return res; } void yes() { cout << "Yes" << endl; // cout << "Alice" << endl; // cout << "Takahashi" << endl; } void no() { cout << "No" << endl; // cout << "Bob" << endl; // cout << "Aoki" << endl; } void yesno(bool x) { if(x) yes(); else no(); } void err() { cout << -1 << endl; } int dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1}; int dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1}; long long inf = (1 << 30) + (1LL << 60) - 2; double eps = 1e-9; // long long mod = 67280421310721; // using mint = static_modint<1000000009>; // using mint = dynamic_modint<1000000009>; // long long mod = 1000000007; // using mint = modint1000000007; // long long mod = 998244353; // using mint = modint998244353; // typedef vector vm; // typedef vector> vvm; // typedef vector>> vvvm; // Binomial C(mod); // modpow mtwo(2), mten(10); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// signed main() { int testcase = 1; cin >> testcase; for(int i = 0; i < testcase; i++) { solve(); } } void solve() { int n; cin >> n; vi a(n); cin >> a; deque ans; fenwick_tree bit(n + 1); int inv_cnt = 0; rep(i, n) { auto x = a[i]; if(i) { int pre = bit.sum(0, x + 1); int pos = bit.sum(x, n + 1); if(pre < pos) { ans.push_front(x); } else if(pre > pos) { ans.push_back(x); } else { if(ans.front() < x) ans.push_back(x); else ans.push_front(x); } inv_cnt += min(pre, pos); bit.add(x, 1); } else { ans.push_back(x); bit.add(x, 1); } } out(inv_cnt); out(ans); }