#include using namespace std; #define overload4(_1, _2, _3, _4, name, ...) name #define rep1(n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); ++i) #define rep2(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); ++i) #define rep3(i, a, b) for(int i = (a); i < (int)(b); ++i) #define rep4(i, a, b, c) for(int i = (a); i < (int)(b); i += (c)) #define rep(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, rep4, rep3, rep2, rep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define rrep(i,n) for(int i = (int)(n) - 1; i >= 0; --i) #define ALL(a) (a).begin(), (a).end() #define Sort(a) (sort((a).begin(), (a).end())) #define RSort(a) (sort((a).rbegin(), (a).rend())) #define UNIQUE(a) (a.erase(unique((a).begin(), (a).end()), (a).end())) typedef long long int ll; typedef unsigned long long ul; typedef long double ld; typedef vector vi; typedef vector vll; typedef vector vc; typedef vector vst; typedef vector vd; typedef vector vld; typedef pair P; template long long sum(const T& a){ return accumulate(a.begin(), a.end(), 0LL); } template auto min(const T& a){ return *min_element(a.begin(), a.end()); } template auto max(const T& a){ return *max_element(a.begin(), a.end()); } const long long MINF = 0x7fffffffffff; const long long INF = 0x1fffffffffffffff; const long long MOD = 998244353; const long double EPS = 1e-9; const long double PI = acos(-1); template inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p){ is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p){ os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")"; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v){ for(T &in : v) is >> in; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v){ for(int i = 0; i < (int) v.size(); ++i){ os << v[i] << (i + 1 != (int) v.size() ? " " : ""); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map &mp){ for(auto &[key, val] : mp){ os << key << ":" << val << " "; } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set &st){ auto itr = st.begin(); for(int i = 0; i < (int)st.size(); ++i){ os << *itr << (i + 1 != (int)st.size() ? " " : ""); itr++; } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const multiset &st){ auto itr = st.begin(); for(int i = 0; i < (int)st.size(); ++i){ os << *itr << (i + 1 != (int)st.size() ? " " : ""); itr++; } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, queue q){ while(q.size()){ os << q.front() << " "; q.pop(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, deque q){ while(q.size()){ os << q.front() << " "; q.pop_front(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, stack st){ while(st.size()){ os << st.top() << " "; st.pop(); } return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, priority_queue pq){ while(pq.size()){ os << pq.top() << " "; pq.pop(); } return os; } template inline T vin(T& vec, U n) { vec.resize(n); for(int i = 0; i < (int) n; ++i) cin >> vec[i]; return vec; } template inline void vout(T vec, string s = "\n"){ for(auto x : vec) cout << x << s; } template void in(T&... a){ (cin >> ... >> a); } void out(){ cout << '\n'; } template void out(const T& a, const Ts&... b){ cout << a; (cout << ... << (cout << ' ', b)); cout << '\n'; } template void inGraph(vector>& G, U n, U m, bool directed = false){ G.resize(n); for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i){ int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--, b--; G[a].push_back(b); if(!directed) G[b].push_back(a); } } template struct ModInt{ long long val; constexpr ModInt(const long long _val = 0) noexcept : val(_val) { normalize(); } void normalize(){ val = (val % Modulus + Modulus) % Modulus; } inline ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { if(val += rhs.val, val >= Modulus) val -= Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { if(val -= rhs.val, val < 0) val += Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { val = val * rhs.val % Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { val = val * inv(rhs.val).val % Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt &operator++() noexcept { if(++val >= Modulus) val -= Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt operator++(int) noexcept { ModInt t = val; if(++val >= Modulus) val -= Modulus; return t; } inline ModInt &operator--() noexcept { if(--val < 0) val += Modulus; return *this; } inline ModInt operator--(int) noexcept { ModInt t = val; if(--val < 0) val += Modulus; return t; } inline ModInt operator-() const noexcept { return (Modulus - val) % Modulus; } inline ModInt inv(void) const { return inv(val); } ModInt pow(long long n){ assert(0 <= n); ModInt x = *this, r = 1; while(n){ if(n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } ModInt inv(const long long n) const { long long a = n, b = Modulus, u = 1, v = 0; while(b){ long long t = a / b; a -= t * b; swap(a, b); u -= t * v; swap(u, v); } u %= Modulus; if(u < 0) u += Modulus; return u; } friend inline ModInt operator+(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return ModInt(lhs) += rhs; } friend inline ModInt operator-(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return ModInt(lhs) -= rhs; } friend inline ModInt operator*(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return ModInt(lhs) *= rhs; } friend inline ModInt operator/(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return ModInt(lhs) /= rhs; } friend inline bool operator==(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return lhs.val == rhs.val; } friend inline bool operator!=(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) noexcept { return lhs.val != rhs.val; } friend inline istream &operator>>(istream &is, ModInt &x) noexcept { is >> x.val; x.normalize(); return is; } friend inline ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const ModInt &x) noexcept { return os << x.val; } }; template struct Combination{ vector memo, memoinv, inv; Combination(const int N) : memo(N + 1), memoinv(N + 1), inv(N + 1){ T m = -1; long long mod = (m.val + 1LL); memo[0] = memo[1] = 1; memoinv[0] = memoinv[1] = 1; inv[1] = 1; for(int i = 2; i <= N; ++i){ memo[i] = memo[i - 1] * i; inv[i] = mod - inv[mod % i] * (mod / i); memoinv[i] = memoinv[i - 1] * inv[i]; } } inline T fact(const int n) const { return memo[n]; } inline T factinv(const int n) const { return memoinv[n]; } inline T ncr(const int n, const int r) const { if(n < r || r < 0) return 0; return (memo[n] * memoinv[r]) * memoinv[n - r]; } inline T npr(const int n, const int r) const { if(n < r || r < 0) return 0; return memo[n] * memoinv[n - r]; } // 重複組み合わせ inline T nhr(const int n, const int r) const { if(n == 0 && r == 0) return 1; return ncr(n + r - 1, r); } // ボールの数、一個以上必要な箱の数、制限がない箱の数 (箱区別あり) // a = 0 の場合は重複組み合わせ inline T choose(const int n, const int a, const int b = 0) const { if(n == 0) return !a; return ncr(n + b - 1, a + b - 1); } // +1 n 個, -1 m 個, 累積和 >= 0 inline T cataran(const int n, const int m) const { return ncr(n + m, n) - ncr(n + m, n - 1); } // +1 n 個, -1 m 個, 累積和 > -k inline T cataran(const int n, const int m, const int k) const { if(m < k) return ncr(n + m, n); if(m < n + k) return ncr(n + m, n) - ncr(n + m, m - k); return 0; } // +1 n 個, -1 m 個, 累積和 < +k inline T cataran2(const int n, const int m, const int k) const { return cataran(m, n, k); } }; void input(){ } using mint = ModInt; void solve(){ ll n; in(n); Combination comb(n); mint ans = 0; // A = (p_i == i) // B = (p_i == n - i) // ANS = A + B - (A U B) = 2A - (A U B) { // A rep(i, 2, n + 1){ if(i % 2 == 0) ans += comb.factinv(i); else ans -= comb.factinv(i); } ans *= comb.fact(n); ans = comb.fact(n) - ans; ans *= 2; } { // B // OEIS A003471 vector a(n + 4); a[0] = 1, a[1] = 0, a[2] = 0, a[3] = 0; rep(i, 4, n + 1){ if(i % 2 == 0) a[i] = (i - 1) * a[i - 1] + 2 * (i - 2) * a[i - 4]; else a[i] = (i - 1) * a[i - 1] + 2 * (i - 1) * a[i - 2]; } ans -= comb.fact(n) - a[n]; } out(ans); } int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cout << fixed << setprecision(20); input(); solve(); }