// #include "ds/my_bitset.hpp"

// // Boolean Matrix Multiplication C[i][k] |= A[i][j] && B[j][k]
// // https://contest.ucup.ac/contest/1784/problem/9246
// vc<My_Bitset> matrix_mul_and_or(vc<My_Bitset>& A, vc<My_Bitset>& B, int N1 = -1, int N2 = -1, int N3 = -1) {
//   using BS = My_Bitset;
//   if (N1 == -1) { N1 = len(A), N2 = len(B), N3 = len(B[0]); }
//   vc<BS> C(N1, BS(N3));
//   if (N1 < 50) {
//     FOR(i, N1) FOR(j, N2) {
//       if (A[i][j]) C[i] |= B[j];
//     }
//     return C;
//   }
//   const int K = (N1 < 1200 ? 4 : 8);
//   vc<BS> tmp(1 << K, BS(N3));
//   for (int L = 0; L < N2; L += K) {
//     int R = min(L + K, N2);
//     int n = R - L;
//     FOR(i, n) FOR(s, 1 << i) tmp[s | 1 << i] = tmp[s] | B[L + i];
//     FOR(i, N1) {
//       u32 s = A[i].dat[L / 64] >> (L & 63) & ((1 << K) - 1);
//       C[i] |= tmp[s];
//     }
//   }
//   return C;
// }

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"math/bits"
	"os"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	yuki1340()
}

// https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/1340
func yuki1340() {
	in := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	out := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
	defer out.Flush()

	var N, M, T int
	fmt.Fscan(in, &N, &M, &T)
	A := make([]*BitSetDynamic, N)
	for i := range A {
		A[i] = NewBitsetDynamic(N, 0)
	}

	for i := 0; i < M; i++ {
		var a, b int
		fmt.Fscan(in, &a, &b)
		A[a].Add(b)
	}

	B := make([]*BitSetDynamic, N)
	for i := range B {
		B[i] = NewBitsetDynamic(N, 0)
		B[i].Add(i)
	}

	for T > 0 {
		if T&1 == 1 {
			B = MatrixMulAndOr(B, A)
		}
		A = MatrixMulAndOr(A, A)
		T >>= 1
	}

	res := B[0].OnesCount(0, N)
	fmt.Fprintln(out, res)
}

// Four Russians O(NMK/wlogN).
// C[i][k] |= A[i][j] && B[j][k].
func MatrixMulAndOr(matA, matB []*BitSetDynamic) []*BitSetDynamic {
	n1, n2, n3 := len(matA), len(matB), matB[0].Size()
	res := make([]*BitSetDynamic, n1)
	for i := range res {
		res[i] = NewBitsetDynamic(n3, 0)
	}

	if n1 < 50 {
		for i := 0; i < n1; i++ {
			for j := 0; j < n2; j++ {
				if matA[i].Has(j) {
					res[i].IOr(matB[j])
				}
			}
		}
		return res
	}

	k := 8
	if n1 < 1200 {
		k = 4
	}
	mask := uint64(1<<k) - 1

	tmp := make([]*BitSetDynamic, 1<<k)
	for i := range tmp {
		tmp[i] = NewBitsetDynamic(n3, 0)
	}

	for L := 0; L < n2; L += k {
		R := min(L+k, n2)
		n := R - L
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			for s := 0; s < 1<<i; s++ {
				tmp[s|1<<i].SetOr(tmp[s], matB[L+i])
			}
		}
		for i := 0; i < n1; i++ {
			s := matA[i].data[L>>6] >> (L & 63) & mask
			res[i].IOr(tmp[s])
		}
	}
	return res
}

// 动态bitset，支持切片操作.
type BitSetDynamic struct {
	n    int
	data []uint64
}

// 建立一个大小为 n 的 bitset，初始值为 filledValue.
// [0,n).
func NewBitsetDynamic(n int, filledValue int) *BitSetDynamic {
	if !(filledValue == 0 || filledValue == 1) {
		panic("filledValue should be 0 or 1")
	}
	data := make([]uint64, n>>6+1)
	if filledValue == 1 {
		for i := range data {
			data[i] = ^uint64(0)
		}
		if n != 0 {
			data[len(data)-1] >>= (len(data) << 6) - n
		}
	}
	return &BitSetDynamic{n: n, data: data}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Add(i int) *BitSetDynamic {
	bs.data[i>>6] |= 1 << (i & 63)
	return bs
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Has(i int) bool {
	return bs.data[i>>6]>>(i&63)&1 == 1
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Discard(i int) {
	bs.data[i>>6] &^= 1 << (i & 63)
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Flip(i int) {
	bs.data[i>>6] ^= 1 << (i & 63)
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) AddRange(start, end int) {
	maskL := ^uint64(0) << (start & 63)
	maskR := ^uint64(0) << (end & 63)
	i := start >> 6
	if i == end>>6 {
		bs.data[i] |= maskL ^ maskR
		return
	}
	bs.data[i] |= maskL
	for i++; i < end>>6; i++ {
		bs.data[i] = ^uint64(0)
	}
	bs.data[i] |= ^maskR
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) DiscardRange(start, end int) {
	maskL := ^uint64(0) << (start & 63)
	maskR := ^uint64(0) << (end & 63)
	i := start >> 6
	if i == end>>6 {
		bs.data[i] &= ^maskL | maskR
		return
	}
	bs.data[i] &= ^maskL
	for i++; i < end>>6; i++ {
		bs.data[i] = 0
	}
	bs.data[i] &= maskR
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) FlipRange(start, end int) {
	maskL := ^uint64(0) << (start & 63)
	maskR := ^uint64(0) << (end & 63)
	i := start >> 6
	if i == end>>6 {
		bs.data[i] ^= maskL ^ maskR
		return
	}
	bs.data[i] ^= maskL
	for i++; i < end>>6; i++ {
		bs.data[i] = ^bs.data[i]
	}
	bs.data[i] ^= ^maskR
}

// 左移 k 位 (<<k).
// !不能配合切片使用.必须保证lsh后的值域不超过原值域.
func (b *BitSetDynamic) Lsh(k int) {
	if k == 0 {
		return
	}
	shift, offset := k>>6, k&63
	if shift >= len(b.data) {
		for i := range b.data {
			b.data[i] = 0
		}
		return
	}

	if offset == 0 {
		copy(b.data[shift:], b.data)
	} else {
		for i := len(b.data) - 1; i > shift; i-- {
			b.data[i] = b.data[i-shift]<<offset | b.data[i-shift-1]>>(64-offset)
		}
		b.data[shift] = b.data[0] << offset
	}

	for i := 0; i < shift; i++ {
		b.data[i] = 0
	}
}

// 右移 k 位 (>>k).
func (b *BitSetDynamic) Rsh(k int) {
	if k == 0 {
		return
	}
	shift, offset := k>>6, k&63
	if shift >= len(b.data) {
		for i := range b.data {
			b.data[i] = 0
		}
		return
	}
	lim := len(b.data) - 1 - shift
	if offset == 0 {
		copy(b.data, b.data[shift:])
	} else {
		for i := 0; i < lim; i++ {
			b.data[i] = b.data[i+shift]>>offset | b.data[i+shift+1]<<(64-offset)
		}
		b.data[lim] = b.data[len(b.data)-1] >> offset
	}
	for i := lim + 1; i < len(b.data); i++ {
		b.data[i] = 0
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Fill(zeroOrOne int) {
	if zeroOrOne == 0 {
		for i := range bs.data {
			bs.data[i] = 0
		}
	} else {
		for i := range bs.data {
			bs.data[i] = ^uint64(0)
		}
		if bs.n != 0 {
			bs.data[len(bs.data)-1] >>= (len(bs.data) << 6) - bs.n
		}
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Clear() {
	for i := range bs.data {
		bs.data[i] = 0
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) OnesCount(start, end int) int {
	if start < 0 {
		start = 0
	}
	if end > bs.n {
		end = bs.n
	}
	if start == 0 && end == bs.n {
		res := 0
		for _, v := range bs.data {
			res += bits.OnesCount64(v)
		}
		return res
	}
	pos1 := start >> 6
	pos2 := end >> 6
	if pos1 == pos2 {
		return bits.OnesCount64(bs.data[pos1] & (^uint64(0) << (start & 63)) & ((1 << (end & 63)) - 1))
	}
	count := 0
	if (start & 63) > 0 {
		count += bits.OnesCount64(bs.data[pos1] & (^uint64(0) << (start & 63)))
		pos1++
	}
	for i := pos1; i < pos2; i++ {
		count += bits.OnesCount64(bs.data[i])
	}
	if (end & 63) > 0 {
		count += bits.OnesCount64(bs.data[pos2] & ((1 << (end & 63)) - 1))
	}
	return count
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) AllOne(start, end int) bool {
	i := start >> 6
	if i == end>>6 {
		mask := ^uint64(0)<<(start&63) ^ ^uint64(0)<<(end&63)
		return (bs.data[i] & mask) == mask
	}
	mask := ^uint64(0) << (start & 63)
	if (bs.data[i] & mask) != mask {
		return false
	}
	for i++; i < end>>6; i++ {
		if bs.data[i] != ^uint64(0) {
			return false
		}
	}
	mask = ^uint64(0) << (end & 63)
	return ^(bs.data[end>>6] | mask) == 0
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) AllZero(start, end int) bool {
	i := start >> 6
	if i == end>>6 {
		mask := ^uint64(0)<<(start&63) ^ ^uint64(0)<<(end&63)
		return (bs.data[i] & mask) == 0
	}
	if (bs.data[i] >> (start & 63)) != 0 {
		return false
	}
	for i++; i < end>>6; i++ {
		if bs.data[i] != 0 {
			return false
		}
	}
	mask := ^uint64(0) << (end & 63)
	return (bs.data[end>>6] & ^mask) == 0
}

// 返回第一个 1 的下标，若不存在则返回-1.
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IndexOfOne(position int) int {
	if position == 0 {
		for i, v := range bs.data {
			if v != 0 {
				return i<<6 | bs._lowbit(v)
			}
		}
		return -1
	}
	for i := position >> 6; i < len(bs.data); i++ {
		v := bs.data[i] & (^uint64(0) << (position & 63))
		if v != 0 {
			return i<<6 | bs._lowbit(v)
		}
		for i++; i < len(bs.data); i++ {
			if bs.data[i] != 0 {
				return i<<6 | bs._lowbit(bs.data[i])
			}
		}
	}
	return -1
}

// 返回第一个 0 的下标，若不存在则返回-1。
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IndexOfZero(position int) int {
	if position == 0 {
		for i, v := range bs.data {
			if v != ^uint64(0) {
				return i<<6 | bs._lowbit(^v)
			}
		}
		return -1
	}
	i := position >> 6
	if i < len(bs.data) {
		v := bs.data[i]
		if position&63 != 0 {
			v |= ^((^uint64(0)) << (position & 63))
		}
		if ^v != 0 {
			res := i<<6 | bs._lowbit(^v)
			if res < bs.n {
				return res
			}
			return -1
		}
		for i++; i < len(bs.data); i++ {
			if ^bs.data[i] != 0 {
				res := i<<6 | bs._lowbit(^bs.data[i])
				if res < bs.n {
					return res
				}
				return -1
			}
		}
	}
	return -1
}

// 返回右侧第一个 1 的位置(`包含`当前位置).
//
//	如果不存在, 返回 n.
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Next(index int) int {
	if index < 0 {
		index = 0
	}
	if index >= bs.n {
		return bs.n
	}
	k := index >> 6
	x := bs.data[k]
	s := index & 63
	x = (x >> s) << s
	if x != 0 {
		return (k << 6) | bs._lowbit(x)
	}
	for i := k + 1; i < len(bs.data); i++ {
		if bs.data[i] == 0 {
			continue
		}
		return (i << 6) | bs._lowbit(bs.data[i])
	}
	return bs.n
}

// 返回左侧第一个 1 的位置(`包含`当前位置).
//
//	如果不存在, 返回 -1.
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Prev(index int) int {
	if index >= bs.n-1 {
		index = bs.n - 1
	}
	if index < 0 {
		return -1
	}
	k := index >> 6
	if (index & 63) < 63 {
		x := bs.data[k]
		x &= (1 << ((index & 63) + 1)) - 1
		if x != 0 {
			return (k << 6) | bs._topbit(x)
		}
		k--
	}
	for i := k; i >= 0; i-- {
		if bs.data[i] == 0 {
			continue
		}
		return (i << 6) | bs._topbit(bs.data[i])
	}
	return -1
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Equals(other *BitSetDynamic) bool {
	if len(bs.data) != len(other.data) {
		return false
	}
	for i := range bs.data {
		if bs.data[i] != other.data[i] {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IsSubset(other *BitSetDynamic) bool {
	if bs.n > other.n {
		return false
	}
	for i, v := range bs.data {
		if (v & other.data[i]) != v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IsSuperset(other *BitSetDynamic) bool {
	if bs.n < other.n {
		return false
	}
	for i, v := range other.data {
		if (v & bs.data[i]) != v {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IOr(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	for i, v := range other.data {
		bs.data[i] |= v
	}
	return bs
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IAnd(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	for i, v := range other.data {
		bs.data[i] &= v
	}
	return bs
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IXor(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	for i, v := range other.data {
		bs.data[i] ^= v
	}
	return bs
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Or(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	res := NewBitsetDynamic(bs.n, 0)
	for i, v := range other.data {
		res.data[i] = bs.data[i] | v
	}
	return res
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) And(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	res := NewBitsetDynamic(bs.n, 0)
	for i, v := range other.data {
		res.data[i] = bs.data[i] & v
	}
	return res
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Xor(other *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	res := NewBitsetDynamic(bs.n, 0)
	for i, v := range other.data {
		res.data[i] = bs.data[i] ^ v
	}
	return res
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) SetOr(a *BitSetDynamic, b *BitSetDynamic) *BitSetDynamic {
	for i := range a.data {
		bs.data[i] = a.data[i] | b.data[i]
	}
	return b
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IOrRange(start, end int, other *BitSetDynamic) {
	if other.n != end-start {
		panic("length of other must equal to end-start")
	}
	a, b := 0, other.n
	for start < end && (start&63) != 0 {
		bs.data[start>>6] |= other._get(a) << (start & 63)
		a++
		start++
	}
	for start < end && (end&63) != 0 {
		end--
		b--
		bs.data[end>>6] |= other._get(b) << (end & 63)
	}

	// other[a:b] -> this[start:end]
	l, r := start>>6, end>>6
	s := a >> 6
	n := r - l
	if (a & 63) == 0 {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] |= other.data[s+i]
		}
	} else {
		hi := a & 63
		lo := 64 - hi
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] |= (other.data[s+i] >> hi) | (other.data[s+i+1] << lo)
		}
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IAndRange(start, end int, other *BitSetDynamic) {
	if other.n != end-start {
		panic("length of other must equal to end-start")
	}
	a, b := 0, other.n
	for start < end && (start&63) != 0 {
		if other._get(a) == 0 {
			bs.data[start>>6] &^= 1 << (start & 63)
		}
		a++
		start++
	}
	for start < end && (end&63) != 0 {
		end--
		b--
		if other._get(b) == 0 {
			bs.data[end>>6] &^= 1 << (end & 63)
		}
	}

	// other[a:b] -> this[start:end]
	l, r := start>>6, end>>6
	s := a >> 6
	n := r - l
	if (a & 63) == 0 {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] &= other.data[s+i]
		}
	} else {
		hi := a & 63
		lo := 64 - hi
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] &= (other.data[s+i] >> hi) | (other.data[s+i+1] << lo)
		}
	}

}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) IXorRange(start, end int, other *BitSetDynamic) {
	if other.n != end-start {
		panic("length of other must equal to end-start")
	}
	a, b := 0, other.n
	for start < end && (start&63) != 0 {
		bs.data[start>>6] ^= other._get(a) << (start & 63)
		a++
		start++
	}
	for start < end && (end&63) != 0 {
		end--
		b--
		bs.data[end>>6] ^= other._get(b) << (end & 63)
	}

	// other[a:b] -> this[start:end]
	l, r := start>>6, end>>6
	s := a >> 6
	n := r - l
	if (a & 63) == 0 {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] ^= other.data[s+i]
		}
	} else {
		hi := a & 63
		lo := 64 - hi
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] ^= (other.data[s+i] >> hi) | (other.data[s+i+1] << lo)
		}
	}
}

// 类似js中类型数组的set操作.如果超出赋值范围，抛出异常.
//
//	other: 要赋值的bitset.
//	offset: 赋值的起始元素下标.
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Set(other *BitSetDynamic, offset int) {
	left, right := offset, offset+other.n
	if right > bs.n {
		panic("out of range")
	}
	a, b := 0, other.n
	for left < right && (left&63) != 0 {
		if other.Has(a) {
			bs.Add(left)
		} else {
			bs.Discard(left)
		}
		a++
		left++
	}
	for left < right && (right&63) != 0 {
		right--
		b--
		if other.Has(b) {
			bs.Add(right)
		} else {
			bs.Discard(right)
		}
	}

	// other[a:b] -> this[start:end]
	l, r := left>>6, right>>6
	s := a >> 6
	n := r - l
	if (a & 63) == 0 {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] = other.data[s+i]
		}
	} else {
		hi := a & 63
		lo := 64 - hi
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			bs.data[l+i] = (other.data[s+i] >> hi) | (other.data[s+i+1] << lo)
		}
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Slice(start, end int) *BitSetDynamic {
	if start < 0 {
		start += bs.n
	}
	if start < 0 {
		start = 0
	}
	if end < 0 {
		end += bs.n
	}
	if end > bs.n {
		end = bs.n
	}
	if start >= end {
		return NewBitsetDynamic(0, 0)
	}
	if start == 0 && end == bs.n {
		return bs.Copy()
	}

	res := NewBitsetDynamic(end-start, 0)
	remain := (end - start) & 63
	for i := 0; i < remain; i++ {
		if bs.Has(end - 1) {
			res.Add(end - start - 1)
		}
		end--
	}

	n := (end - start) >> 6
	hi := start & 63
	lo := 64 - hi
	s := start >> 6
	if hi == 0 {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			res.data[i] ^= bs.data[s+i]
		}
	} else {
		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
			res.data[i] ^= (bs.data[s+i] >> hi) ^ (bs.data[s+i+1] << lo)
		}
	}

	return res
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Copy() *BitSetDynamic {
	res := NewBitsetDynamic(bs.n, 0)
	copy(res.data, bs.data)
	return res
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) CopyAndResize(size int) *BitSetDynamic {
	newBits := make([]uint64, (size+63)>>6)
	copy(newBits, bs.data[:min(len(bs.data), len(newBits))])
	remainingBits := size & 63
	if remainingBits != 0 {
		mask := (1 << remainingBits) - 1
		newBits[len(newBits)-1] &= uint64(mask)
	}
	return &BitSetDynamic{data: newBits, n: size}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Resize(size int) {
	newBits := make([]uint64, (size+63)>>6)
	copy(newBits, bs.data[:min(len(bs.data), len(newBits))])
	remainingBits := size & 63
	if remainingBits != 0 {
		mask := (1 << remainingBits) - 1
		newBits[len(newBits)-1] &= uint64(mask)
	}
	bs.data = newBits
	bs.n = size
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Expand(size int) {
	if size <= bs.n {
		return
	}
	bs.Resize(size)
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) BitLength() int {
	return bs._lastIndexOfOne() + 1
}

// 遍历所有 1 的位置.
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) ForEach(f func(pos int) (shouldBreak bool)) {
	for i, v := range bs.data {
		for ; v != 0; v &= v - 1 {
			j := (i << 6) | bs._lowbit(v)
			if f(j) {
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) Size() int {
	return bs.n
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) String() string {
	sb := strings.Builder{}
	sb.WriteString("BitSetDynamic{")
	nums := []string{}
	bs.ForEach(func(pos int) bool {
		nums = append(nums, fmt.Sprintf("%d", pos))
		return false
	})
	sb.WriteString(strings.Join(nums, ","))
	sb.WriteString("}")
	return sb.String()
}

// (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 1, 2)
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) _topbit(x uint64) int {
	if x == 0 {
		return -1
	}
	return 63 - bits.LeadingZeros64(x)
}

// (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 0, 2)
func (bs *BitSetDynamic) _lowbit(x uint64) int {
	if x == 0 {
		return -1
	}
	return bits.TrailingZeros64(x)
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) _get(i int) uint64 {
	return bs.data[i>>6] >> (i & 63) & 1
}

func (bs *BitSetDynamic) _lastIndexOfOne() int {
	for i := len(bs.data) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		x := bs.data[i]
		if x != 0 {
			return (i << 6) | (bs._topbit(x))
		}
	}
	return -1
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return b
	}
	return a
}