#pragma region satashun
// #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
// #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

using uint = unsigned int;
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
template <class T>
using V = vector<T>;
template <class T>
using VV = V<V<T>>;

template <class T>
V<T> make_vec(size_t a) {
    return V<T>(a);
}

template <class T, class... Ts>
auto make_vec(size_t a, Ts... ts) {
    return V<decltype(make_vec<T>(ts...))>(a, make_vec<T>(ts...));
}

template <typename T, typename V>
void fill_vec(T& v, const V& val) {
    v = val;
}

template <typename T, typename V>
void fill_vec(vector<T>& vec, const V& val) {
    for (auto& v : vec) fill_vec(v, val);
}

#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define fi first
#define se second
#define rep(i, n) rep2(i, 0, n)
#define rep2(i, m, n) for (int i = m; i < (n); i++)
#define per(i, b) per2(i, 0, b)
#define per2(i, a, b) for (int i = int(b) - 1; i >= int(a); i--)
#define ALL(c) (c).begin(), (c).end()
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())

constexpr ll TEN(int n) { return (n == 0) ? 1 : 10 * TEN(n - 1); }

template <class T, class U>
void chmin(T& t, const U& u) {
    if (t > u) t = u;
}
template <class T, class U>
void chmax(T& t, const U& u) {
    if (t < u) t = u;
}

template <typename T>
int arglb(const V<T>& v, const T& x) {
    return distance(v.begin(), lower_bound(ALL(v), x));
}

template <typename T>
int argub(const V<T>& v, const T& x) {
    return distance(v.begin(), upper_bound(ALL(v), x));
}

template <class T>
void mkuni(vector<T>& v) {
    sort(ALL(v));
    v.erase(unique(ALL(v)), end(v));
}

template <class T>
vector<int> sort_by(const vector<T>& v, bool increasing = true) {
    vector<int> res(v.size());
    iota(res.begin(), res.end(), 0);

    if (increasing) {
        stable_sort(res.begin(), res.end(),
                    [&](int i, int j) { return v[i] < v[j]; });
    } else {
        stable_sort(res.begin(), res.end(),
                    [&](int i, int j) { return v[i] > v[j]; });
    }
    return res;
}

// prototype
template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& p);

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& v);

template <class T>
istream& operator>>(istream& is, vector<T>& v);

template <class T, size_t sz>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const array<T, sz>& arr);

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& ST);

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const multiset<T>& ST);

template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<T, U>& MP);

ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, __int128_t x);

// io functions
template <class T, class U>
istream& operator>>(istream& is, pair<T, U>& p) {
    is >> p.first >> p.second;
    return is;
}

template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& p) {
    os << "(" << p.first << "," << p.second << ")";
    return os;
}

template <class T>
istream& operator>>(istream& is, vector<T>& v) {
    for (auto& x : v) {
        is >> x;
    }
    return is;
}

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector<T>& v) {
    os << "{";
    rep(i, v.size()) {
        if (i) os << ",";
        os << v[i];
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template <class T, size_t sz>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const array<T, sz>& arr) {
    os << '[';
    for (auto v : arr) os << v << ',';
    os << ']';
    return os;
}

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set<T>& ST) {
    os << "{";
    for (auto it = ST.begin(); it != ST.end(); ++it) {
        if (it != ST.begin()) os << ",";
        os << *it;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const multiset<T>& ST) {
    os << "{";
    for (auto it = ST.begin(); it != ST.end(); ++it) {
        if (it != ST.begin()) os << ",";
        os << *it;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template <class T, class U>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<T, U>& MP) {
    for (auto it = MP.begin(); it != MP.end(); ++it) {
        os << "(" << it->first << ": " << it->second << ")";
    }
    return os;
}

string to_string(__int128_t x) {
    if (x == 0) return "0";
    string result;
    if (x < 0) {
        result += "-";
        x *= -1;
    }
    string t;
    while (x) {
        t.push_back('0' + x % 10);
        x /= 10;
    }
    reverse(t.begin(), t.end());
    return result + t;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, __int128_t x) { return o << to_string(x); }

#ifdef LOCAL
void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
    cerr << " " << H;
    debug_out(T...);
}
#define debug(...) \
    cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#define dump(x) cerr << __LINE__ << " " << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#else
#define debug(...) (void(0))
#define dump(x) (void(0))
#endif

template <class T>
V<T>& operator+=(V<T>& vec, const T& v) {
    for (auto& x : vec) x += v;
    return vec;
}

template <class T>
V<T>& operator-=(V<T>& vec, const T& v) {
    for (auto& x : vec) x -= v;
    return vec;
}

// suc : 1 = newline, 2 = space
template <class T>
void print(T x, int suc = 1) {
    cout << x;
    if (suc == 1)
        cout << "\n";
    else if (suc == 2)
        cout << " ";
}

template <class T>
void print(const vector<T>& v, int suc = 1) {
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
        print(v[i], i == int(v.size()) - 1 ? suc : 2);
}

template <class T>
void show(T x) {
    print(x, 1);
}

template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void show(Head H, Tail... T) {
    print(H, 2);
    show(T...);
}

int topbit(int t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(t); }
int topbit(ll t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(t); }
int botbit(int a) { return a == 0 ? 32 : __builtin_ctz(a); }
int botbit(ll a) { return a == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(a); }
int popcount(int t) { return __builtin_popcount(t); }
int popcount(ll t) { return __builtin_popcountll(t); }
int bit_parity(int t) { return __builtin_parity(t); }
int bit_parity(ll t) { return __builtin_parityll(t); }

struct prepare_io {
    prepare_io() {
        cin.tie(nullptr);
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cout << fixed << setprecision(10);
    }
} prep_io;
#pragma endregion satashun

template <unsigned int MOD>
struct ModInt {
    using uint = unsigned int;
    using ull = unsigned long long;
    using M = ModInt;

    uint v;

    ModInt(ll _v = 0) { set_norm(_v % MOD + MOD); }
    M& set_norm(uint _v) {  //[0, MOD * 2)->[0, MOD)
        v = (_v < MOD) ? _v : _v - MOD;
        return *this;
    }

    explicit operator bool() const { return v != 0; }
    explicit operator int() const { return v; }
    M operator+(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(v + a.v); }
    M operator-(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(v + MOD - a.v); }
    M operator*(const M& a) const { return M().set_norm(ull(v) * a.v % MOD); }
    M operator/(const M& a) const { return *this * a.inv(); }
    M& operator+=(const M& a) { return *this = *this + a; }
    M& operator-=(const M& a) { return *this = *this - a; }
    M& operator*=(const M& a) { return *this = *this * a; }
    M& operator/=(const M& a) { return *this = *this / a; }
    M operator-() const { return M() - *this; }
    M& operator++(int) { return *this = *this + 1; }
    M& operator--(int) { return *this = *this - 1; }

    M pow(ll n) const {
        if (n < 0) return inv().pow(-n);
        M x = *this, res = 1;
        while (n) {
            if (n & 1) res *= x;
            x *= x;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }

    M inv() const {
        ll a = v, b = MOD, p = 1, q = 0, t;
        while (b != 0) {
            t = a / b;
            swap(a -= t * b, b);
            swap(p -= t * q, q);
        }
        return M(p);
    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const M& a) { return os << a.v; }
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, M& x) {
        ll v_;
        in >> v_;
        x = M(v_);
        return in;
    }

    bool operator<(const M& r) const { return v < r.v; }
    bool operator>(const M& r) const { return v < *this; }
    bool operator<=(const M& r) const { return !(r < *this); }
    bool operator>=(const M& r) const { return !(*this < r); }
    bool operator==(const M& a) const { return v == a.v; }
    bool operator!=(const M& a) const { return v != a.v; }

    static uint get_mod() { return MOD; }
};

// using Mint = ModInt<1000000007>;
using Mint = ModInt<998244353>;

V<Mint> fact, ifact, inv;
VV<Mint> small_comb;

void mod_init() {
    const int maxv = 1000010;
    const int maxvv = 5000;

    fact.resize(maxv);
    ifact.resize(maxv);
    inv.resize(maxv);

    small_comb = make_vec<Mint>(maxvv, maxvv);

    fact[0] = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < maxv; ++i) {
        fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
    }

    ifact[maxv - 1] = fact[maxv - 1].inv();

    for (int i = maxv - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
        ifact[i] = ifact[i + 1] * (i + 1);
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < maxv; ++i) {
        inv[i] = ifact[i] * fact[i - 1];
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < maxvv; ++i) {
        small_comb[i][0] = small_comb[i][i] = 1;
        for (int j = 1; j < i; ++j) {
            small_comb[i][j] = small_comb[i - 1][j] + small_comb[i - 1][j - 1];
        }
    }
}

Mint comb(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || r < 0 || r > n) return Mint(0);
    if (n < small_comb.size()) return small_comb[n][r];
    return fact[n] * ifact[r] * ifact[n - r];
}

Mint inv_comb(int n, int r) {
    if (n < 0 || r < 0 || r > n) return Mint(0);
    return ifact[n] * fact[r] * fact[n - r];
}

// O(k)
Mint comb_slow(ll n, ll k) {
    if (n < 0 || k < 0 || k > n) return Mint(0);
    Mint res = ifact[k];
    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
        res = res * (n - i);
    }
    return res;
}

// line up
// a 'o' + b 'x'
Mint comb2(int a, int b) {
    if (a < 0 || b < 0) return 0;
    return comb(a + b, a);
}

// divide a into b groups
Mint nhr(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0) return Mint(a == 0);
    return comb(a + b - 1, a);
}

// O(p + log_p n)

Mint lucas(ll n, ll k, int p) {
    if (n < 0 || k < 0 || k > n) return Mint(0);
    Mint res = 1;
    while (n > 0) {
        res *= comb(n % p, k % p);
        n /= p;
        k /= p;
    }
    return res;
}

struct ModPrepare {
    ModPrepare() { mod_init(); }
} prep_mod;

template <class T>
struct BIT {
    int n;
    vector<T> bit;

    BIT(int _n = 0) : n(_n), bit(n + 1) {}

    // ABC368G
    BIT(const V<T>& vec) : n(SZ(vec)), bit(n + 1) {
        rep(i, n) bit[i + 1] = vec[i];
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            int j = i + (i & -i);
            if (j <= n) {
                bit[j] += bit[i];
            }
        }
    }

    // sum of [0, i), 0 <= i <= n
    T sum(int i) {
        T s = 0;
        while (i > 0) {
            s += bit[i];
            i -= i & -i;
        }
        return s;
    }

    // 0 <= i < n
    void add(int i, T x) {
        ++i;
        while (i <= n) {
            bit[i] += x;
            i += i & -i;
        }
    }

    //[l, r) 0 <= l < r < n
    T sum(int l, int r) { return sum(r) - sum(l); }

    // verify!!!!
    // smallest i, sum(i) >= w, none -> n + 1
    int lower_bound(T w) {
        if (w <= 0) return 0;
        int x = 0, l = 1;
        while (l * 2 <= n) l *= 2;

        for (int k = l; k > 0; k /= 2) {
            if (x + k <= n && bit[x + k] < w) {
                w -= bit[x + k];
                x += k;
            }
        }
        return x + 1;
    }
};

void slv() {
    // input
    int N;
    cin >> N;
    V<int> A(N);
    cin >> A;

    // Let's solve!
    for (auto& a : A)
        if (a != -1) a--;

    BIT<int> bf(N + 10);
    rep(i, N) bf.add(i, 1);
    for (int a : A)
        if (a != -1) bf.add(a, -1);

    Mint ans;
    int cur_fr = 0;
    int all_fr = bf.sum(0, N);
    Mint all = fact[all_fr];
    int cur_mx = -1;

    rep(i, N) {
        if (A[i] != -1) {
            int back_fr = all_fr - cur_fr;
            int big = bf.sum(A[i], N);

            if (cur_mx < A[i] && big <= back_fr) {
                ans += comb(back_fr, big) * fact[big] * fact[all_fr - big];
            }

            chmax(cur_mx, A[i]);
        } else {
            int small = max(bf.sum(cur_mx + 1), cur_fr);

            /*
                        for (int j = small; j < all_fr; ++j) {
                            ans +=
                                comb(j, cur_fr) * fact[cur_fr] * fact[all_fr -
               cur_fr - 1];
                        }
                        */

            if (small < all_fr) {
                auto get = [&](int x) -> Mint {
                    if (x < 0) return 0;
                    return comb(x + cur_fr + 1, cur_fr + 1);
                };

                Mint val = get(all_fr - cur_fr - 1) - get(small - cur_fr - 1);
                ans += val * fact[cur_fr] * fact[all_fr - cur_fr - 1];
            }
            cur_fr++;
        }
    }
    show(ans);
}

int main() {
    int cases = 1;
    // cin >> cases;
    rep(i, cases) slv();

    return 0;
}