import typing def _ceil_pow2(n: int) -> int: x = 0 while (1 << x) < n: x += 1 return x def _bsf(n: int) -> int: x = 0 while n % 2 == 0: x += 1 n //= 2 return x class LazySegTree: def __init__( self, op: typing.Callable[[typing.Any, typing.Any], typing.Any], e: typing.Any, mapping: typing.Callable[[typing.Any, typing.Any], typing.Any], composition: typing.Callable[[typing.Any, typing.Any], typing.Any], id_: typing.Any, v: typing.Union[int, typing.List[typing.Any]]) -> None: self._op = op self._e = e self._mapping = mapping self._composition = composition self._id = id_ if isinstance(v, int): v = [e] * v self._n = len(v) self._log = _ceil_pow2(self._n) self._size = 1 << self._log self._d = [e] * (2 * self._size) self._lz = [self._id] * self._size for i in range(self._n): self._d[self._size + i] = v[i] for i in range(self._size - 1, 0, -1): self._update(i) def set(self, p: int, x: typing.Any) -> None: assert 0 <= p < self._n p += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): self._push(p >> i) self._d[p] = x for i in range(1, self._log + 1): self._update(p >> i) def get(self, p: int) -> typing.Any: assert 0 <= p < self._n p += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): self._push(p >> i) return self._d[p] def prod(self, left: int, right: int) -> typing.Any: assert 0 <= left <= right <= self._n if left == right: return self._e left += self._size right += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): if ((left >> i) << i) != left: self._push(left >> i) if ((right >> i) << i) != right: self._push(right >> i) sml = self._e smr = self._e while left < right: if left & 1: sml = self._op(sml, self._d[left]) left += 1 if right & 1: right -= 1 smr = self._op(self._d[right], smr) left >>= 1 right >>= 1 return self._op(sml, smr) def all_prod(self) -> typing.Any: return self._d[1] def apply(self, left: int, right: typing.Optional[int] = None, f: typing.Optional[typing.Any] = None) -> None: assert f is not None if right is None: p = left assert 0 <= left < self._n p += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): self._push(p >> i) self._d[p] = self._mapping(f, self._d[p]) for i in range(1, self._log + 1): self._update(p >> i) else: assert 0 <= left <= right <= self._n if left == right: return left += self._size right += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): if ((left >> i) << i) != left: self._push(left >> i) if ((right >> i) << i) != right: self._push((right - 1) >> i) l2 = left r2 = right while left < right: if left & 1: self._all_apply(left, f) left += 1 if right & 1: right -= 1 self._all_apply(right, f) left >>= 1 right >>= 1 left = l2 right = r2 for i in range(1, self._log + 1): if ((left >> i) << i) != left: self._update(left >> i) if ((right >> i) << i) != right: self._update((right - 1) >> i) def max_right( self, left: int, g: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], bool]) -> int: assert 0 <= left <= self._n assert g(self._e) if left == self._n: return self._n left += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): self._push(left >> i) sm = self._e first = True while first or (left & -left) != left: first = False while left % 2 == 0: left >>= 1 if not g(self._op(sm, self._d[left])): while left < self._size: self._push(left) left *= 2 if g(self._op(sm, self._d[left])): sm = self._op(sm, self._d[left]) left += 1 return left - self._size sm = self._op(sm, self._d[left]) left += 1 return self._n def min_left(self, right: int, g: typing.Any) -> int: assert 0 <= right <= self._n assert g(self._e) if right == 0: return 0 right += self._size for i in range(self._log, 0, -1): self._push((right - 1) >> i) sm = self._e first = True while first or (right & -right) != right: first = False right -= 1 while right > 1 and right % 2: right >>= 1 if not g(self._op(self._d[right], sm)): while right < self._size: self._push(right) right = 2 * right + 1 if g(self._op(self._d[right], sm)): sm = self._op(self._d[right], sm) right -= 1 return right + 1 - self._size sm = self._op(self._d[right], sm) return 0 def _update(self, k: int) -> None: self._d[k] = self._op(self._d[2 * k], self._d[2 * k + 1]) def _all_apply(self, k: int, f: typing.Any) -> None: self._d[k] = self._mapping(f, self._d[k]) if k < self._size: self._lz[k] = self._composition(f, self._lz[k]) def _push(self, k: int) -> None: self._all_apply(2 * k, self._lz[k]) self._all_apply(2 * k + 1, self._lz[k]) self._lz[k] = self._id mod=998244353 def op(x,y): return ((x[0]+y[0])%mod,x[1]+y[1]) e=(0,0) def mapping(f,x): if f==-1:return x else:return ((f*x[1])%mod,x[1]) def composition(f,g): if f==-1:return g else:return f id=-1 N=int(input()) A=list(map(int,input().split())) inc=[] dec=[] seg_inc=LazySegTree(op,e,mapping,composition,id,[(0,1)for i in range(N)]) seg_dec=LazySegTree(op,e,mapping,composition,id,[(0,1)for i in range(N)]) ans=0 sum=0 for i in range(N): incl=i while len(inc) and inc[-1][0]<=A[i]: v,l,r=inc.pop() incl=l sum=(sum-v*seg_dec.prod(l,r)[0])%mod inc.append((A[i],incl,i+1)) sum=(sum+A[i]*seg_dec.prod(incl,i+1)[0])%mod seg_inc.apply(incl,i+1,A[i]) decl=i while len(dec)and dec[-1][0]>=A[i]: v,l,r=dec.pop() decl=l sum=(sum-v*seg_inc.prod(l,r)[0])%mod dec.append((A[i],decl,i+1)) sum=(sum+A[i]*seg_inc.prod(decl,i+1)[0])%mod seg_dec.apply(decl,i+1,A[i]) ans=(ans+sum)%mod print(ans)