#ifdef t9unkubj #include"template.h" //#include"template_no_debug.h" #else #undef _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #pragma GCC optimize("O3") #define dbg(...) 199958 using namespace std; #include using uint=unsigned; using ll=long long; using ull=unsigned long long; using ld=long double; using pii=pair; using pll=pair; templateusing vc=vector; templateusing vvc=vc>; templateusing vvvc=vvc>; using vi=vc; using vvi=vc; using vvvi=vc; using vl=vc; using vvl=vc; using vvvl=vc; templateusing smpq=priority_queue,greater>; templateusing bipq=priority_queue; #define rep(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);i++) #define REP(i,j,n) for(ll i=(j);i<(ll)(n);i++) #define DREP(i,n,m) for(ll i=(n);i>=(m);i--) #define drep(i,n) for(ll i=((n)-1);i>=0;i--) #define all(x) x.begin(),x.end() #define rall(x) x.rbegin(),x.rend() #define mp make_pair #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define fi first #define se second #define is insert #define bg begin() #define ed end() void scan(int&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(ll&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(string&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(char&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(uint&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(ull&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(bool&a) { cin >> a; } void scan(ld&a){ cin>> a;} template void scan(vector&a) { for(auto&x:a) scan(x); } void read() {} template void read(Head&head, Tail&... tail) { scan(head); read(tail...); } #define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define ULL(...) ull __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define STR(...) string __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define CHR(...) char __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define DBL(...) double __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define LD(...) ld __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__); #define VC(type, name, ...) vector name(__VA_ARGS__); read(name); #define VVC(type, name, size, ...) vector> name(size, vector(__VA_ARGS__)); read(name); void print(int a) { cout << a; } void print(ll a) { cout << a; } void print(string a) { cout << a; } void print(char a) { cout << a; } void print(uint a) { cout << a; } void print(bool a) { cout << a; } void print(ull a) { cout << a; } void print(double a) { cout << a; } void print(ld a){ cout<< a; } template void print(vectora) { for(int i=0;i<(int)a.size();i++){if(i)cout<<" ";print(a[i]);}cout< void PRT(T a) { print(a); cout < void PRT(Head head, Tail ... tail) { print(head); cout << " "; PRT(tail...); return; } template bool chmin(T &x, F y){ if(x>y){ x=y; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &x, F y){ if(x int popcount(T n){ return __builtin_popcountll(n); } template T sum(vc&a){ return accumulate(all(a),T(0)); } template T max(vc&a){ return *max_element(all(a)); } template T min(vc&a){ return *min_element(all(a)); } template void unique(vc&a){ a.erase(unique(all(a)),a.end()); } vvi readgraph(int n,int m,int off = -1){ vvi g(n); rep(i, m){ int u,v; cin>>u>>v; u+=off,v+=off; g[u].push_back(v); g[v].push_back(u); } return g; } vvi readtree(int n,int off=-1){ return readgraph(n,n-1,off); } template vc presum(vc &a){ vc ret(a.size()+1); rep(i,a.size())ret[i+1]=ret[i]+a[i]; return ret; } template vc &operator+=(vc &a,F b){ for (auto&v:a)v += b; return a; } template vc &operator-=(vc&a,F b){ for (auto&v:a)v-=b; return a; } template vc &operator*=(vc&a,F b){ for (auto&v:a)v*=b; return a; } #endif double pass_time=0; template F modpow(T x,G p,F m){ T ret=1%m; x%=m; while(p){ if(p&1)ret=(1ll*ret*x)%m; x=(1ll*x*x)%m; p>>=1; } return ret; } template T extgcd(T a,T b,T&x,T&y){//ax+by=gcd(a,b)となるようなもの if(b==0){ x=1; y=0; return a; }else{ T res=extgcd(b,a%b,y,x); y-=(a/b)*x; return res; } } template pair inv(T x,T m){ T a1,a2; T res=extgcd(x,m,a1,a2); return {a1,m/res}; } constexpr int mod=998244353; struct mint{ long long val; inline long long fast(long long x){ if(x=0)return x; x%=mod; if(x<0)x+=mod; return x; } mint():val(0){} mint(long long val):val(fast(val)){} mint power(long long m)const { mint res(1); mint ret(*this); while(m){ if(m&1)res*=ret; ret*=ret; m>>=1; } return res; } mint& operator++() { val++; if (val == mod) val = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (val == 0)val=mod; val--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint operator-() const { return mint(-val); } friend mint operator +(const mint&a,const mint&b) noexcept{ return mint(a)+=b; } friend mint operator -(const mint&a,const mint&b) noexcept{ return mint(a)-=b; } friend mint operator *(const mint&a,const mint&b) noexcept{ return mint(a)*=b; } friend mint operator /(const mint&a,const mint&b) noexcept{ return mint(a)/=b; } mint& operator+=(const mint&a)noexcept{ val+=a.val; if(val>=mod)val-=mod; return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint&a)noexcept{ val-=a.val; if(val<0)val+=mod; return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint&a){ val*=a.val; val=fast(val); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint&a){ val*=inv(a.val,mod).first; val=fast(val); return *this; } bool operator == (const mint&x)const noexcept{ return this->val==x.val; } bool operator != (const mint&x)const noexcept{ return this->val!=x.val; } friend ostream& operator << (ostream &os, const mint &x) noexcept { return os << x.val; } friend istream& operator >> (istream &is, mint &x) noexcept { long long v; is >> v; x=mint(v); return is; } }; vectorfact(1,1),invfact(1,1); void build(int n){ if(n<(int)fact.size())return; fact=invfact=vector(n+1); fact[0]=1; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)fact[i]=fact[i-1]*i; invfact[n]=(1/fact[n]); for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)invfact[i]=invfact[i+1]*(i+1); } mint C(int a,int b){//aCb if(a<0||b<0||a-b<0)return mint(0); while((int)fact.size()<=a){ fact.push_back(fact.back()*(fact.size())); } while((int)invfact.size()<=a){ invfact.push_back(invfact.back()/invfact.size()); } return fact[a]*invfact[b]*invfact[a-b]; } mint P(int a,int b){ if(a pair mod_solve(T a,T b,T m){//ax=b mod mとなるxを返す a%=m,b%=m;if(a<0)a+=m;if(b<0)b+=m; T g=gcd(gcd(a,b),m); a/=g,b/=g,m/=g; if(gcd(a,m)>1)return {-1,-1}; return {(inv(a,m).first*b)%m,inv(a,m).second}; } void solve(){ INT(n); auto g=readtree(n); auto dfs=[&](auto&dfs,int u,int v)->array{ arraydp{}; dp[0]=dp[1]=1; for(auto&x:g[u]){ if(x==v)continue; auto res=dfs(dfs,x,u); arrayndp{}; ndp[1]+=res[1]*dp[0]; ndp[1]+=res[1]*dp[1]; ndp[1]+=res[0]*dp[1]; ndp[0]+=res[0]*dp[0]; ndp[0]+=res[1]*dp[0]; dp=move(ndp); } return dp; }; PRT(dfs(dfs,0,-1)[1]); } signed main(){ cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); pass_time=clock(); int t=1; //cin>>t; while(t--)solve(); pass_time=clock()-pass_time; dbg(pass_time/CLOCKS_PER_SEC); }