#ifndef INCLUDE_MODE #define INCLUDE_MODE // #define REACTIVE // #define USE_GETLINE /* #define SUBMIT_ONLY */ #define DEBUG_OUTPUT #define SAMPLE_CHECK L #endif #ifdef INCLUDE_MAIN VO Solve() { // 数 ../Contest/Template/Solve/Number.txt // 配列 ../Contest/Template/Solve/Array.txt // 文字列 ../Contest/Template/Solve/String.txt // グリッド ../Contest/Template/Solve/Grid.txt // グラフ ../Contest/Template/Solve/Graph.txt // 重み付きグラフ ../Contest/Template/Solve/WeightedGraph.txt // 区間クエリ ../Contest/Template/Solve/IntervalQuery.txt // 多種クエリ ../Contest/Template/Solve/MultiTypeQuery.txt CIN( int , N , M ); CIN_A( ll , 0 , N , A ); ReversibleMexMultiset S{ N }; S.insert( A[0] ); auto update_L = [&]( int& i_L , auto& i_info ){ S.erase( A[i_L++] ); i_info = S.mex(); }; auto update_R = [&]( int& i_R , auto& i_info ){ if( ++i_R < N ){ S.insert( A[i_R] ); i_info = S.mex(); } }; TPA( interval , i , 0 , i_R < N , update_L( i_L , i_info ) , update_R( i_R , i_info ) , i_info < M , S.mex() ); IntervalAddBIT answer( N + 1 ); int L_prev = 0 , R_prev = -1; RUN( interval , [L,R,mex] ){ FOR( l , L_prev , L ){ answer.IntervalAdd( max( R_prev + 1 , l ) + 1 - l , N - l , 1 ); } L_prev = L; R_prev = R; } FOR( l , L_prev , N ){ answer.IntervalAdd( max( R_prev + 1 , l ) + 1 - l , N - l , 1 ); } FOREQ( i , 1 , N ){ COUT( answer[i] ); } // 1変数関数f(x)と配列(a_i)_{i=0}^{N-1}に対するsum_i f(a_i)などを考える // とします。必要ならば(a_i)_iをソートして広義単調増大とします。 // - f(a_{i+1}) - f(a_i)がO(1)で計算できO(N)が間に合いそうならば、 // f(a_i)の差分計算による高速化 // - #im(f)が小さくf(a_)の各点逆像が計算しやすいならば // fの各点逆像による纏め上げ // sum_i f(a_i)=sum_y #f(a_)^{-1}(y) y // - #im(f)が小さくfが非負でf(a_)の始切片逆像が計算しやすいならば // fの始切片逆像による纏め上げ // sum_i f(a_i)=sum_{y>=1} #f(a_)^{-1}([y,∞)) // - #dom(f)が小さく(a_)の逆像が計算しやすいならば // (a_)の各点逆像による纏め上げ // sum_i f(a_i)=sum_x #(a_)^{-1}(x) f(x) // - i%j = i - floor(i/j)jを用いて剰余を商に帰着 // - iに関する和はfloor_sum // \\Mathematics\\Combinatorial\\FloorSum // - jに関する和は平方分割 // \\Mathematics\\Combinatorial\\ResidueSum // - Nが大きい場合と小さい場合で解法の折衷 // を検討しましょう。 } REPEAT_MAIN(1); #else /* INCLUDE_MAIN */ #ifdef INCLUDE_SUB /* COMPAREに使用。圧縮時は削除する。*/ MP Naive( const int& N , const int& M , const int& K , const bool& experiment = false ) { MP answer{}; return answer; } /* COMPAREに使用。圧縮時は削除する。*/ MP Answer( const ll& N , const ll& M , const ll& K ) { MP answer{}; return answer; } /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO Experiment() { /* // 1変数 ../Contest/Template/Experiment/OneVariable.txt */ /* // 2変数 ../Contest/Template/Experiment/TwoVariable.txt */ /* // 3変数 ../Contest/Template/Experiment/ThreeVariable.txt */ } /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO SmallTest() { /* // 数 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Number.txt */ /* // 配列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Array.txt */ /* // 順列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Permutation.txt */ /* // 文字列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/String.txt */ /* // グリッド ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Grid.txt */ /* // グラフ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Graph.txt */ /* // 重み付きグラフ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/WeightedGraph.txt */ /* // 区間クエリ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/IntervalQuery.txt */ } /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO RandomTest( const int& test_case_num ) { /* // 数 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Number.txt */ /* // 配列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Array.txt */ /* // 順列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Permutation.txt */ /* // 文字列 ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/String.txt */ /* // グリッド ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Grid.txt */ /* // グラフ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/Graph.txt */ /* // 重み付きグラフ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/WeightedGraph.txt */ /* // 区間クエリ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/IntervalQuery.txt */ /* // 多種クエリ ../Contest/Template/SmallTest/MultiTypeQuery.txt */ REPEAT( test_case_num ){ } } #define INCLUDE_MAIN #include __FILE__ #else /* INCLUDE_SUB */ #ifdef INCLUDE_LIBRARY /* VVV 常設でないライブラリは以下に挿入する。*/ /* // BFS ../Contest/Template/Library/BFS.txt */ /* // BIT ../Contest/Template/Library/BIT.txt */ /* // CoordinateCompress ../Contest/Template/Library/CoordinateCompress.txt */ /* // DFS ../Contest/Template/Library/DFS.txt */ /* // DifferenceSequence ../Contest/Template/Library/DifferenceSequence.txt */ /* // Dijkstra ../Contest/Template/Library/Dijkstra.txt */ /* // Divisor ../Contest/Template/Library/Divisor.txt */ /* // Knapsack ../Contest/Template/Library/Knapsack.txt */ /* // LineSubset ../Contest/Template/Library/LineSubset.txt */ /* // Matrix ../Contest/Template/Library/Matrix.txt */ /* // Polynomial ../Contest/Template/Library/Polynomial.txt */ /* // SqrtDecomposition ../Contest/Template/Library/SqrtDecomposition.txt */ /* // UnionFind ../Contest/Template/Library/UnionFind.txt */ /* - BIT (5KB) SetTheory/DirectProduct/AffineSpace/BIT/compress.txt - IntervalAdd (9KB) SetTheory/DirectProduct/AffineSpace/BIT/IntervalAdd/compress.txt - IntervalMax (9KB) SetTheory/DirectProduct/AffineSpace/BIT/IntervalMax/compress.txt - Monoid (5KB) SetTheory/DirectProduct/AffineSpace/BIT/Monoid/compress.txt */ #ifdef DEBUG #include "c:/Users/user/Documents/Programming/Mathematics/SetTheory/DirectProduct/AffineSpace/BIT/IntervalAdd/Debug/a_Body.hpp" #else #define SFINAE_FOR_BIT_BS enable_if_t>* TE CL AbstractBIT{PU:ABELIAN_GROUP m_M;int m_SZ;VE m_fenwick;int m_PW;IN AbstractBIT(ABELIAN_GROUP M,CRI SZ = 0);IN AbstractBIT(ABELIAN_GROUP M,CO VE& a);TE IN VO Initialise(CO Args&... args);IN VO Set(CRI i,CO U& u);VO Add(CRI i,CO U& u);IN CRI SZ()CO NE;IN U OP[](CRI i);IN U Get(CRI i);IN CO U& LSBSegmentSum(CRI j)CO;U InitialSegmentSum(CRI i_final);IN U IntervalSum(CRI i_start,CRI i_final);TE int Search(CO F& f);TE IN int Search(CRI i_start,CO F& f);IN int Search(CO U& u);IN int Search(CRI i_start,CO U& u);IN VO COruct();};TE AbstractBIT(ABELIAN_GROUP M,CO Args&... args)-> AbstractBIT,ABELIAN_GROUP>;TE CL BIT:PU AbstractBIT>{PU:TE IN BIT(CO Args&... args);};TE BIT(CO VE& a)-> BIT; TE IN AbstractBIT::AbstractBIT(ABELIAN_GROUP M,CRI SZ):m_M(MO(M)),m_SZ(SZ),m_fenwick(m_SZ + 1,m_M.Zero()),m_PW(1){COruct();}TE IN AbstractBIT::AbstractBIT(ABELIAN_GROUP M,CO VE& a):m_M(MO(M)),m_SZ(a.SZ()),m_fenwick(m_SZ + 1,m_M.Zero()),m_PW(1){COruct();for(int j = 1;j <= m_SZ;j++){U& fenwick_j = m_fenwick[j];int i = j - 1;fenwick_j = a[i];int i_lim = j -(j & -j);WH(i > i_lim){fenwick_j = m_M.Sum(MO(fenwick_j),m_fenwick[i]);i -=(i & -i);}}}TE IN VO AbstractBIT::COruct(){ST_AS(is_same_v>);WH(m_PW < m_SZ){m_PW <<= 1;}}TE TE IN BIT::BIT(CO Args&... args):AbstractBIT>(AdditiveGroup(),args...){}TE TE IN VO AbstractBIT::Initialise(CO Args&... args){AbstractBIT temp{m_M,args...};m_SZ = temp.m_SZ;m_fenwick = MO(temp.m_fenwick);m_PW = temp.m_PW;}TE IN VO AbstractBIT::Set(CRI i,CO U& u){Add(i,m_M.Sum(m_M.Inverse(IntervalSum(i,i)),u));}TE VO AbstractBIT::Add(CRI i,CO U& u){int j = i + 1;WH(j <= m_SZ){U& fenwick_j = m_fenwick[j];fenwick_j = m_M.Sum(MO(fenwick_j),u);j +=(j & -j);}RE;}TE IN CRI AbstractBIT::SZ()CO NE{RE m_SZ;}TE IN U AbstractBIT::OP[](CRI i){AS(0 <= i && i < m_SZ);RE IntervalSum(i,i);}TE IN U AbstractBIT::Get(CRI i){RE OP[](i);}TE IN CO U& AbstractBIT::LSBSegmentSum(CRI j)CO{AS(0 < j && j <= m_SZ);RE m_fenwick[j];}TE U AbstractBIT::InitialSegmentSum(CRI i_final){U sum = m_M.Zero();int j = min(i_final + 1,m_SZ);WH(j > 0){sum = m_M.Sum(MO(sum),m_fenwick[j]);j -= j & -j;}RE sum;}TE IN U AbstractBIT::IntervalSum(CRI i_start,CRI i_final){RE m_M.Sum(m_M.Inverse(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1)),InitialSegmentSum(i_final));}TE TE int AbstractBIT::Search(CO F& f){int j = 0;int PW = m_PW;U sum = m_M.Zero();U sum_next = sum;WH(PW > 0){int j_next = j | PW;if(j_next <= m_SZ){sum_next = m_M.Sum(MO(sum_next),m_fenwick[j_next]);if(f(sum_next,j_next - 1)){sum_next = sum;}else{sum = sum_next;j = j_next;}}PW >>= 1;}RE j;}TE TE IN int AbstractBIT::Search(CRI i_start,CO F& f){CO U u_inv = m_M.Inverse(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1));RE max(i_start,Search([&](CO U& sum,CRI i){RE i_start <= i && f(m_M.Sum(u_inv,sum),i);}));}TE IN int AbstractBIT::Search(CO U& u){RE Search([&](CO U& sum,CRI){RE !(sum < u);});}TE IN int AbstractBIT::Search(CRI i_start,CO U& u){RE max(i_start,Search(m_M.Sum(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1),u)));}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,AbstractBIT& bit){auto&& SZ = bit.SZ();for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){(i == 0?os:os << " ")<< bit[i];}RE os;} TE CL AbstractIntervalAddBIT{PU:Z_MODULE m_M;AbstractBIT m_bit_0;AbstractBIT m_bit_1;AbstractIntervalAddBIT(Z_MODULE M,CRI SZ = 0);AbstractIntervalAddBIT(Z_MODULE M,CO VE& a);TE IN VO Initialise(CO Args&... args);IN VO Set(CRI i,CO U& u);IN VO Add(CRI i,CO U& u);IN VO IntervalAdd(CRI i_start,CRI i_final,CO U& u);IN CRI SZ()CO NE;IN U OP[](CRI i);IN U Get(CRI i);IN U InitialSegmentSum(CRI i_final);IN U IntervalSum(CRI i_start,CRI i_final);TE int Search(CO F& f);TE IN int Search(CRI i_start,CO F& f);IN int Search(CO U& u);IN int Search(CRI i_start,CO U& u);};TE AbstractIntervalAddBIT(Z_MODULE M)-> AbstractIntervalAddBIT,Z_MODULE>;TE CL IntervalAddBIT:PU AbstractIntervalAddBIT>{PU:TE IN IntervalAddBIT(CO Args&... args);};TE IntervalAddBIT(CO VE& a)-> IntervalAddBIT; TE AbstractIntervalAddBIT::AbstractIntervalAddBIT(Z_MODULE M,CRI SZ):m_M(MO(M)),m_bit_0(m_M,SZ),m_bit_1(m_M,SZ){}TE AbstractIntervalAddBIT::AbstractIntervalAddBIT(Z_MODULE M,CO VE& a):m_M(MO(M)),m_bit_0(m_M),m_bit_1(m_M){CO int SZ = a.SZ();VE diff(SZ,m_M.Zero());diff[0]= a[0];for(int i = 1;i < SZ;i++){diff[i]= m_M.Sum(m_M.Inverse(a[i-1]),a[i]);}m_bit_1.Initialise(diff);for(int i = 1;i < SZ;i++){U& diff_i = diff[i];diff_i = m_M.ScalarProduct(1 - i,MO(diff_i));}m_bit_0.Initialise(diff);}TE TE IN IntervalAddBIT::IntervalAddBIT(CO Args&... args):AbstractIntervalAddBIT>(Module(),args...){}TE TE IN VO AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Initialise(CO Args&... args){AbstractIntervalAddBIT temp{m_M,args...};m_bit_0 = MO(temp.m_bit_0);m_bit_1 = MO(temp.m_bit_1);}TE IN VO AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Set(CRI i,CO U& u){Add(i,m_M.Sum(m_M.Inverse(IntervalSum(i,i)),u));}TE IN VO AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Add(CRI i,CO U& u){AS(0 <= i && i < SZ());IntervalAdd(i,i,u);}TE IN VO AbstractIntervalAddBIT::IntervalAdd(CRI i_start,CRI i_final,CO U& u){CO U u_inv = m_M.Inverse(u);m_bit_0.Add(i_start,m_M.ScalarProduct((i_start - 1),u_inv));m_bit_0.Add(i_final + 1,m_M.ScalarProduct(i_final,u));m_bit_1.Add(i_start,u);m_bit_1.Add(i_final + 1,u_inv);}TE IN CRI AbstractIntervalAddBIT::SZ()CO NE{RE m_bit_0.SZ();}TE IN U AbstractIntervalAddBIT::OP[](CRI i){AS(0 <= i && i < SZ());RE IntervalSum(i,i);}TE IN U AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Get(CRI i){RE OP[](i);}TE IN U AbstractIntervalAddBIT::InitialSegmentSum(CRI i_final){RE m_M.Sum(m_bit_0.InitialSegmentSum(i_final),m_M.ScalarProduct(i_final,m_bit_1.InitialSegmentSum(i_final)));}TE TE int AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Search(CO F& f){int l = -1,r = SZ();WH(l + 1 < r){CO int m =(l + r)>> 1;(f(InitialSegmentSum(m),m)?r:l)= m;}RE r;}TE TE IN int AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Search(CRI i_start,CO F& f){CO U u_inv = m_M.Inverse(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1));RE max(i_start,Search([&](CO U& sum,CRI i){RE i_start <= i && f(m_M.Sum(u_inv,sum),i);}));}TE IN int AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Search(CO U& u){RE Search([&](CO U& sum,CRI){RE !(sum < u);});}TE IN int AbstractIntervalAddBIT::Search(CRI i_start,CO U& u){RE max(i_start,Search(m_M.Sum(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1),u)));}TE IN U AbstractIntervalAddBIT::IntervalSum(CRI i_start,CRI i_final){RE m_M.Sum(m_M.Inverse(InitialSegmentSum(i_start - 1)),InitialSegmentSum(i_final));}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,AbstractIntervalAddBIT& bit){auto&& SZ = bit.SZ();for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){(i == 0?os:os << " ")<< bit[i];}RE os;} #endif #ifdef DEBUG #include "c:/Users/user/Documents/Programming/Mathematics/SetTheory/Mex/Reversible/Multiset/a_Body.hpp" #else CL ReversibleMexMultiset{PU:int m_QuerySZ;set m_comp;map m_mult;IN ReversibleMexMultiset(CRI QuerySZ);IN int count(CRI i)CO;IN bool in(CRI i)CO;IN VO insert(CRI i);IN VO erase(CRI i);IN CRI mex()CO;}; IN ReversibleMexMultiset::ReversibleMexMultiset(CRI QuerySZ):m_QuerySZ(QuerySZ),m_comp(),m_mult(){for(int i = 0;i <= m_QuerySZ;i++){m_comp.insert(i);}}IN int ReversibleMexMultiset::count(CRI i)CO{AS(i >= 0);auto IT = m_mult.lower_bound(i);RE IT == m_mult.EN()|| IT->first != i?0:IT->second;}IN bool ReversibleMexMultiset::in(CRI i)CO{RE count(i)> 0;}IN VO ReversibleMexMultiset::insert(CRI i){AS(i >= 0);if(i <= m_QuerySZ){m_comp.erase(i);}m_mult[i]++;}IN VO ReversibleMexMultiset::erase(CRI i){AS(i >= 0);auto IT = m_mult.lower_bound(i);if(IT == m_mult.EN()|| IT->first != i){RE;}if(--IT->second == 0){m_mult.erase(IT);if(i <= m_QuerySZ){m_comp.insert(i);}}}IN CRI ReversibleMexMultiset::mex()CO{AS(!m_comp.empty());RE *(m_comp.BE());} #endif /* AAA 常設でないライブラリは以上に挿入する。*/ #define INCLUDE_SUB #include __FILE__ #else /* INCLUDE_LIBRARY */ #ifdef DEBUG #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #else #pragma GCC optimize ( "O3" ) #pragma GCC optimize ( "unroll-loops" ) #pragma GCC target ( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) #define REPEAT_MAIN( BOUND ) START_MAIN; CEXPR( int , bound_test_case_num , BOUND ); int test_case_num = 1; if CE( bound_test_case_num > 1 ){ SET_ASSERT( test_case_num , 1 , bound_test_case_num ); } FINISH_MAIN #define FINISH_MAIN REPEAT( test_case_num ){ if CE( bound_test_case_num > 1 ){ CERR( "testcase " , VARIABLE_FOR_REPEAT_test_case_num , ":" ); } Solve(); CERR( "" ); } } #define DEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE1 , VALUE2 ) CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE1 ) #define ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) AS( ( MIN ) <= A && A <= ( MAX ) ) #ifdef USE_GETLINE #define SET_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , ... ) VariadicGetline( cin , SEPARATOR , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define SET( ... ) SET_SEPARATE( '\n' , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define GETLINE_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , ... ) string __VA_ARGS__; SET_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define GETLINE( ... ) GETLINE_SEPARATE( '\n' , __VA_ARGS__ ) #else #define SET( ... ) VariadicCin( cin , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CIN( LL , ... ) LL __VA_ARGS__; SET( __VA_ARGS__ ) #define SET_A( I , N , ... ) VariadicResize( N + I , __VA_ARGS__ ); FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A , 0 , N ){ VariadicSet( cin , VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A + I , __VA_ARGS__ ); } #define CIN_A( LL , I , N , ... ) VE __VA_ARGS__; SET_A( I , N , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CIN_AA( LL , I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , VAR ) VE> VAR( N0 + I0 ); FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_CIN_AA , 0 , N0 ){ SET_A( I1 , N1 , VAR[VARIABLE_FOR_CIN_AA + I0] ); } #endif #define SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) SET( A ); ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define SOLVE_ONLY #define COUT( ... ) VariadicCout( cout , __VA_ARGS__ ) << ENDL #define COUTNS( ... ) VariadicCoutNonSep( cout , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CERR( ... ) #define CERRNS( ... ) #define COUT_A( I , N , A ) CoutArray( cout , I , N , A ) << ENDL #define CERR_A( I , N , A ) #endif #ifdef REACTIVE #ifdef DEBUG #define RSET( A , ... ) A = __VA_ARGS__ #else #define RSET( A , ... ) SET( A ) #endif #define RCIN( LL , A , ... ) LL A; RSET( A , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define ENDL endl #else #define ENDL "\n" #endif #include using namespace std; #define ATT __attribute__( ( target( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) ) ) #define START_MAIN int main(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false ); cin.tie( nullptr ) #define START_WATCH chrono::system_clock::time_point watch = chrono::system_clock::now(); double loop_average_time = 0.0 , loop_start_time = 0.0 , current_time = 0.0; int loop_count = 0 #define CURRENT_TIME ( current_time = static_cast( chrono::duration_cast( chrono::system_clock::now() - watch ).count() / 1000.0 ) ) #define CHECK_WATCH( TL_MS ) ( CURRENT_TIME , loop_count == 0 ? loop_start_time = current_time : loop_average_time = ( current_time - loop_start_time ) / loop_count , ++loop_count , current_time < TL_MS - loop_average_time * 2 - 100.0 ) #define CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE ) CE LL BOUND = VALUE #define SET_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A , 0 , N ){ SET_ASSERT( A[VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A + I] , MIN , MAX ); } #define SET_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA0 , 0 , N0 ){ FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA1 , 0 , N1 ){ SET_ASSERT( A[VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA0 + I0][VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA1 + I1] , MIN , MAX ); } } #define CIN_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) decldecay_t( MAX ) A; SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define CIN_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) vector A( N + I ); SET_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) #define CIN_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) vector A( N0 + I0 , vector( N1 + I1 ) ); SET_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) #define OUTPUT_ARRAY( C , I , N , A ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_OUTPUT_ARRAY , I , N ){ C << A[VARIABLE_FOR_OUTPUT_ARRAY] << " \n"[VARIABLE_FOR_OUTPUT_ARRAY==(N)-1]; } #define FOR( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) for( decldecay_t( FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR < FINAL_PLUS_ONE ; VAR ++ ) #define FOREQ( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( decldecay_t( FINAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR <= FINAL ; VAR ++ ) #define FOREQINV( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( decldecay_t( INITIAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR + 1 > FINAL ; VAR -- ) #define ITR( ARRAY ) auto begin_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .BE() , itr_ ## ARRAY = begin_ ## ARRAY , end_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .EN() #define FOR_ITR( ARRAY ) for( ITR( ARRAY ) , itr = itr_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY != end_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY ++ , itr++ ) #define RUN( ARRAY , ... ) for( auto&& __VA_ARGS__ : ARRAY ) #define REPEAT( HOW_MANY_TIMES ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_REPEAT_ ## HOW_MANY_TIMES , 0 , HOW_MANY_TIMES ) #define SET_PRECISION( DECIMAL_DIGITS ) cout << fixed << setprecision( DECIMAL_DIGITS ); cerr << fixed << setprecision( DECIMAL_DIGITS ) #define RETURN( ... ) SOLVE_ONLY; COUT( __VA_ARGS__ ); RE #define COMPARE( ... ) auto naive = Naive( __VA_ARGS__ , true ); auto answer = Answer( __VA_ARGS__ ); bool match = naive == answer; CERR( "(" , #__VA_ARGS__ , ") == (" , __VA_ARGS__ , ") : Naive == " , naive , match ? "==" : "!=" , answer , "== Answer" ); if( !match ){ RE; } /* 圧縮用 */ #define TE template #define TY typename #define US using #define ST static #define AS assert #define IN inline #define CL class #define PU public #define OP operator #define CE constexpr #define CO const #define NE noexcept #define RE return #define WH while #define VO void #define VE vector #define LI list #define BE begin #define EN end #define SZ size #define LE length #define PW Power #define MO move #define TH this #define CRI CO int& #define CRUI CO uint& #define CRL CO ll& #define VI virtual #define IS basic_istream #define OS basic_ostream #define ST_AS static_assert #define reMO_CO remove_const #define is_COructible_v is_constructible_v #define rBE rbegin #define reSZ resize /* 型のエイリアス */ #define decldecay_t(VAR)decay_t TE US ret_t = decltype(declval()(declval()...)); TE US inner_t = TY T::type; US uint = unsigned int; US ll = long long; US ull = unsigned long long; US ld = long double; US lld = __float128; TE US T2 = pair; TE US T3 = tuple; TE US T4 = tuple; US path = pair; /* VVV 常設ライブラリは以下に挿入する。*/ #ifdef DEBUG #include "C:/Users/user/Documents/Programming/Contest/Template/Local/a_Body.hpp" #else /* BinarySearch (2KB)*/ /* EXPRESSIONがANSWERの広義単調関数の時、EXPRESSION >= CONST_TARGETの整数解を格納。*/ #define BS(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,DESIRED_INEQUALITY,CO_TARGET,INEQUALITY_FOR_CHECK,UPDATE_U,UPDATE_L,UPDATE_AN)ST_AS(! is_same::value && ! is_same::value);ll AN = MINIMUM;{ll AN ## _L = MINIMUM;ll AN ## _R = MAXIMUM;AN = UPDATE_AN;ll EXPRESSION_BS;CO ll CO_TARGET_BS =(CO_TARGET);ll DIFFERENCE_BS;WH(AN ## _L < AN ## _R){DIFFERENCE_BS =(EXPRESSION_BS =(EXPRESSION))- CO_TARGET_BS;if(DIFFERENCE_BS INEQUALITY_FOR_CHECK 0){AN ## _R = UPDATE_U;}else{AN ## _L = UPDATE_L;}AN = UPDATE_AN;}if(AN ## _L > AN ## _R || !((EXPRESSION)DESIRED_INEQUALITY CO_TARGET_BS)){AN = MAXIMUM + 1;}} /* 単調増加の時にEXPRESSION >= CONST_TARGETの最小解を格納。*/ #define BS1(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,CO_TARGET)BS(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,>=,CO_TARGET,>=,AN,AN + 1,(AN ## _L + AN ## _R)/ 2) /* 単調増加の時にEXPRESSION <= CONST_TARGETの最大解を格納。*/ #define BS2(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,CO_TARGET)BS(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,<=,CO_TARGET,>,AN - 1,AN,(AN ## _L + 1 + AN ## _R)/ 2) /* 単調減少の時にEXPRESSION >= CONST_TARGETの最大解を格納。*/ #define BS3(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,CO_TARGET)BS(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,>=,CO_TARGET,<,AN - 1,AN,(AN ## _L + 1 + AN ## _R)/ 2) /* 単調減少の時にEXPRESSION <= CONST_TARGETの最小解を格納。*/ #define BS4(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,CO_TARGET)BS(AN,MINIMUM,MAXIMUM,EXPRESSION,<=,CO_TARGET,<=,AN,AN + 1,(AN ## _L + AN ## _R)/ 2) /* TwoPoitnterApproach (2KB)*/ /* VAR_TPAは尺取り法用の変数名の接頭辞で、実際の変数名ではなく、_Lと_Rと_infoがつく。 ANSWER ## _temp = {VAR_TPA ## _L,VAR_TPA ## _R,VPA_TPA ## _info}を {INIT,INIT,INFO_init}で初期化する。VPA_TPA ## _infoは区間和など。 ANSWER ## _tempがCONTINUE_CONDITIONを満たす限り、ANSWER ## _tempが 条件ON_CONDITIONを満たすか否かを判定し、それがtrueになるか VAR_TAR ## _LがVAR_TAR ## _Rに追い付くまでVAR_TPA ## _LとVPA_TPA ## _infoの 更新操作UPDATE_Lを繰り返し、その後VAR_TPA ## _RとVPA_TPA ## _infoの 更新操作UPDATE_Rを行う。(マクロとコンマの制約上、関数オブジェクトを用いる) ON_CONDITIONがtrueとなる極大閉区間とその時点でのinfoをANSWERに格納する。 例えば長さNの非負整数値配列Aで極大な正値区間とそこでの総和を取得したい場合 auto update_L = [&]( int& i_L , auto& i_info ){ i_info -= A[i_L++]; }; auto update_R = [&]( int& i_R , auto& i_info ){ if( ++i_R < N ){ i_info += A[i_R]; } }; TPA( interval , i , 0 , i_R < N , update_L( i_L , i_info ) , update_R( i_R , i_info ) , A[i_L] > 0 && A[i_R] > 0 , ll( A[0] ) ); とすればtuple値配列intervalに{左端,右端,総和}の列が格納される。*/ #define TPA(AN,VAR_TPA,INIT,CONTINUE_CONDITION,UPDATE_L,UPDATE_R,ON_CONDITION,INFO_init)VE> AN{};{auto init_TPA = INIT;decldecay_t(AN.front())AN ## _temp ={init_TPA,init_TPA,INFO_init};auto AN ## _prev = AN ## _temp;auto& VAR_TPA ## _L = get<0>(AN ## _temp);auto& VAR_TPA ## _R = get<1>(AN ## _temp);auto& VAR_TPA ## _info = get<2>(AN ## _temp);bool on_TPA_prev = false;WH(true){bool continuing = CONTINUE_CONDITION;bool on_TPA = continuing &&(ON_CONDITION);if(on_TPA_prev && ! on_TPA){AN.push_back(AN ## _prev);}if(continuing){if(on_TPA || VAR_TPA ## _L == VAR_TPA ## _R){AN ## _prev = AN ## _temp;UPDATE_R;}else{UPDATE_L;}}else{break;}on_TPA_prev = on_TPA;}} /* Random (1KB)*/ ll GetRand(CRI Rand_min,CRI Rand_max){AS(Rand_min <= Rand_max);ll AN = time(NULL);RE AN * rand()%(Rand_max + 1 - Rand_min)+ Rand_min;} /* Set (1KB)*/ #define DC_OF_HASH(...)struct hash<__VA_ARGS__>{IN size_t OP()(CO __VA_ARGS__& n)CO;}; CL is_ordered{PU:is_ordered()= delete;TE ST CE auto Check(CO T& t)-> decltype(t < t,true_type());ST CE false_type Check(...);TE ST CE CO bool value = is_same_v< decltype(Check(declval())),true_type >;}; TE US Set = conditional_t>,unordered_set,conditional_t,set,VO>>; /* Tuple (5KB)*/ #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(OPR)TE TY V> IN auto OP OPR ## =(V& t0,CO V& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);RE t0;}TE IN tuple& OP OPR ## =(tuple& t0,CO tuple& t1){get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);get<2>(t0)OPR ## = get<2>(t1);RE t0;}TE IN tuple& OP OPR ## =(tuple& t0,CO tuple& t1){get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);get<2>(t0)OPR ## = get<2>(t1);get<3>(t0)OPR ## = get<3>(t1);RE t0;}TE TY V> IN auto OP OPR ## =(V& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE IN tuple& OP OPR ## =(tuple& t0,CO ARG& t1){get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<2>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE IN tuple& OP OPR ## =(tuple& t0,CO ARG& t1){get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<2>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<3>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE TY V,TY...ARGS,TY ARG> IN auto OP OPR(CO V& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decldecay_t((get<0>(t0),t0)){auto t = t0;RE MO(t OPR ## = t1);} #define DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(INCR)TE TY V> IN auto OP INCR(V& t)-> decltype((get<0>(t),t))&{INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);RE t;}TE IN tuple& OP INCR(tuple& t){INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);INCR get<2>(t);RE t;}TE IN tuple& OP INCR(tuple& t){INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);INCR get<2>(t);INCR get<3>(t);RE t;} TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg);}TE TY V> IN auto OP>>(IS& is,V& arg)-> decltype((get<0>(arg),is))&{RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg);}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg)>> get<2>(arg);}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg)>> get<2>(arg)>> get<3>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg);}TE TY V> IN auto OP<<(OS& os,CO V& arg)-> decltype((get<0>(arg),os))&{RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg)<< " " << get<2>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg)<< " " << get<2>(arg)<< " " << get<3>(arg);}DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(+);TE TY V> IN auto OP-(CO V& t)-> decltype(get<0>(t),t){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t)};}TE IN tuple OP-(CO tuple& t){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t),-get<2>(t)};}TE IN tuple OP-(CO tuple& t){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t),-get<2>(t),-get<3>(t)};}DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(%);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(++);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(--); #define DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(PAIR)TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO PAIR& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash h0;ST CO hash h1;RE(h0(get<0>(n))* seed)^ h1(get<1>(n));} TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(pair);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple); TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO hash h;RE h(get<0>(n));}DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(pair);DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(tuple);TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash> h01;ST CO hash h2;RE(h01({get<0>(n),get<1>(n)})* seed)^ h2(get<2>(n));}TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash> h01;ST CO hash> h23;RE(h01({get<0>(n),get<1>(n)})* seed)^ h23({get<2>(n),get<3>(n)});} /* Vector (2KB)*/ #define DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(V)TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO V& arg){auto BE = arg.BE(),EN = arg.EN();auto IT = BE;WH(IT != EN){(IT == BE?os:os << " ")<< *IT;IT++;}RE os;} #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,OPR)TE IN V& OP OPR ## =(V& a,CO T& t){for(auto& s:a){s OPR ## = t;}RE a;}TE IN V& OP OPR ## =(V& a0,CO V& a1){AS(a0.SZ()<= a1.SZ());auto IT0 = a0.BE(),EN0 = a0.EN();auto IT1 = a1.BE();WH(IT0 != EN0){*(IT0++)OPR ## = *(IT1++);}RE a0;}TE IN V OP OPR(V a,CO U& u){RE MO(a OPR ## = u);} #define DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,INCR)TE IN V& OP INCR(V& a){for(auto& i:a){INCR i;}RE a;} #define DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(V)DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,%);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,++);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,--);TE IN V OP*(CO T& scalar,V v){for(auto& t:v){t *= scalar;}RE MO(v);} DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(VE);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(LI);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(set);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(unordered_set);DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(VE);DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(LI);IN VO VariadicResize(CRI SZ){}TE IN VO VariadicResize(CRI SZ,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){arg.resize(SZ);VariadicResize(SZ,args...);}TE IN auto Get(V& a){RE[&](CRI i = 0)-> CO decldecay_t(a[0])&{RE a[i];};}TE IN VE id(CRI SZ){VE AN(SZ);FOR(i,0,SZ){AN[i]= i;}RE AN;}TE VO Sort(VE& a,CO bool& reversed = false){if(reversed){ST auto comp =[](CO T& t0,CO T& t1){RE t1 < t0;};sort(a.BE(),a.EN(),comp);}else{sort(a.BE(),a.EN());}}TE IN VE IndexSort(CO VE& a,CO bool& reversed = false){auto index = id(a.SZ());if(reversed){sort(index.BE(),index.EN(),[&](CRI i,CRI j){RE a[j]< a[i];});}else{sort(index.BE(),index.EN(),[&](CRI i,CRI j){RE a[i]< a[j];});}RE index;} /* Map (1KB)*/ #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,OPR)TE IN MAP& OP OPR ## =(MAP& a,CO pair& v){a[v.first]OPR ## = v.second;RE a;}TE IN MAP& OP OPR ## =(MAP& a0,CO MAP& a1){for(auto&[t,u]:a1){a0[t]OPR ## = u;}RE a0;}TE IN MAP OP OPR(MAP a,CO ARG& arg){RE MO(a OPR ## = arg);} #define DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(MAP)DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,%); TE US Map = conditional_t>,unordered_map,conditional_t,map,VO>>; DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(map);DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(unordered_map); /* StdStream (2KB)*/ TE IN IS& VariadicCin(IS& is){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicCin(IS& is,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicCin(is >> arg,args...);}TE IN IS& VariadicSet(IS& is,CRI i){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicSet(IS& is,CRI i,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicSet(is >> arg[i],i,args...);}TE IN IS& VariadicGetline(IS& is,CO char& separator){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicGetline(IS& is,CO char& separator,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicGetline(getline(is,arg,separator),separator,args...);}TE IN OS& VariadicCout(OS& os,Arg&& arg){RE os << forward(arg);}TE IN OS& VariadicCout(OS& os,Arg1&& arg1,Arg2&& arg2,ARGS&&... args){RE VariadicCout(os << forward(arg1)<< " ",forward(arg2),forward(args)...);}TE IN OS& VariadicCoutNonSep(OS& os,Arg&& arg){RE os << forward(arg);}TE IN OS& VariadicCoutNonSep(OS& os,Arg1&& arg1,Arg2&& arg2,ARGS&&... args){RE VariadicCoutNonSep(os << forward(arg1),forward(arg2),forward(args)...);}TE IN OS& CoutArray(OS& os,CRI i_start,CRI i_ulim,ARRAY&& a){for(int i = i_start;i < i_ulim;i++){(i == i_start?os:(os << " "))<< a[i];}RE os;} /* Module (6KB)*/ #define DC_OF_CPOINT(POINT)IN CO U& POINT()CO NE #define DC_OF_POINT(POINT)IN U& POINT()NE #define DF_OF_CPOINT(POINT)TE IN CO U& VirtualPointedSet::POINT()CO NE{RE Point();} #define DF_OF_POINT(POINT)TE IN U& VirtualPointedSet::POINT()NE{RE Point();} TE CL UnderlyingSet{PU:US type = U;};TE CL VirtualPointedSet:VI PU UnderlyingSet{PU:VI CO U& Point()CO NE = 0;VI U& Point()NE = 0;DC_OF_CPOINT(Unit);DC_OF_CPOINT(Zero);DC_OF_CPOINT(One);DC_OF_CPOINT(Infty);DC_OF_POINT(init);DC_OF_POINT(root);};TE CL PointedSet:VI PU VirtualPointedSet{PU:U m_b_U;IN PointedSet(U b_u = U());IN CO U& Point()CO NE;IN U& Point()NE;};TE CL VirtualNSet:VI PU UnderlyingSet{PU:VI U Transfer(CO U& u)= 0;IN U Inverse(CO U& u);};TE CL AbstractNSet:VI PU VirtualNSet{PU:F_U m_f_U;IN AbstractNSet(F_U f_U);IN AbstractNSet& OP=(CO AbstractNSet&)NE;IN U Transfer(CO U& u);};TE CL VirtualMagma:VI PU UnderlyingSet{PU:VI U Product(U u0,CO U& u1)= 0;IN U Sum(U u0,CO U& u1);};TE CL AdditiveMagma:VI PU VirtualMagma{PU:IN U Product(U u0,CO U& u1);};TE CL MultiplicativeMagma:VI PU VirtualMagma{PU:IN U Product(U u0,CO U& u1);};TE CL AbstractMagma:VI PU VirtualMagma{PU:M_U m_m_U;IN AbstractMagma(M_U m_U);IN AbstractMagma& OP=(CO AbstractMagma&)NE;IN U Product(U u0,CO U& u1);}; TE IN PointedSet::PointedSet(U b_U):m_b_U(MO(b_U)){}TE IN CO U& PointedSet::Point()CO NE{RE m_b_U;}TE IN U& PointedSet::Point()NE{RE m_b_U;}DF_OF_CPOINT(Unit);DF_OF_CPOINT(Zero);DF_OF_CPOINT(One);DF_OF_CPOINT(Infty);DF_OF_POINT(init);DF_OF_POINT(root);TE IN AbstractNSet::AbstractNSet(F_U f_U):m_f_U(MO(f_U)){ST_AS(is_invocable_r_v);}TE IN AbstractNSet& AbstractNSet::operator=(CO AbstractNSet&)NE{RE *TH;}TE IN U AbstractNSet::Transfer(CO U& u){RE m_f_U(u);}TE IN U VirtualNSet::Inverse(CO U& u){RE Transfer(u);}TE IN AbstractMagma::AbstractMagma(M_U m_U):m_m_U(MO(m_U)){ST_AS(is_invocable_r_v);}TE IN AbstractMagma& AbstractMagma::OP=(CO AbstractMagma&)NE{RE *TH;}TE IN U AdditiveMagma::Product(U u0,CO U& u1){RE MO(u0 += u1);}TE IN U MultiplicativeMagma::Product(U u0,CO U& u1){RE MO(u0 *= u1);}TE IN U AbstractMagma::Product(U u0,CO U& u1){RE m_m_U(MO(u0),u1);}TE IN U VirtualMagma::Sum(U u0,CO U& u1){RE Product(MO(u0),u1);} TE CL VirtualMonoid:VI PU VirtualMagma,VI PU VirtualPointedSet{};TE CL AdditiveMonoid:VI PU VirtualMonoid,PU AdditiveMagma,PU PointedSet{};TE CL MultiplicativeMonoid:VI PU VirtualMonoid,PU MultiplicativeMagma,PU PointedSet{PU:IN MultiplicativeMonoid(U e_U);};TE CL AbstractMonoid:VI PU VirtualMonoid,PU AbstractMagma,PU PointedSet{PU:IN AbstractMonoid(M_U m_U,U e_U);}; TE IN MultiplicativeMonoid::MultiplicativeMonoid(U e_U):PointedSet(MO(e_U)){}TE IN AbstractMonoid::AbstractMonoid(M_U m_U,U e_U):AbstractMagma(MO(m_U)),PointedSet(MO(e_U)){} TE CL VirtualGroup:VI PU VirtualMonoid,VI PU VirtualPointedSet,VI PU VirtualNSet{};TE CL AdditiveGroup:VI PU VirtualGroup,PU AdditiveMonoid{PU:IN U Transfer(CO U& u);};TE CL AbstractGroup:VI PU VirtualGroup,PU AbstractMonoid,PU AbstractNSet{PU:IN AbstractGroup(M_U m_U,U e_U,I_U i_U);}; TE IN AbstractGroup::AbstractGroup(M_U m_U,U e_U,I_U i_U):AbstractMonoid(MO(m_U),MO(e_U)),AbstractNSet(MO(i_U)){}TE IN U AdditiveGroup::Transfer(CO U& u){RE -u;} TE CL VirtualRSet:VI PU UnderlyingSet{PU:VI U Action(CO R& r,U u)= 0;IN U PW(U u,CO R& r);IN U ScalarProduct(CO R& r,U u);};TE CL RegularRSet:VI PU VirtualRSet,PU MAGMA{PU:IN RegularRSet(MAGMA magma);IN U Action(CO U& r,U u);};TE RegularRSet(MAGMA magma)-> RegularRSet,MAGMA>;TE CL AbstractRSet:VI PU VirtualRSet{PU:O_U m_o_U;IN AbstractRSet(CO R& dummy0,CO U& dummy1,O_U o_U);IN AbstractRSet& OP=(CO AbstractRSet&)NE;IN U Action(CO R& r,U u);};TE CL AbstractModule:PU AbstractRSet,PU GROUP{PU:IN AbstractModule(CO R& dummy,O_U o_U,GROUP M);};TE AbstractModule(CO R& dummy,O_U o_U,GROUP M)-> AbstractModule,O_U,GROUP>;TE CL Module:VI PU VirtualRSet,PU AdditiveGroup{PU:IN U Action(CO R& r,U u);}; TE IN RegularRSet::RegularRSet(MAGMA magma):MAGMA(MO(magma)){}TE IN AbstractRSet::AbstractRSet(CO R& dummy0,CO U& dummy1,O_U o_U):m_o_U(MO(o_U)){ST_AS(is_invocable_r_v);}TE IN AbstractModule::AbstractModule(CO R& dummy,O_U o_U,GROUP M):AbstractRSet(dummy,M.One(),MO(o_U)),GROUP(MO(M)){ST_AS(is_same_v>);}TE IN AbstractRSet& AbstractRSet::OP=(CO AbstractRSet&)NE{RE *TH;}TE IN U RegularRSet::Action(CO U& r,U u){RE TH->Product(r,MO(u));}TE IN U AbstractRSet::Action(CO R& r,U u){RE m_o_U(r,MO(u));}TE IN U Module::Action(CO R& r,U u){RE MO(u *= r);}TE IN U VirtualRSet::PW(U u,CO R& r){RE Action(r,MO(u));}TE IN U VirtualRSet::ScalarProduct(CO R& r,U u){RE Action(r,MO(u));} /* Graph (5KB)*/ TE CL VirtualGraph:VI PU UnderlyingSet{PU:VI R1 Enumeration(CRI i)= 0;IN R2 Enumeration_inv(CO T& t);TE IN R2 Enumeration_inv(CO PATH& p);IN VO Reset();VI CRI SZ()CO NE = 0;VI E& edge()NE = 0;VI ret_t Edge(CO T& t)= 0;TE IN ret_t Edge(CO PATH& p);ST IN CO T& Vertex(CO T& t)NE;TE ST IN CO T& Vertex(CO PATH& e)NE;VI R2 Enumeration_inv_Body(CO T& t)= 0;};TE CL EdgeImplimentation:VI PU VirtualGraph{PU:int m_SZ;E m_edge;IN EdgeImplimentation(CRI SZ,E edge);IN CRI SZ()CO NE;IN E& edge()NE;IN ret_t Edge(CO T& t);};TE CL Graph:PU EdgeImplimentation{PU:IN Graph(CRI SZ,E edge);IN CRI Enumeration(CRI i);TE IN Graph GetGraph(F edge)CO;IN CRI Enumeration_inv_Body(CRI t);};TE CL EnumerationGraph:PU EdgeImplimentation,ret_t,E>{PU:Enum_T m_enum_T;Enum_T_inv m_enum_T_inv;IN EnumerationGraph(CRI SZ,Enum_T enum_T,Enum_T_inv enum_T_inv,E edge);IN ret_t Enumeration(CRI i);TE IN EnumerationGraph GetGraph(F edge)CO;IN ret_t Enumeration_inv_Body(CO T& t);};TE EnumerationGraph(CRI SZ,Enum_T enum_T,Enum_T_inv enum_T_inv,E edge)-> EnumerationGraph()(0)),Enum_T,Enum_T_inv,E>;TE CL MemorisationGraph:PU EdgeImplimentation{PU:int m_LE;VE m_memory;Map m_memory_inv;IN MemorisationGraph(CRI SZ,CO T& dummy,E edge);IN T Enumeration(CRI i);IN VO Reset();TE IN MemorisationGraph GetGraph(F edge)CO;IN CRI Enumeration_inv_Body(CO T& t);}; TE IN EdgeImplimentation::EdgeImplimentation(CRI SZ,E edge):m_SZ(SZ),m_edge(MO(edge)){ST_AS(is_COructible_v && is_COructible_v && is_invocable_v);}TE IN Graph::Graph(CRI SZ,E edge):EdgeImplimentation(SZ,MO(edge)){}TE IN EnumerationGraph::EnumerationGraph(CRI SZ,Enum_T enum_T,Enum_T_inv enum_T_inv,E edge):EdgeImplimentation,ret_t,E>(SZ,MO(edge)),m_enum_T(MO(enum_T)),m_enum_T_inv(MO(enum_T_inv)){}TE IN MemorisationGraph::MemorisationGraph(CRI SZ,CO T& dummy,E edge):EdgeImplimentation(SZ,MO(edge)),m_LE(),m_memory(),m_memory_inv(){ST_AS(is_invocable_v);}TE IN CRI Graph::Enumeration(CRI i){RE i;}TE IN ret_t EnumerationGraph::Enumeration(CRI i){RE m_enum_T(i);}TE IN T MemorisationGraph::Enumeration(CRI i){AS(0 <= i && i < m_LE);RE m_memory[i];}TE IN R2 VirtualGraph::Enumeration_inv(CO T& t){RE Enumeration_inv_Body(t);}TE TE IN R2 VirtualGraph::Enumeration_inv(CO PATH& p){RE Enumeration_inv_Body(get<0>(p));}TE IN CRI Graph::Enumeration_inv_Body(CRI i){RE i;}TE IN ret_t EnumerationGraph::Enumeration_inv_Body(CO T& t){RE m_enum_T_inv(t);}TE IN CRI MemorisationGraph::Enumeration_inv_Body(CO T& t){if(m_memory_inv.count(t)== 0){AS(m_LE < TH->SZ());m_memory.push_back(t);RE m_memory_inv[t]= m_LE++;}RE m_memory_inv[t];}TE VO VirtualGraph::Reset(){}TE IN VO MemorisationGraph::Reset(){m_LE = 0;m_memory.clear();m_memory_inv.clear();}TE IN CRI EdgeImplimentation::SZ()CO NE{RE m_SZ;}TE IN E& EdgeImplimentation::edge()NE{RE m_edge;}TE IN ret_t EdgeImplimentation::Edge(CO T& t){RE m_edge(t);}TE TE IN ret_t VirtualGraph::Edge(CO PATH& p){RE Edge(get<0>(p));}TE TE IN Graph Graph::GetGraph(F edge)CO{RE Graph(TH->SZ(),MO(edge));}TE TE IN EnumerationGraph EnumerationGraph::GetGraph(F edge)CO{RE EnumerationGraph(TH->SZ(),m_enum_T,m_enum_T_inv,MO(edge));}TE TE IN MemorisationGraph MemorisationGraph::GetGraph(F edge)CO{RE MemorisationGraph(TH->SZ(),MO(edge));}TE IN CO T& VirtualGraph::Vertex(CO T& t)NE{RE t;}TE TE IN CO T& VirtualGraph::Vertex(CO PATH& e)NE{RE Vertex(get<0>(e));} /* Grid (2KB)*/ #define SET_GRID H_minus = H - 1;W_minus = W - 1;HW = ll(H)* W #define SET_HW(h,w)H = h;W = w;SET_GRID #define CIN_HW SET(H,W);SET_GRID TE CL GridGraph:PU EnumerationGraph,T2(&)(CRI),int(&)(CO T2&),E>{PU:IN GridGraph(E e);};int H,W,H_minus,W_minus;ll HW;VE grid;char walkable = '.',unwalkable = '#'; IN T2 EnumHW(CRI v){RE{v / W,v % W};}IN int EnumHW_inv(CO T2& ij){auto&[i,j]= ij;RE i * W + j;}TE IN GridGraph::GridGraph(E e):EnumerationGraph,T2(&)(CRI),int(&)(CO T2&),E>(HW,EnumHW,EnumHW_inv,MO(e)){AS(HW >> 31 == 0 && H * W == HW);}VE> EdgeOnGrid(CO T2& v){VE> AN{};auto&[i,j]= v;if(grid[i][j]== walkable){if(i > 0 && grid[i-1][j]== walkable){AN.push_back({i-1,j});}if(i+1 < H && grid[i+1][j]== walkable){AN.push_back({i+1,j});}if(j > 0 && grid[i][j-1]== walkable){AN.push_back({i,j-1});}if(j+1 < W && grid[i][j+1]== walkable){AN.push_back({i,j+1});}}RE AN;}VE,ll>> WEdgeOnGrid(CO T2& v){VE,ll>> AN{};auto&[i,j]= v;if(grid[i][j]== walkable){if(i>0 && grid[i-1][j]== walkable){AN.push_back({{i-1,j},1});}if(i+1 < H && grid[i+1][j]== walkable){AN.push_back({{i+1,j},1});}if(j>0 && grid[i][j-1]== walkable){AN.push_back({{i,j-1},1});}if(j+1 < W && grid[i][j+1]== walkable){AN.push_back({{i,j+1},1});}}RE AN;}IN VO SetWallStringOnGrid(){grid.resize(H);for(int i = 0;i < H;i++){SET(grid[i]);AS(int(grid[i].SZ())== W);}}CO string direction="URDL";IN int DirectionNumberOnGrid(CRI i,CRI j,CRI k,CRI h){RE i < k?2:i > k?0:j < h?1:(AS(j > h),3);}IN int DirectionNumberOnGrid(CO T2& v,CO T2& w){auto&[i,j]= v;auto&[k,h]= w;RE DirectionNumberOnGrid(i,j,k,h);}IN int DirectionNumberOnGrid(CRI v,CRI w){RE DirectionNumberOnGrid(EnumHW(v),EnumHW(w));}IN int ReverseDirectionNumberOnGrid(CRI n){AS(0 <= n && n<4);RE n ^ 2;} /* ConstexprModulo (7KB)*/ CEXPR(uint,P,998244353); #define RP Represent #define DeRP Derepresent TE CE INT Residue(INT n)NE{RE MO(n < 0?((((++n)*= -1)%= M)*= -1)+= M - 1:n < INT(M)?n:n %= M);}TE CE INT& ResidueP(INT& n)NE{CE CO uint trunc =(1 << 23)- 1;INT n_u = n >> 23;n &= trunc;INT n_uq =(n_u / 7)/ 17;n_u -= n_uq * 119;n += n_u << 23;RE n < n_uq?n += P - n_uq:n -= n_uq;} TE CL Mod;TE CL COantsForMod{PU:COantsForMod()= delete;ST CE CO uint g_memory_bound = 1e6;ST CE CO uint g_memory_LE = M < g_memory_bound?M:g_memory_bound;ST CE uint g_M_minus = M - 1;ST CE int g_order_minus_1 = M - 2;ST CE int g_order_minus_1_neg = -g_order_minus_1;}; #define SFINAE_FOR_MOD enable_if_t>>* #define DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(OPR)CE bool OP OPR(CO Mod& n)CO NE #define DC_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(OPR,EX)CE Mod OP OPR(Mod n)CO EX; #define DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(OPR)TE CE bool Mod::OP OPR(CO Mod& n)CO NE{RE m_n OPR n.m_n;} #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(OPR,EX,LEFT,OPR2)TE CE Mod Mod::OP OPR(Mod n)CO EX{RE MO(LEFT OPR2 ## = *TH);}TE CE Mod OP OPR(T n0,CO Mod& n1)EX{RE MO(Mod(MO(n0))OPR ## = n1);} TE CL Mod{PU:uint m_n;CE Mod()NE;CE Mod(CO Mod& n)NE;CE Mod(Mod&& n)NE;TE CE Mod(T n)NE;CE Mod& OP=(Mod n)NE;CE Mod& OP+=(CO Mod& n)NE;CE Mod& OP-=(CO Mod& n)NE;CE Mod& OP*=(CO Mod& n)NE;IN Mod& OP/=(Mod n);TE CE Mod& OP<<=(INT n);TE CE Mod& OP>>=(INT n);CE Mod& OP++()NE;CE Mod OP++(int)NE;CE Mod& OP--()NE;CE Mod OP--(int)NE;DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(==);DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(!=);DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(<);DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(<=);DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(>);DC_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(>=);DC_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(+,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(-,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(*,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(/,);TE CE Mod OP^(INT EX)CO;TE CE Mod OP<<(INT n)CO;TE CE Mod OP>>(INT n)CO;CE Mod OP-()CO NE;CE Mod& SignInvert()NE;IN Mod& Invert();TE CE Mod& PW(INT EX);CE VO swap(Mod& n)NE;CE CRUI RP()CO NE;ST CE Mod DeRP(uint n)NE;ST IN CO Mod& Inverse(CRUI n);ST IN CO Mod& Factorial(CRUI n);ST IN CO Mod& FactorialInverse(CRUI n);ST IN Mod Combination(CRUI n,CRUI i);ST IN CO Mod& zero()NE;ST IN CO Mod& one()NE;ST IN CE uint GetModulo()NE;TE CE Mod& PositivePW(INT EX)NE;TE CE Mod& NonNegativePW(INT EX)NE;US COants = COantsForMod;}; US MP = Mod

; TE CE Mod::Mod()NE:m_n(){}TE CE Mod::Mod(CO Mod& n)NE:m_n(n.m_n){}TE CE Mod::Mod(Mod&& n)NE:m_n(MO(n.m_n)){}TE TE CE Mod::Mod(T n)NE:m_n(Residue(MO(n))){}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP=(Mod n)NE{m_n = MO(n.m_n);RE *TH;}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP+=(CO Mod& n)NE{(m_n += n.m_n)< M?m_n:m_n -= M;RE *TH;}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP-=(CO Mod& n)NE{m_n < n.m_n?(m_n += M)-= n.m_n:m_n -= n.m_n;RE *TH;}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP*=(CO Mod& n)NE{m_n = MO(ull(m_n)* n.m_n)% M;RE *TH;}TE <> CE MP& MP::OP*=(CO MP& n)NE{ull m_n_copy = m_n;m_n = MO((m_n_copy *= n.m_n)< P?m_n_copy:ResidueP(m_n_copy));RE *TH;}TE IN Mod& Mod::OP/=(Mod n){RE OP*=(n.Invert());}TE TE CE Mod& Mod::OP<<=(INT n){AS(n >= 0);RE *TH *= Mod(2).NonNegativePW(MO(n));}TE TE CE Mod& Mod::OP>>=(INT n){AS(n >=0);WH(n-- > 0){((m_n & 1)== 0?m_n:m_n += M)>>= 1;}RE *TH;}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP++()NE{m_n < COants::g_M_minus?++m_n:m_n = 0;RE *TH;}TE CE Mod Mod::OP++(int)NE{Mod n{*TH};OP++();RE n;}TE CE Mod& Mod::OP--()NE{m_n == 0?m_n = COants::g_M_minus:--m_n;RE *TH;}TE CE Mod Mod::OP--(int)NE{Mod n{*TH};OP--();RE n;}DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(==);DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(!=);DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(>);DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(>=);DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(<);DF_OF_CM_FOR_MOD(<=);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(+,NE,n,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(-,NE,n.SignInvert(),+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(*,NE,n,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MOD(/,,n.Invert(),*);TE TE CE Mod Mod::OP^(INT EX)CO{RE MO(Mod(*TH).PW(MO(EX)));}TE TE CE Mod Mod::OP<<(INT n)CO{RE MO(Mod(*TH)<<= MO(n));}TE TE CE Mod Mod::OP>>(INT n)CO{RE MO(Mod(*TH)>>= MO(n));}TE CE Mod Mod::OP-()CO NE{RE MO(Mod(*TH).SignInvert());}TE CE Mod& Mod::SignInvert()NE{m_n > 0?m_n = M - m_n:m_n;RE *TH;}TE IN Mod& Mod::Invert(){AS(m_n != 0);uint m_n_neg;RE m_n < COants::g_memory_LE?(m_n = Inverse(m_n).m_n,*TH):((m_n_neg = M - m_n)< COants::g_memory_LE)?(m_n = M - Inverse(m_n_neg).m_n,*TH):NonNegativePW(COants::g_order_minus_1);}TE TE CE Mod& Mod::PositivePW(INT EX)NE{Mod PW{*TH};EX--;WH(EX != 0){(EX & 1)== 1?*TH *= PW:*TH;EX >>= 1;PW *= PW;}RE *TH;}TE TE CE Mod& Mod::NonNegativePW(INT EX)NE{RE EX == 0?(m_n = 1,*TH):PositivePW(MO(EX));}TE TE CE Mod& Mod::PW(INT EX){bool neg = EX < 0;AS(!(neg && m_n == 0));RE neg?PositivePW(ll(MO(EX %= COants::g_M_minus))* COants::g_order_minus_1_neg %COants::g_M_minus):NonNegativePW(MO(EX));}TE CE VO Mod::swap(Mod& n)NE{std::swap(m_n,n.m_n);}TE IN CO Mod& Mod::Inverse(CRUI n){AS(n < M);ST VE> memory ={zero(),one()};ST uint LE_curr = 2;WH(LE_curr <= n){memory.push_back(DeRP(M - memory[M % LE_curr].m_n * ull(M / LE_curr)% M));LE_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN CO Mod& Mod::Factorial(CRUI n){if(M <= n){RE zero();}ST VE> memory ={one(),one()};ST uint LE_curr = 2;WH(LE_curr <= n){memory.push_back(memory[LE_curr - 1]* LE_curr);LE_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN CO Mod& Mod::FactorialInverse(CRUI n){ST VE> memory ={one(),one()};ST uint LE_curr = 2;WH(LE_curr <= n){memory.push_back(memory[LE_curr - 1]* Inverse(LE_curr));LE_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN Mod Mod::Combination(CRUI n,CRUI i){RE i <= n?Factorial(n)* FactorialInverse(i)* FactorialInverse(n - i):zero();}TE CE CRUI Mod::RP()CO NE{RE m_n;}TE CE Mod Mod::DeRP(uint n)NE{Mod n_copy{};n_copy.m_n = MO(n);RE n_copy;}TE IN CO Mod& Mod::zero()NE{ST CE CO Mod z{};RE z;}TE IN CO Mod& Mod::one()NE{ST CE CO Mod o{1};RE o;}TE IN CE uint Mod::GetModulo()NE{RE M;}TE IN Mod Inverse(CO Mod& n){RE MO(Mod(n).Invert());}TE CE Mod PW(Mod n,INT EX){RE MO(n.PW(MO(EX)));}TE CE VO swap(Mod& n0,Mod& n1)NE{n0.swap(n1);}TE IN string to_string(CO Mod& n)NE{RE to_string(n.RP())+ " + " + to_string(M)+ "Z";}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,Mod& n){ll m;is >> m;n = m;RE is;}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO Mod& n){RE os << n.RP();} #define DF_OF_HASH_FOR_MOD(MOD)IN size_t hash::OP()(CO MOD& n)CO{ST CO hash h;RE h(n.RP());} TE DC_OF_HASH(Mod); TE DF_OF_HASH_FOR_MOD(Mod); /* Loop (1KB)*/ TE bool NextLoop(CRI SZ,CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_limit,VE& index){int depth = 0;WH(depth < SZ){if(++index[depth]< upper_limit[depth]){break;}index[depth]= lower_bound[depth];depth++;}RE depth < SZ;}TE bool NextLoop(CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_limit,VE& index){RE NextLoop(index.SZ(),lower_bound,upper_limit,index);}TE bool NextLoopEq(CRI SZ,CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_bound,VE& index){int depth = 0;WH(depth < SZ){if(++index[depth]<= upper_bound[depth]){break;}index[depth]= lower_bound[depth];depth++;}RE depth < SZ;}TE bool NextLoopEq(CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_bound,VE& index){RE NextLoopEq(index.SZ(),lower_bound,upper_bound,index);} /* string (1KB)*/ TE IN char IntToChar(CO INT& i,CO char& c = 'a'){RE c + i;}TE IN INT CharToInt(CO char& i){RE i -(i < 'a'?'A':'a');}TE string ArrayToString(CO VE& A,CO char& c = 'a'){CO int N = A.SZ();string S(N,c);for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){S[i]= IntToChar(A[i],c);}RE S;}TE VE StringToArray(CO string& S){CO int N = S.SZ();VE A(N);for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){A[i]= CharToInt(S[i]);}RE A;} #endif /* AAA 常設ライブラリは以上に挿入する。*/ #define INCLUDE_LIBRARY #include __FILE__ #endif /* INCLUDE_LIBRARY */ #endif /* INCLUDE_SUB */ #endif /* INCLUDE_MAIN */