// #pragma GCC target("avx2") // #pragma GCC optimize("O3") // #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") // #define INTERACTIVE #include using namespace std; namespace templates { // type using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; using Pii = pair; using Pil = pair; using Pli = pair; using Pll = pair; template using pq = priority_queue; template using qp = priority_queue, greater>; // clang-format off #define vec(T, A, ...) vector A(__VA_ARGS__); #define vvec(T, A, h, ...) vector> A(h, vector(__VA_ARGS__)); #define vvvec(T, A, h1, h2, ...) vector>> A(h1, vector>(h2, vector(__VA_ARGS__))); // clang-format on // for loop #define fori1(a) for (ll _ = 0; _ < (a); _++) #define fori2(i, a) for (ll i = 0; i < (a); i++) #define fori3(i, a, b) for (ll i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define fori4(i, a, b, c) for (ll i = (a); ((c) > 0 || i > (b)) && ((c) < 0 || i < (b)); i += (c)) #define overload4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define fori(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, fori4, fori3, fori2, fori1)(__VA_ARGS__) // declare and input // clang-format off #define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__; inp(__VA_ARGS__); #define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__; inp(__VA_ARGS__); #define STRING(...) string __VA_ARGS__; inp(__VA_ARGS__); #define CHAR(...) char __VA_ARGS__; inp(__VA_ARGS__); #define DOUBLE(...) double __VA_ARGS__; STRING(str___); __VA_ARGS__ = stod(str___); #define VEC(T, A, n) vector A(n); inp(A); #define VVEC(T, A, n, m) vector> A(n, vector(m)); inp(A); // clang-format on // const value const ll MOD1 = 1000000007; const ll MOD9 = 998244353; const double PI = acos(-1); // other macro #if !defined(RIN__LOCAL) && !defined(INTERACTIVE) #define endl "\n" #endif #define spa ' ' #define len(A) ll(A.size()) #define all(A) begin(A), end(A) // function vector stoc(string &S) { int n = S.size(); vector ret(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret[i] = S[i]; return ret; } string ctos(vector &S) { int n = S.size(); string ret = ""; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ret += S[i]; return ret; } template auto min(const T &a) { return *min_element(all(a)); } template auto max(const T &a) { return *max_element(all(a)); } template auto clamp(T &a, const S &l, const S &r) { return (a > r ? r : a < l ? l : a); } template inline bool chmax(T &a, const S &b) { return (a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0); } template inline bool chmin(T &a, const S &b) { return (a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0); } template inline bool chclamp(T &a, const S &l, const S &r) { auto b = clamp(a, l, r); return (a != b ? a = b, 1 : 0); } template T sum(vector &A) { T tot = 0; for (auto a : A) tot += a; return tot; } template vector compression(vector X) { sort(all(X)); X.erase(unique(all(X)), X.end()); return X; } // input and output namespace io { // __int128_t std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t value) { std::ostream::sentry s(dest); if (s) { __uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value; char buffer[128]; char *d = std::end(buffer); do { --d; *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10]; tmp /= 10; } while (tmp != 0); if (value < 0) { --d; *d = '-'; } int len = std::end(buffer) - d; if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) { dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit); } } return dest; } // vector template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &A) { for (auto &a : A) is >> a; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector &A) { for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); i++) { os << A[i]; if (i != A.size() - 1) os << ' '; } return os; } // vector> template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector> &A) { for (auto &a : A) is >> a; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector> &A) { for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); i++) { os << A[i]; if (i != A.size() - 1) os << endl; } return os; } // pair template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &A) { is >> A.first >> A.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair &A) { os << A.first << ' ' << A.second; return os; } // vector> template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector> &A) { for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); i++) { is >> A[i]; } return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector> &A) { for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); i++) { os << A[i]; if (i != A.size() - 1) os << endl; } return os; } // tuple template struct TuplePrint { static ostream &print(ostream &os, const T &t) { TuplePrint::print(os, t); os << ' ' << get(t); return os; } }; template struct TuplePrint { static ostream &print(ostream &os, const T &t) { os << get<0>(t); return os; } }; template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple &t) { TuplePrint::print(os, t); return os; } // io functions void FLUSH() { cout << flush; } void print() { cout << endl; } template void print(Head &&head, Tail &&...tail) { cout << head; if (sizeof...(Tail)) cout << spa; print(std::forward(tail)...); } template void prisep(vector &A, S sep) { int n = A.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << A[i]; if (i != n - 1) cout << sep; } cout << endl; } template void priend(T A, S end) { cout << A << end; } template void prispa(T A) { priend(A, spa); } template bool printif(bool f, T A, S B) { if (f) print(A); else print(B); return f; } template void inp(T &...a) { (cin >> ... >> a); } } // namespace io using namespace io; // read graph vector> read_edges(int n, int m, bool direct = false, int indexed = 1) { vector> edges(n, vector()); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { INT(u, v); u -= indexed; v -= indexed; edges[u].push_back(v); if (!direct) edges[v].push_back(u); } return edges; } vector> read_tree(int n, int indexed = 1) { return read_edges(n, n - 1, false, indexed); } template vector>> read_wedges(int n, int m, bool direct = false, int indexed = 1) { vector>> edges(n, vector>()); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { INT(u, v); T w; inp(w); u -= indexed; v -= indexed; edges[u].push_back({v, w}); if (!direct) edges[v].push_back({u, w}); } return edges; } template vector>> read_wtree(int n, int indexed = 1) { return read_wedges(n, n - 1, false, indexed); } // yes / no namespace yesno { // yes inline bool yes(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "yes" : "no") << endl; return f; } inline bool Yes(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Yes" : "No") << endl; return f; } inline bool YES(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "YES" : "NO") << endl; return f; } // no inline bool no(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "yes" : "no") << endl; return f; } inline bool No(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "Yes" : "No") << endl; return f; } inline bool NO(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "YES" : "NO") << endl; return f; } // possible inline bool possible(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "possible" : "impossible") << endl; return f; } inline bool Possible(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Possible" : "Impossible") << endl; return f; } inline bool POSSIBLE(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "POSSIBLE" : "IMPOSSIBLE") << endl; return f; } // impossible inline bool impossible(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "possible" : "impossible") << endl; return f; } inline bool Impossible(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "Possible" : "Impossible") << endl; return f; } inline bool IMPOSSIBLE(bool f = true) { cout << (!f ? "POSSIBLE" : "IMPOSSIBLE") << endl; return f; } // Alice Bob inline bool Alice(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Alice" : "Bob") << endl; return f; } inline bool Bob(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Bob" : "Alice") << endl; return f; } // Takahashi Aoki inline bool Takahashi(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Takahashi" : "Aoki") << endl; return f; } inline bool Aoki(bool f = true) { cout << (f ? "Aoki" : "Takahashi") << endl; return f; } } // namespace yesno using namespace yesno; } // namespace templates using namespace templates; template struct Modint { int x; Modint() : x(0) {} Modint(int64_t y) { if (y >= 0) x = y % MOD; else x = (y % MOD + MOD) % MOD; } Modint &operator+=(const Modint &p) { x += p.x; if (x >= MOD) x -= MOD; return *this; } Modint &operator-=(const Modint &p) { x -= p.x; if (x < 0) x += MOD; return *this; } Modint &operator*=(const Modint &p) { x = int(1LL * x * p.x % MOD); return *this; } Modint &operator/=(const Modint &p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } Modint &operator%=(const Modint &p) { assert(p.x == 0); return *this; } Modint operator-() const { return Modint(-x); } Modint &operator++() { x++; if (x == MOD) x = 0; return *this; } Modint &operator--() { if (x == 0) x = MOD; x--; return *this; } Modint operator++(int) { Modint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } Modint operator--(int) { Modint result = *this; --*this; return result; } friend Modint operator+(const Modint &lhs, const Modint &rhs) { return Modint(lhs) += rhs; } friend Modint operator-(const Modint &lhs, const Modint &rhs) { return Modint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend Modint operator*(const Modint &lhs, const Modint &rhs) { return Modint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend Modint operator/(const Modint &lhs, const Modint &rhs) { return Modint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend Modint operator%(const Modint &lhs, const Modint &rhs) { assert(rhs.x == 0); return Modint(lhs); } bool operator==(const Modint &p) const { return x == p.x; } bool operator!=(const Modint &p) const { return x != p.x; } bool operator<(const Modint &rhs) const { return x < rhs.x; } bool operator<=(const Modint &rhs) const { return x <= rhs.x; } bool operator>(const Modint &rhs) const { return x > rhs.x; } bool operator>=(const Modint &rhs) const { return x >= rhs.x; } Modint inverse() const { int a = x, b = MOD, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; a -= t * b; u -= t * v; std::swap(a, b); std::swap(u, v); } return Modint(u); } Modint pow(int64_t k) const { Modint ret(1); Modint y(x); while (k > 0) { if (k & 1) ret *= y; y *= y; k >>= 1; } return ret; } std::pair to_frac(int max_n = 1000) const { int y = x; for (int i = 1; i <= max_n; i++) { if (y <= max_n) { return {y, i}; } else if (MOD - y <= max_n) { return {-(MOD - y), i}; } y = (y + x) % MOD; } return {-1, -1}; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Modint &p) { return os << p.x; } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Modint &p) { int64_t y; is >> y; p = Modint(y); return (is); } static int get_mod() { return MOD; } }; struct Arbitrary_Modint { int x; static int MOD; static void set_mod(int mod) { MOD = mod; } Arbitrary_Modint() : x(0) {} Arbitrary_Modint(int64_t y) { if (y >= 0) x = y % MOD; else x = (y % MOD + MOD) % MOD; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator+=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { x += p.x; if (x >= MOD) x -= MOD; return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator-=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { x -= p.x; if (x < 0) x += MOD; return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator*=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { x = int(1LL * x * p.x % MOD); return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator/=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator%=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { assert(p.x == 0); return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint operator-() const { return Arbitrary_Modint(-x); } Arbitrary_Modint &operator++() { x++; if (x == MOD) x = 0; return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint &operator--() { if (x == 0) x = MOD; x--; return *this; } Arbitrary_Modint operator++(int) { Arbitrary_Modint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } Arbitrary_Modint operator--(int) { Arbitrary_Modint result = *this; --*this; return result; } friend Arbitrary_Modint operator+(const Arbitrary_Modint &lhs, const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return Arbitrary_Modint(lhs) += rhs; } friend Arbitrary_Modint operator-(const Arbitrary_Modint &lhs, const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return Arbitrary_Modint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend Arbitrary_Modint operator*(const Arbitrary_Modint &lhs, const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return Arbitrary_Modint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend Arbitrary_Modint operator/(const Arbitrary_Modint &lhs, const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return Arbitrary_Modint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend Arbitrary_Modint operator%(const Arbitrary_Modint &lhs, const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { assert(rhs.x == 0); return Arbitrary_Modint(lhs); } bool operator==(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) const { return x == p.x; } bool operator!=(const Arbitrary_Modint &p) const { return x != p.x; } bool operator<(const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return x < rhs.x; } bool operator<=(const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return x <= rhs.x; } bool operator>(const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return x > rhs.x; } bool operator>=(const Arbitrary_Modint &rhs) { return x >= rhs.x; } Arbitrary_Modint inverse() const { int a = x, b = MOD, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; a -= t * b; u -= t * v; std::swap(a, b); std::swap(u, v); } return Arbitrary_Modint(u); } Arbitrary_Modint pow(int64_t k) const { Arbitrary_Modint ret(1); Arbitrary_Modint y(x); while (k > 0) { if (k & 1) ret *= y; y *= y; k >>= 1; } return ret; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Arbitrary_Modint &p) { return os << p.x; } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Arbitrary_Modint &p) { int64_t y; is >> y; p = Arbitrary_Modint(y); return (is); } static int get_mod() { return MOD; } }; int Arbitrary_Modint::MOD = 998244353; using modint9 = Modint<998244353>; using modint1 = Modint<1000000007>; using modint = Arbitrary_Modint; using mint = modint9; template struct Combination { int N; std::vector fact, invfact; Combination(int N) : N(N) { fact.resize(N + 1); invfact.resize(N + 1); fact[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) { fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i; } invfact[N] = T(1) / fact[N]; for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--) { invfact[i] = invfact[i + 1] * (i + 1); } } void extend(int n) { int le = fact.size(); fact.resize(n + 1); invfact.resize(n + 1); for (int i = le; i <= n; i++) { fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i; } invfact[n] = T(1) / fact[n]; for (int i = n - 1; i >= le; i--) { invfact[i] = invfact[i + 1] * (i + 1); } } T nCk(int n, int k) { if (k > n || k < 0) return T(0); if (n >= int(fact.size())) extend(n); return fact[n] * invfact[k] * invfact[n - k]; } T nPk(int n, int k) { if (k > n || k < 0) return T(0); if (n >= int(fact.size())) extend(n); return fact[n] * invfact[n - k]; } T nHk(int n, int k) { if (n == 0 && k == 0) return T(1); return nCk(n + k - 1, k); } T catalan(int n) { return nCk(2 * n, n) - nCk(2 * n, n + 1); } // n 個の +1, m 個の -1, 累積和が常にk以下 T catalan(int n, int m, int k) { if (n > m + k || k < 0) return T(0); else return nCk(n + m, n) - nCk(n + m, m + k + 1); } // return [x^n] C^k(x) // 先頭に ( が k - 1 個連続するような長さ n + k - 1 の括弧列と一対一対応 T catalan_convolution(int n, int k) { return catalan(k + n - 1, n, k - 1); } T narayana(int n, int k) { return nCk(n, k) * nCk(n, k - 1) / n; } T inv(int n) { assert(n >= 1); if (n >= int(fact.size())) extend(n); return invfact[n] * fact[n - 1]; } }; struct RandomNumberGenerator { std::mt19937 mt; RandomNumberGenerator() : mt(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()) {} RandomNumberGenerator(int seed) : mt(seed) {} int operator()(int a, int b) { std::uniform_int_distribution dist(a, b - 1); return dist(mt); } int operator()(int b) { return (*this)(0, b); } template void shuffle(std::vector &v) { std::shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), mt); } }; std::vector treeHash(std::vector> &edges, int root = 0, const long long MOD = 998244353, int seed = 0) { int n = edges.size(); std::vector dist(n, -1); std::vector route; std::stack st; st.push(root); route.push_back(root); dist[root] = 0; while (!st.empty()) { int pos = st.top(); st.pop(); for (auto npos : edges[pos]) { if (dist[npos] == -1) { dist[npos] = dist[pos] + 1; st.push(npos); route.push_back(npos); } } } std::reverse(route.begin(), route.end()); int d = 0; for (auto di : dist) d = std::max(d, di); std::vector X(d + 1); RandomNumberGenerator rng(seed); for (int i = 0; i <= d; i++) X[i] = rng(MOD); std::vector ma(n, 0); std::vector hash(n, 1); for (auto pos : route) { for (auto npos : edges[pos]) { if (dist[npos] < dist[pos]) continue; ma[pos] = std::max(ma[pos], ma[npos] + 1); } auto x = X[ma[pos]]; for (auto npos : edges[pos]) { if (dist[npos] < dist[pos]) continue; hash[pos] *= (x + hash[npos]); hash[pos] %= MOD; } } return hash; } void solve() { INT(n); int nex = n; vvec(int, edges, n); fori(n - 1) { INT(u, v, w); u--; v--; fori(w - 1) { edges.push_back({}); edges[u].push_back(nex); edges[nex].push_back(u); u = nex; nex++; } edges[u].push_back(v); edges[v].push_back(u); } INT(h, w); VVEC(char, S, h, w); vvec(int, idx, h, w, -1); int n2 = 0; fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { if (S[i][j] == '#') { idx[i][j] = n2++; } } if (n2 != len(edges)) { No(); return; } fori(i, len(edges)) { if (len(edges[i]) >= 5) { No(); return; } } vvec(int, edges2, n2); fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { if (S[i][j] != '#') continue; if (i > 0 and S[i - 1][j] == '#') { edges2[idx[i][j]].push_back(idx[i - 1][j]); edges2[idx[i - 1][j]].push_back(idx[i][j]); } if (j > 0 and S[i][j - 1] == '#') { edges2[idx[i][j]].push_back(idx[i][j - 1]); edges2[idx[i][j - 1]].push_back(idx[i][j]); } } auto h1_1 = treeHash(edges); auto h1_2 = treeHash(edges, 0, MOD1, 100); vec(ll, h1, n2); fori(i, n2) { h1[i] = h1_1[i] * MOD1 + h1_2[i]; } fori(i, n2) { auto h2_1 = treeHash(edges2, i); auto h2_2 = treeHash(edges2, i, MOD1, 100); vec(ll, h2, n2); fori(j, n2) { h2[j] = h2_1[j] * MOD1 + h2_2[j]; } if (h1[0] == h2[i]) { Yes(); vec(Pll, to, n2); vec(Pll, ans, n); fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { if (idx[i][j] != -1) { to[idx[i][j]] = {i + 1, j + 1}; } } auto dfs = [&](auto &&self, int pos1, int bpos1, int pos2, int bpos2) -> void { map> mp; if (pos1 < n) { ans[pos1] = to[pos2]; } for (auto npos2 : edges2[pos2]) { if (npos2 == bpos2) continue; mp[h2[npos2]].push_back(npos2); } for (auto npos1 : edges[pos1]) { if (npos1 == bpos1) continue; int npos2 = mp[h1[npos1]].back(); mp[h1[npos1]].pop_back(); self(self, npos1, pos1, npos2, pos2); } }; dfs(dfs, 0, -1, i, -1); for (auto [x, y] : ans) { print(x, y); } return; } } exit(0); No(); } int main() { #ifndef INTERACTIVE std::cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); #endif // std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12); int t; t = 1; std::cin >> t; while (t--) solve(); return 0; } // // #pragma GCC target("avx2") // // #pragma GCC optimize("O3") // // #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") // // #define INTERACTIVE // // #include "kyopro-cpp/template.hpp" // // #include "misc/Modint.hpp" // using mint = modint9; // // #include "math/Combination.hpp" // // #include "tree/treeHash.hpp" // // void solve() { // INT(n); // int nex = n; // vvec(int, edges, n); // fori(n - 1) { // INT(u, v, w); // u--; // v--; // fori(w - 1) { // edges.push_back({}); // edges[u].push_back(nex); // edges[nex].push_back(u); // u = nex; // nex++; // } // edges[u].push_back(v); // edges[v].push_back(u); // } // // INT(h, w); // VVEC(char, S, h, w); // vvec(int, idx, h, w, -1); // int n2 = 0; // fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { // if (S[i][j] == '#') { // idx[i][j] = n2++; // } // } // // if (n2 != len(edges)) { // No(); // return; // } // // fori(i, len(edges)) { // if (len(edges[i]) >= 5) { // No(); // return; // } // } // // vvec(int, edges2, n2); // fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { // if (S[i][j] != '#') continue; // if (i > 0 and S[i - 1][j] == '#') { // edges2[idx[i][j]].push_back(idx[i - 1][j]); // edges2[idx[i - 1][j]].push_back(idx[i][j]); // } // if (j > 0 and S[i][j - 1] == '#') { // edges2[idx[i][j]].push_back(idx[i][j - 1]); // edges2[idx[i][j - 1]].push_back(idx[i][j]); // } // } // // auto h1_1 = treeHash(edges); // auto h1_2 = treeHash(edges, 0, MOD1, 100); // vec(ll, h1, n2); // fori(i, n2) { // h1[i] = h1_1[i] * MOD1 + h1_2[i]; // } // // fori(i, n2) { // auto h2_1 = treeHash(edges2, i); // auto h2_2 = treeHash(edges2, i, MOD1, 100); // vec(ll, h2, n2); // fori(j, n2) { // h2[j] = h2_1[j] * MOD1 + h2_2[j]; // } // if (h1[0] == h2[i]) { // Yes(); // vec(Pll, to, n2); // vec(Pll, ans, n); // fori(i, h) fori(j, w) { // if (idx[i][j] != -1) { // to[idx[i][j]] = {i + 1, j + 1}; // } // } // // auto dfs = [&](auto &&self, int pos1, int bpos1, int pos2, int bpos2) -> void { // map> mp; // if (pos1 < n) { // ans[pos1] = to[pos2]; // } // for (auto npos2 : edges2[pos2]) { // if (npos2 == bpos2) continue; // mp[h2[npos2]].push_back(npos2); // } // // for (auto npos1 : edges[pos1]) { // if (npos1 == bpos1) continue; // int npos2 = mp[h1[npos1]].back(); // mp[h1[npos1]].pop_back(); // self(self, npos1, pos1, npos2, pos2); // } // }; // dfs(dfs, 0, -1, i, -1); // // for (auto [x, y] : ans) { // print(x, y); // } // // return; // } // } // exit(0); // // No(); // } // // int main() { // #ifndef INTERACTIVE // std::cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0); // #endif // // std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12); // int t; // t = 1; // std::cin >> t; // while (t--) solve(); // return 0; // }