#include #define int long long #define all(v) v.begin(),v.end() #define rall(v) v.rbegin(),v.rend() using namespace std; templateistream&operator>>(istream&I,vector&v){for(auto&i:v)I>>i;return I;} templateostream&operator<<(ostream&O,vector&v){for(auto&i:v)O<f,r;int si; Dsu(int n=0):si(n),f(n),r(n,1){iota(f.begin(),f.end(),0);} int&father(int x){return f[x];} int size(int x=-1){return x==-1?si:r[find(x)];} void clear(){for(int i=0;ir[y]?(f[y]=x,r[x]+=r[y]):(f[x]=y,r[y]+=r[x]):0;} bool check(int x,int y){return find(x)==find(y);} }; vectorg[100010]; int ans[100010],mark,vis[100010]; void dfs(int u){ if(vis[u])return; vis[u]=1; ans[u]=mark; for(auto v:g[u])if(!vis[v])dfs(v); } void solve(){ int n,m,q; cin>>n>>m>>q; Dsu dsu(n+1); set>mp; for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){ int u,v; cin>>u>>v; mp.insert({u,v}); mp.insert({v,u}); } vector>querys; for(int i=1;i<=q;i++){ int u,v; cin>>u>>v; querys.push_back({u,v}); mp.erase({u,v}); mp.erase({v,u}); } for(auto [u,v]:mp)g[u].push_back(v),g[v].push_back(u),dsu.merge(u,v); mark=-1,dfs(1); for(int i=q-1;i>=0;i--){ auto[u,v]=querys[i]; if(dsu.check(u,v))continue; if(dsu.check(u,1))mark=i+1,dfs(v); if(dsu.check(v,1))mark=i+1,dfs(u); dsu.merge(u,v); g[u].push_back(v),g[v].push_back(u); } for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)cout<>t; while(t--)AC::solve(); }