#include #include using namespace std; namespace my{ #define eb emplace_back #define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__;lin(__VA_ARGS__) #define VL(n,...) vec__VA_ARGS__;setsize({n},__VA_ARGS__);lin(__VA_ARGS__) #define FO(n) for(ll ij=n;ij-->0;) #define FOR(i,...) for(auto[i,i##stop,i##step]=range(0,__VA_ARGS__);isync_with_stdio(0);cout<r{0,0,1};ll I=0;((r[I++]=a),...);if(!s&&I==1)swap(r[0],r[1]);r[0]-=s;if(s)r[2]*=-1;return r;} constexpr char newline=10; constexpr char space=32; constexpr auto schrodinger(bool p,char c){return string(p,c);} constexpr auto even(auto x){return~x&1;} template>auto&sort(auto&a,F f={}){ranges::sort(a,f);return a;} auto&unique(auto&a){sort(a).erase(ranges::unique(a).begin(),a.end());return a;} templateauto pack_kth(const auto&...a){return get(make_tuple(a...));} templateauto pack_slice(const auto&...a){return[&](index_sequence){return array{get(forward_as_tuple(a...))...};}(make_index_sequence{});} templateconcept vectorial=is_base_of_v,V>; templatestruct vec_attr{using core_type=T;static constexpr int rank=0;}; templatestruct vec_attr{using core_type=typename vec_attr::core_type;static constexpr int rank=vec_attr::rank+1;}; templateusing core_t=vec_attr::core_type; templateistream&operator>>(istream&i,vector&v){fe(v,e)i>>e;return i;} templateostream&operator<<(ostream&o,const vector&v){fe(v,e)o<?newline:space);return o;} templatestruct vec; templatestruct tensor_helper{using type=vec::type>;}; templatestruct tensor_helper<0,T>{using type=T;}; templateusing tensor=typename tensor_helper::type; templatestruct vec:vector{ using vector::vector; vec(const vector&v){vector::operator=(v);} templaterequires(sizeof...(A)>=3)vec(A...a){const ll n=sizeof...(a)-1;auto t=pack_slice(a...);ll s[n];fo(i,n)s[i]=t[i];*this=make_vec(s,pack_kth(a...));} templatestatic auto make_vec(const ll(&s)[n],T x){if constexpr(i==n-1)return vec(s[i],x);else{auto X=make_vec(s,x);return vec(s[i],X);}} vec&operator^=(const vec&u){this->insert(this->end(),u.begin(),u.end());return*this;} vec operator^(const vec&u)const{return vec{*this}^=u;} vec&operator+=(const vec&u){vec&v=*this;assert(v.size()==u.size());fo(i,v.size())v[i]+=u[i];return v;} vec&operator-=(const vec&u){vec&v=*this;assert(v.size()==u.size());fo(i,v.size())v[i]-=u[i];return v;} vec operator+(const vec&u)const{return vec{*this}+=u;} vec operator-(const vec&u)const{return vec{*this}-=u;} vec&operator++(){fe(*this,e)++e;return*this;} vec&operator--(){fe(*this,e)--e;return*this;} vec operator-()const{vec v=*this;fe(v,e)e=-e;return v;} vec&operator%=(auto M){vec&v=*this;fe(v,e)e%=M;return v;} vec operator%(auto M)const{return vec{*this}%=M;} ll size()const{return vector::size();} auto pop_front(){auto r=*this->begin();this->erase(this->begin());return r;} template>auto sort(F f={})const{vec v=*this;ranges::sort(v,f);return v;} auto unique()const{auto r=sort();r.erase(ranges::unique(r).begin(),r.end());return r;} }; templaterequires(sizeof...(A)>=2)vec(A...a)->vec(declval>()))>>>; vec(ll)->vec; templatevoid setsize(const ll(&l)[n],A&...a){((a=vec::make_vec(l,core_t{})),...);} void lin(auto&...a){(cin>>...>>a);} void pp(auto&&...a){ll n=sizeof...(a);((cout<0,space)),...);cout<>v;(v.eb(a),...);sort(v);ll I=0;((a=v[I++]),...);} struct dsu{ ll n; vecpar_or_size; dsu(ll n):n(n),par_or_size(n,-1){} auto merge(ll a,ll b){ ll x=leader(a),y=leader(b); if(x==y)return tuple{x,a,y,b}; if(-par_or_size[x]<-par_or_size[y])swap(x,y),swap(a,b); par_or_size[x]+=par_or_size[y]; par_or_size[y]=x; return tuple{x,a,y,b}; } ll leader(ll a){ assert(0<=a&&aleader_buf(n),group_size(n); fo(u,n){ leader_buf[u]=leader(u); group_size[leader_buf[u]]++; } vec>res(n); fo(u,n)res[u].reserve(group_size[u]); fo(u,n)res[leader_buf[u]].eb(u); fe(res,e)sort(e); unique(res); if(res[0].empty())res.pop_front(); return res; } }; single_testcase void solve(){ LL(N); VL(N,p);--p; atcoder::dsu uf(N); fo(i,N)uf.merge(i,p[i]); ll s=0; auto gs=uf.groups(); fe(gs,g)s+=g.size()-1; pp(even(s)?1:-1); }}