import sys def main(): input = sys.stdin.read().split() Q = int(input[0]) idx = 1 for _ in range(Q): N = int(input[idx]) K = int(input[idx + 1]) idx += 2 if K == 1: print(N - 1) continue low = 0 high = 60 ans = 0 while low <= high: mid = (low + high) // 2 total = 0 current = 1 possible = False for _ in range(mid + 1): total += current if total >= N: possible = True break current *= K if possible: ans = mid high = mid - 1 else: low = mid + 1 print(ans) if __name__ == '__main__': main()