#include using namespace std; using ll=long long; using ull=unsigned long long; using P=pair; templateusing minque=priority_queue,greater>; templatebool chmax(T &a,const T &b){return (abool chmin(T &a,const T &b){return (a>b?(a=b,true):false);} templateistream &operator>>(istream &is,pair&p){is>>p.first>>p.second;return is;} templateistream &operator>>(istream &is,tuple&a){is>>std::get<0>(a)>>std::get<1>(a)>>std::get<2>(a);return is;} templateistream &operator>>(istream &is,array&a){for(auto&i:a)is>>i;return is;} templateistream &operator>>(istream &is,vector &a){for(auto &i:a)is>>i;return is;} templatevoid operator++(pair&a,int n){a.first++,a.second++;} templatevoid operator--(pair&a,int n){a.first--,a.second--;} templatevoid operator++(vector&a,int n){for(auto &i:a)i++;} templatevoid operator--(vector&a,int n){for(auto &i:a)i--;} #define overload3(_1,_2,_3,name,...) name #define rep1(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++) #define rep2(i,l,r) for(int i=(int)(l);i<(int)(r);i++) #define rep(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,rep2,rep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define reps(i,l,r) rep2(i,l,r) #define all(x) x.begin(),x.end() #define pcnt(x) __builtin_popcountll(x) #define fin(x) return cout<<(x)<<'\n',static_cast(0) #define yn(x) cout<<((x)?"Yes\n":"No\n") #define uniq(x) sort(all(x)),x.erase(unique(all(x)),x.end()) ll myceil(ll a,ll b){return (a+b-1)/b;} template auto vec(const int (&d)[n],const T &init=T()){ if constexpr (id(d,init)); else return init; } #ifdef LOCAL #include #else #define debug(...) static_cast(0) #define debugg(...) static_cast(0) templateostream &operator<<(ostream &os,const pair&p){os<>testcase; for(int i=0;i>bipartite_matching(int L,int R,const std::vector>&edge){ static constexpr int h=0x3c07e67b; std::vectorptr(L+R+1); std::vectorg(edge.size()*2); for(const auto&[u,v]:edge){ ptr[u]++,ptr[L+v]++; } for(int i=1;i<=L+R;i++)ptr[i]+=ptr[i-1]; for(const auto&[u,v]:edge){ g[--ptr[u]]=L+v; g[--ptr[L+v]]=u; } std::vectormate(L+R,-1); std::vectorseen(L+R,false); auto dfs=[&](auto self,int x)->void { seen[x]=true; for(int i=ptr[x];ique(L); int p,q; std::vectorvis(L,-1),d(L); int s=0; while(true){ p=q=0; for(int i=0;ibool { vis[x]=s; for(int i=ptr[x];i>res; res.reserve(L-std::count(mate.begin(),mate.begin()+L,-1)); for(int i=0;i struct fast_stack{ private: T *st; int p; public: fast_stack(int n):p(0){ st=new T[n]; } fast_stack(){} inline void push(const T&x){st[p++]=x;} template inline T& emplace(Args&&...args){ st[p++]=T(std::forward(args)...); return st[p-1]; } inline T& pop(){return st[--p];} inline T top()const{return st[p-1];} inline T& top(){return st[p-1];} inline int size()const{return p;} inline bool empty()const{return !p;} inline void clear(){p=0;} ~fast_stack(){delete[] st;} }; template struct Edge{ int from,to; T weight; int index; Edge(int from_,int to_,T weight_=T(),int index_=-1):from(from_),to(to_),weight(weight_),index(index_){} Edge():from(-1),to(-1),weight(),index(-1){} friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os,const Edge&e){ os<<'['; os<<"from:"< struct Graph{ private: int n; std::vector>edge; std::vector>g; std::vectorptr; bool directed; struct graph_range{ using iterator=typename std::vector>::iterator; iterator l,r; iterator begin()const{return l;} iterator end()const{return r;} int size()const{return r-l;} Edge &operator[](int i)const{return l[i];} }; struct const_graph_range{ using iterator=typename std::vector>::const_iterator; iterator l,r; iterator begin()const{return l;} iterator end()const{return r;} int size()const{return r-l;} const Edge &operator[](int i)const{return l[i];} }; public: Graph(int n_,bool dir_):n(n_),directed(dir_){} Graph():n(0){} Graph(int n_,bool dir_,const std::vector>&e):n(n_),directed(dir_),edge(e){build();} template void read(int m){ edge.reserve(m); for(int i=0;i>u>>v; T w; if constexpr(index)u--,v--; if constexpr(weighted)std::cin>>w; else w=1; edge.emplace_back(u,v,w,i); } build(); } void add_edge(int u,int v){ int id=edge.size(); edge.emplace_back(u,v,1,id); } void add_edge(int u,int v,T w){ int id=edge.size(); edge.emplace_back(u,v,w,id); } void add_edge(int u,int v,T w,int index){ edge.emplace_back(u,v,w,index); } void build(){ std::vectorcnt(n+1,0); for(const Edge&e:edge){ cnt[e.from+1]++; if(!directed)cnt[e.to+1]++; } for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)cnt[i]+=cnt[i-1]; ptr=cnt; g.resize(cnt[n]); for(const Edge&e:edge){ g[cnt[e.from]++]=e; if(!directed)g[cnt[e.to]++]=Edge(e.to,e.from,e.weight,e.index); } } void reverse(){ if(directed){ for(Edge&e:edge)std::swap(e.from,e.to); build(); } } inline void to_directed(){ directed=true; build(); } inline void to_undirected(){ directed=false; build(); } void reserve(int m){edge.reserve(m);} graph_range operator[](int i){return graph_range{g.begin()+ptr[i],g.begin()+ptr[i+1]};} const_graph_range operator[](int i)const{return const_graph_range{g.begin()+ptr[i],g.begin()+ptr[i+1]};} const Edge& get_edge(int i)const{return edge[i];} inline bool is_directed()const{return directed;} inline int size()const{return n;} inline int edge_size()const{return edge.size();} typename std::vector>::iterator begin(){return edge.begin();} typename std::vector>::iterator end(){return edge.end();} typename std::vector>::const_iterator begin()const{return edge.begin();} typename std::vector>::const_iterator end()const{return edge.end();} }; template std::vectorstrongly_connected_components(Graphg){ int n=g.size(); std::vectorseen(n,false); fast_stackst(g.edge_size()+1); std::vectorvis; vis.reserve(n); for(int i=0;i&e:g[x])if(!seen[e.to])st.push(e.to); } } std::vectorscc(n,-1); g.reverse(); int sp=0; for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)if(scc[vis[i]]==-1){ st.push(vis[i]); while(!st.empty()){ int x=st.pop(); scc[x]=sp; for(const Edge&e:g[x])if(scc[e.to]==-1)st.push(e.to); } sp++; } return scc; } std::vector,std::vector>>dulmage_mendelsohn_decomposition(int l,int r,const std::vector>&edge){ std::vector>match=bipartite_matching(l,r,edge); std::vectorusedl(l+1,0),usedr(r+1,0); Graph<>g(l+r,true); for(const auto&[u,v]:edge)g.add_edge(u,v+l); for(const auto&[u,v]:match){ usedl[u]=true; usedr[v]=true; g.add_edge(v+l,u); } g.build(); std::vectorw0l,w0r,wkl,wkr; std::vectorw0k(l+r,false); std::queueque; for(int i=0;i&e:g[x])if(!w0k[e.to]){ w0k[e.to]=true; que.push(e.to); } } g.reverse(); for(int i=0;i&e:g[x])if(!w0k[e.to]){ w0k[e.to]=true; que.push(e.to); } } for(int i=0;i=0;i--)usedl[i]+=usedl[i+1]; for(int i=r-1;i>=0;i--)usedr[i]+=usedr[i+1]; if(usedl[0]+usedr[0]==0){ std::vector,std::vector>>res(2); res[0]=std::make_pair(std::move(w0l),std::move(w0r)); res[1]=std::make_pair(std::move(wkl),std::move(wkr)); return res; } Graph<>g2(usedl[0]+usedr[0],true); for(const auto&[u,v]:edge){ if(usedl[u]==usedl[u+1])continue; if(usedr[v]==usedr[v+1])continue; g2.add_edge(usedl[u+1],usedr[v+1]+usedl[0]); } for(const auto&[u,v]:match){ if(usedl[u]==usedl[u+1])continue; if(usedr[v]==usedr[v+1])continue; g2.add_edge(usedr[v+1]+usedl[0],usedl[u+1]); } g2.build(); std::vectorscc=strongly_connected_components(g2); int sz=*std::max_element(scc.begin(),scc.end())+1; std::vector,std::vector>>res(sz+2); res[0]=std::make_pair(std::move(w0l),std::move(w0r)); res[sz+1]=std::make_pair(std::move(wkl),std::move(wkr)); for(int i=0;i>n>>m>>l; vector>edge(l); cin>>edge; edge--; auto dmd=dulmage_mendelsohn_decomposition(n,m,edge); vector>no; vectorlid(n),rid(m); rep(i,dmd.size()){ for(int v:dmd[i].first)lid[v]=i; for(int v:dmd[i].second)rid[v]=i; } for(auto [u,v]:edge)yn(lid[u]==rid[v]); }