def main():
    import sys
    s = sys.stdin.read().strip()
    balance = 0
    cnt = 0
    for c in s[::-1]:
        if c == ')':
            balance += 1
        else:
            balance -= 1
            if balance == 0:
                cnt += 1
    if cnt % 2 == 1:
        print(0)
    else:
        print(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()