import sys from collections import deque def main(): sys.setrecursionlimit(1 << 25) N, M, L = map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()) edges = [] adj = [[] for _ in range(N+1)] # adj[u] for u in 1..N for _ in range(L): s, t = map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()) edges.append((s, t)) adj[s].append(t) # Hopcroft-Karp algorithm to find maximum bipartite matching left_matched = [0] * (N + 1) right_matched = [0] * (M + 1) dist = [0] * (N + 1) def bfs(): queue = deque() for u in range(1, N + 1): if left_matched[u] == 0: dist[u] = 0 queue.append(u) else: dist[u] = float('inf') dist[0] = float('inf') while queue: u = queue.popleft() for v in adj[u]: if dist[right_matched[v]] == float('inf'): dist[right_matched[v]] = dist[u] + 1 queue.append(right_matched[v]) return dist[0] != float('inf') def dfs(u): if u != 0: for v in adj[u]: if dist[right_matched[v]] == dist[u] + 1: if dfs(right_matched[v]): left_matched[u] = v right_matched[v] = u return True dist[u] = float('inf') return False return True result = 0 while bfs(): for u in range(1, N + 1): if left_matched[u] == 0: if dfs(u): result += 1 # Build residual graph residual_adj = [[] for _ in range(N + M + 1)] # Nodes 1..N (spies), N+1..N+M (tasks) for s, t in edges: if left_matched[s] == t: residual_adj[N + t].append(s) else: residual_adj[s].append(N + t) # Kosaraju's algorithm to find SCCs visited = [False] * (N + M + 1) order = [] def dfs1(u): stack = [(u, False)] while stack: node, processed = stack.pop() if processed: order.append(node) continue if visited[node]: continue visited[node] = True stack.append((node, True)) for v in residual_adj[node]: if not visited[v]: stack.append((v, False)) for u in range(1, N + M + 1): if not visited[u]: dfs1(u) reverse_adj = [[] for _ in range(N + M + 1)] for u in range(1, N + M + 1): for v in residual_adj[u]: reverse_adj[v].append(u) visited = [False] * (N + M + 1) component = [0] * (N + M + 1) current_component = 0 for u in reversed(order): if not visited[u]: current_component += 1 stack = [u] visited[u] = True component[u] = current_component while stack: node = stack.pop() for v in reverse_adj[node]: if not visited[v]: visited[v] = True component[v] = current_component stack.append(v) # Process each edge to determine the answer for s, t in edges: if left_matched[s] == t: if component[s] == component[N + t]: print("Yes") else: print("No") else: print("Yes") if __name__ == "__main__": main()