T=int(input())
for _ in range(T):
  n=int(input())
  a=list(map(int,input().split()))
  a.sort()
  a=[0]+a
  c=0
  g=0
  for i in range(1,n):
    if a[i-1]<a[i]:
      g+=(a[i]-a[i-1])*(n-i+1)
      c+=(a[i]-a[i-1])*(n-i+1-1-1)
  print(g+min(c+1,a[n]-a[n-1]))