n = int(input()) p = list(map(int, input().split())) # Precompute factorials up to (n-1)! fact = [1] * n # fact[i] = i! for i in range(1, n): fact[i] = fact[i-1] * i class FenwickTree: def __init__(self, size): self.n = size self.tree = [0] * (self.n + 2) # 1-based indexing def update(self, idx, delta): while idx <= self.n: self.tree[idx] += delta idx += idx & -idx def query(self, idx): res = 0 while idx > 0: res += self.tree[idx] idx -= idx & -idx return res # Initialize Fenwick Tree with all elements present ft = FenwickTree(n) for i in range(1, n+1): ft.update(i, 1) ans = 0 for i in range(n): current = p[i] # Number of elements less than current that are still available count = ft.query(current - 1) # Number of remaining elements after this step k = n - i - 1 ans += count * fact[k] # Mark current element as used ft.update(current, -1) print(ans + 1)