#include using namespace std; //入力が必ず-mod struct modint{ //mod変更が不可能. public: long long v = 0; static void setmod(int m){} //飾り. static constexpr long long getmod(){return mod;} modint(){v = 0;} modint(int a){v = a<0?a+mod:a;} modint(long long a){v = a<0?a+mod:a;} modint(unsigned int a){v = a;} modint(unsigned long long a){v = a;} long long val()const{return v;} modint &operator=(const modint &b) = default; modint operator+()const{return (*this);} modint operator-()const{return modint(0)-(*this);} modint operator+(const modint b)const{return modint(v)+=b;} modint operator-(const modint b)const{return modint(v)-=b;} modint operator*(const modint b)const{return modint(v)*=b;} modint operator/(const modint b)const{return modint(v)/=b;} modint operator+=(const modint b){ v += b.v; if(v >= mod) v -= mod; return *this; } modint operator-=(const modint b){ v -= b.v; if(v < 0) v += mod; return *this; } modint operator*=(const modint b){v = v*b.v%mod; return *this;} modint operator/=(modint b){ //b!=0 mod素数が必須. if(b == 0) assert(false); int left = mod-2; while(left){if(left&1) *this *= b; b *= b; left >>= 1;} return *this; } modint operator++(){*this += 1; return *this;} modint operator--(){*this -= 1; return *this;} modint operator++(int){*this += 1; return *this;} modint operator--(int){*this -= 1; return *this;} bool operator==(const modint b)const{return v == b.v;} bool operator!=(const modint b)const{return v != b.v;} bool operator>(const modint b)const{return v > b.v;} bool operator>=(const modint b)const{return v >= b.v;} bool operator<(const modint b)const{return v < b.v;} bool operator<=(const modint b)const{return v <= b.v;} modint pow(long long n)const{ modint ret = 1,p = v; if(n < 0) p = p.inv(),n = -n; while(n){ if(n&1) ret *= p; p *= p; n >>= 1; } return ret; } modint inv()const{return modint(1)/v;} //素数mod必須. }; template //modが入力で与えられる場合. struct dynamic_modint{ //mod変更が可能 最初にsetmod必須 idxで複数個所持が可能. private: static int mod; public: long long v = 0; static constexpr long long getmod(){return mod;} static void setmod(int m){ assert(m > 0); mod = m; } dynamic_modint(){v = 0;} dynamic_modint(int a){v = a<0?a+mod:a;} dynamic_modint(long long a){v = a<0?a+mod:a;} dynamic_modint(unsigned int a){v = a;} dynamic_modint(unsigned long long a){v = a;} long long val()const{return v;} dynamic_modint &operator=(const dynamic_modint &b) = default; dynamic_modint operator+()const{return (*this);} dynamic_modint operator-()const{return dynamic_modint(0)-(*this);} dynamic_modint operator+(const dynamic_modint b)const{return dynamic_modint(v)+=b;} dynamic_modint operator-(const dynamic_modint b)const{return dynamic_modint(v)-=b;} dynamic_modint operator*(const dynamic_modint b)const{return dynamic_modint(v)*=b;} dynamic_modint operator/(const dynamic_modint b)const{return dynamic_modint(v)/=b;} dynamic_modint operator+=(const dynamic_modint b){ v += b.v; if(v >= mod) v -= mod; return *this; } dynamic_modint operator-=(const dynamic_modint b){ v -= b.v; if(v < 0) v += mod; return *this; } dynamic_modint operator*=(const dynamic_modint b){v = v*b.v%mod; return *this;} dynamic_modint operator/=(dynamic_modint b){ //b!=0 mod素数が必須. if(b == 0) assert(false); int left = mod-2; while(left){if(left&1) *this *= b; b *= b; left >>= 1;} return *this; } dynamic_modint operator++(){*this += 1; return *this;} dynamic_modint operator--(){*this -= 1; return *this;} dynamic_modint operator++(int){*this += 1; return *this;} dynamic_modint operator--(int){*this -= 1; return *this;} bool operator==(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v == b.v;} bool operator!=(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v != b.v;} bool operator>(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v > b.v;} bool operator>=(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v >= b.v;} bool operator<(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v < b.v;} bool operator<=(const dynamic_modint b)const{return v <= b.v;} dynamic_modint pow(long long n)const{ dynamic_modint ret = 1,p = v; if(n < 0) p = p.inv(),n = -n; while(n){ if(n&1) ret *= p; p *= p; n >>= 1; } return ret; } dynamic_modint inv()const{return dynamic_modint(1)/v;} //素数mod必須. }; template int dynamic_modint::mod=998244353; using mint = dynamic_modint<0>; template struct Montgomery{ //2^62未満&奇数modのみ. //初めにsetmodする. using u64 = uint64_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; private: static u64 mod,N2,Rsq; //N*N2≡1(mod N); //Rsq = R^2modN; R=2^64. u64 v = 0; public: long long val()const{return reduce(v);} static constexpr u64 getmod(){return mod;} static void setmod(u64 m){ assert(m<(1LL<<62)&&(m&1)); mod = m; N2 = mod; for(int i=0; i<5; i++) N2 *= 2-N2*mod; Rsq = (-u128(mod))%mod; } //reduce = T*R^-1modNを求める. u64 reduce(const u128 &T)const{ //T*R^-1≡(T+(T*(-N2))modR*N)/R 2N未満なので-N必要かだけで良い. u64 ret = (T+u128(((u64)T)*(-N2))*mod)>>64; if(ret >= mod) ret -= mod; return ret; } //初期値reduce(R^2)でok. Montgomery(){v = 0;} Montgomery(long long w):v(reduce(u128(w)*Rsq)){} Montgomery& operator=(const Montgomery &b) = default; Montgomery operator-()const{return Montgomery()-Montgomery(*this);} Montgomery operator+(const Montgomery &b)const{return Montgomery(*this)+=b;} Montgomery operator-(const Montgomery &b)const{return Montgomery(*this)-=b;} Montgomery operator*(const Montgomery &b)const{return Montgomery(*this)*=b;} Montgomery operator/(const Montgomery &b)const{return Montgomery(*this)/=b;} Montgomery& operator+=(const Montgomery &b){ v += b.v; if(v >= mod) v -= mod; return (*this); } Montgomery& operator-=(const Montgomery &b){ v += mod-b.v; if(v >= mod) v -= mod; return (*this); } Montgomery& operator*=(const Montgomery &b){ v = reduce(u128(v)*b.v); return (*this); } Montgomery& operator/=(const Montgomery &b){ (*this) *= b.inv(); return (*this); } Montgomery pow(u64 b)const{ Montgomery ret = 1,p = (*this); if(b < 0) p = p.inv(),b = -b; while(b){ if(b&1) ret *= p; p *= p; b >>= 1; } return ret; } Montgomery inv()const{return pow(mod-2);} bool operator!=(const Montgomery &b)const{return v!=b.v;} bool operator==(const Montgomery &b)const{return v==b.v;} }; template uint64_t Montgomery::mod; template uint64_t Montgomery::N2; template uint64_t Montgomery::Rsq; using mont = Montgomery<0>; bool MillerRabin(long long N,const vector &A){ mont::setmod(N); long long s = __builtin_ctzll(N-1),d = N-1; d >>= s; for(auto &a : A){ if(N <= a) break; mont x = mont(a).pow(d); if(x != 1){ long long t; for(t=0; t> T; while(T--){ int N,mod; cin >> N >> mod; if(N >= mod){cout << "0\n"; continue;} mint::setmod(mod); if(N < 200000){ mint answer = 1%mod; for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) answer *= i; cout << answer.v << "\n"; } else{ if(isprime(mod) == false){cout << "0\n"; continue;} mint answer = -1,div = 1; for(int i=mod-1; i>N; i--) div *= i; answer /= div; cout << answer.v << "\n"; } } }