#pragma GCC optimize ( "O3" )
#pragma GCC optimize ( "unroll-loops" )
#pragma GCC target ( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" )
typedef long long ll;
int main()
{
  int P; scanf( "%d" , &P );
  ll a = 0;
  ll fact_inv = P - 1;
  for( int i = P - 1 ; i >= 0 ; --i ){
    a += fact_inv;
    fact_inv *= i;
    fact_inv %= P;
  }
  printf( "%lld\n" , a % P );
}