#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

class fastIO{private:char ibuf[50007],*p1=ibuf,*p2=ibuf,obuf[50007],*p3=obuf,sta[50];bool file_end=false;char get(){return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=ibuf)+fread(ibuf,1,50007,stdin),p1==p2)?(file_end=true),char(EOF):*p1++;}void put(const char x){p3-obuf<50007?*p3++=x:(fwrite(obuf,p3-obuf,1,stdout),p3=obuf,*p3++=x);}public:explicit operator bool(){return!file_end;}size_t flush(){size_t f=fwrite(obuf,p3-obuf,1,stdout);p3=obuf;*p3=0;return f;}fastIO&operator>>(char&t){for(t=get();!isgraph(t);t=get());return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<any,char>::value,any>::type tpval(){char t;for(t=get();!isgraph(t);t=get());return t;}fastIO&operator>>(char*t){char c;for(c=get();!isgraph(c);c=get());for(;isgraph(c);c=get())*t=c,t++;*t=0;return*this;}fastIO&operator>>(std::string&t){t.clear();char c;for(c=get();!isgraph(c);c=get());for(;isgraph(c);c=get())t+=c;return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<any,std::string>::value,any>::type tpval(){std::string t;char c;for(c=get();!isgraph(c);c=get());for(;isgraph(c);c=get())t+=c;return t;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_signed<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__int128_t>::value,fastIO>::type&operator>>(any&t){t=0;bool y=0;char c=get();for(;!isdigit(c);c=get())if(c==45)y=true;for(;isdigit(c);c=get())t=t*10+c-48;if(y==1)t=-t;return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_signed<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__int128_t>::value,any>::type tpval(){any t=0;bool y=0;char c=get();for(;!isdigit(c);c=get())if(c==45)y=true;for(;isdigit(c);c=get())t=t*10+c-48;if(y==1)t=-t;return t;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_unsigned<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__uint128_t>::value,fastIO>::type&operator>>(any&t){t=0;char c=get();for(;!isdigit(c);c=get());for(;isdigit(c);c=get())t=t*10+c-48;return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_unsigned<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__uint128_t>::value,any>::type tpval(){any t=0;char c=get();for(;!isdigit(c);c=get());for(;isdigit(c);c=get())t=t*10+c-48;return t;}template<typename any1,typename any2>fastIO&operator>>(std::pair<any1,any2>&t){return*this>>t.first>>t.second;}template<typename any1,typename any2>std::pair<any1,any2>tpval(){return std::pair<any1,any2>(tpval<any1>(),tpval<any2>());}template<typename any>fastIO&read(any&t){return*this>>t;}fastIO&read(char*t){char c;for(c=get();!isgraph(c);c=get());for(;isgraph(c);c=get())*t=c,t++;*t=0;return*this;}template<typename any,typename...args>fastIO&read(any&t1,args&...t2){return(*this>>t1).read(t2...);}fastIO&operator<<(const char t){put(t);return*this;}fastIO&operator<<(const char*t){for(;*t;t++)put(*t);return*this;}fastIO&operator<<(const std::string&t){for(const char it:t)put(it);return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_signed<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__int128_t>::value,fastIO>::type&operator<<(any t){if(!t){put(48);return*this;}int len=0;if(t<0)t=-t,put(45);while(t)sta[len++]=char(t%10+48),t/=10;while(len--)put(sta[len]);return*this;}template<typename any>typename std::enable_if<(std::is_unsigned<any>::value&&std::is_integral<any>::value&&!std::is_same<any,char>::value)||std::is_same<any,__uint128_t>::value,fastIO>::type&operator<<(any t){if(!t){put(48);return*this;}int len=0;while(t)sta[len++]=char(t%10+48),t/=10;while(len--)put(sta[len]);return*this;}template<typename any1,typename any2>fastIO&operator<<(const std::pair<any1,any2>&t){return*this<<t.first<<' '<<t.second;}template<typename any>fastIO&write(const any&t){return*this<<t;}template<typename any,typename...args>fastIO&write(const any&t1,const args&...t2){return(*this<<t1).write(t2...);}~fastIO(){fwrite(obuf,p3-obuf,1,stdout);}}fio;
const long long mod=998244353,len=500,Inv=(mod+1)/2;
struct query{
	long long l,r,id,belong,ans;
}q[200005];
inline bool Cmp(query x,query y) {
	if(x.belong==y.belong&&(x.belong&1)) return x.r<y.r;
	if(x.belong==y.belong) return x.r>y.r;
	return x.belong<y.belong;
}
inline bool cmp(query x,query y) {
	return x.id<y.id;
}
long long n,fac[200005],inv[200005];
long long qpow(long long x,long long y) {
	long long ans=1;
	while(y) {
		if(y&1) ans=ans*x%mod;
		x=x*x%mod;
		y>>=1;
	}
	return ans;
}
long long C(int n,int m) {
	if(m<n) return 0;
	return fac[m]*inv[n]%mod*inv[m-n]%mod;
}
int main() {
	fio>>n,fac[0]=inv[0]=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=200000;i++) fac[i]=fac[i-1]*i%mod,inv[i]=qpow(fac[i],mod-2);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) fio>>q[i].l>>q[i].r,q[i].l--,q[i].r--,q[i].id=i,q[i].belong=(q[i].l+len-1)/len;
	sort(q+1,q+n+1,Cmp);
	long long l=0,r=-1,now=0;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
		while(l>q[i].l) now=(now+C(r,--l))*Inv%mod;
    	while(r<q[i].r) now=(now+C(++r,l))%mod;
    	while(l<q[i].l) now=(now*2-C(r,l++)+mod)%mod;
    	while(r>q[i].r) now=(now-C(r--,l)+mod)%mod;
    	q[i].ans=now;
	}
	sort(q+1,q+n+1,cmp);
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) fio<<q[i].ans*(qpow(2,q[i].l+1)-1+mod)%mod<<"\n";
	return 0;
}