#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long

using namespace std;

int t, y;
ll x;

inline void Solve(){
  cin >> x >> y;
  for(; y <= 60; y++){
    if(!(x & (1ll << y))){
      break;
    }
  }
  cout << (1ll << y) - 1 << '\n';
}

int main(){
  ios::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0);
  cin >> t;
  while(t--){
    Solve();
  }
  return 0;
}