#include "bits/stdc++.h" #include using namespace std; using ll = long long; using vll = vector; using pll = pair; using vpll = vector; #define reps(i, a, n) for (ll i = (a); i < (ll)(n); ++i) #define rep(i, n) reps(i, 0, n) #define rrep(i, n) reps(i, 1, n + 1) #define repd(i,n) for(ll i=n-1;i>=0;i--) #define rrepd(i,n) for(ll i=n;i>=1;i--) #define repsd(i, a, n) for(ll i=n;i>=a;i--) #define fore(i,a) for(auto &i:a) using i16 = std::int16_t; using u16 = std::uint16_t; using i32 = std::int32_t; using u32 = std::uint32_t; using i64 = std::int64_t; using u64 = std::uint64_t; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; using LL = __uint128_t; istream& operator>>(istream& is, LL& v) { string s; is >> s; v = 0; for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { if (isdigit(s[i])) { v = v * 10 + s[i] - '0'; } } if (s[0] == '-') { v *= -1; } return is; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const LL& v) { if (v == 0) { return (os << "0"); } LL num = v; if (v < 0) { os << '-'; num = -num; } string s; for (; num > 0; num /= 10) { s.push_back((char)(num % 10) + '0'); } reverse(s.begin(), s.end()); return (os << s); } LL cbrt128(LL n) { LL ng = 0, ok = 1; while (ok * ok * ok <= n) ok *= 2; while (ok - ng > 1) { LL mid = (ok + ng) / 2; LL tmp = mid * mid * mid; if (tmp >= n) ok = mid; else ng = mid; } return ok; } LL sqrt128(LL n) { LL ng = 0, ok = 1; while (ok * ok <= n) ok *= 2; while (ok - ng > 1) { LL mid = (ok + ng) / 2; LL tmp = mid * mid; if (tmp >= n) ok = mid; else ng = mid; } return ok; } namespace io { constexpr u128 parse_u128(const std::string &s) { u128 n = 0; for (char c : s) { if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { n = n * 10 + (c - '0'); } } return n; } std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, u128 &n) { std::istream::sentry sen(is); if (sen) { std::string s; is >> s; n = parse_u128(s); } return is; } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, u128 n) { std::ostream::sentry sen(os); if (sen) { if (n == 0) os << '0'; std::string ns; while (n) { int r = n % 10; n /= 10; ns += char('0' + r); } std::ranges::reverse(ns); os << ns; } return os; } } // namespace io inline namespace literals { constexpr u128 operator""_u128(const char *s) { return io::parse_u128(s); } } // namespace literals namespace factorization { template struct integer_pack; template <> struct integer_pack<32> { using I0 = i16; using U0 = u16; using I1 = i32; using U1 = u32; using I2 = i64; using U2 = u64; static constexpr int BITS_0 = std::numeric_limits::digits; static constexpr int BITS_1 = std::numeric_limits::digits; static constexpr int BITS_2 = std::numeric_limits::digits; }; template <> struct integer_pack<64> { using I0 = i64; using U0 = u64; using I1 = i64; using U1 = u64; using I2 = i128; using U2 = u128; static constexpr int BITS_0 = std::numeric_limits::digits; static constexpr int BITS_1 = std::numeric_limits::digits; static constexpr int BITS_2 = std::numeric_limits::digits; }; template <> struct integer_pack<128> { using I0 = i64; using U0 = u64; using I1 = i128; using U1 = u128; static constexpr int BITS_0 = std::numeric_limits::digits; static constexpr int BITS_1 = std::numeric_limits::digits; }; template struct dynamic_mod { using pack = integer_pack; using U0 = pack::U0; using U1 = pack::U1; using I1 = pack::I1; static constexpr int BITS_0 = pack::BITS_0; static constexpr int BITS_1 = pack::BITS_1; // N U1 mod; // R^-1 % N U1 R_1; // R^1 % N U1 R1; // R^2 % N U1 R2; // -(N^-1) % R U1 N_; // `(x1 * x2) >> BITS_1` static U1 multiply_high(U1 x, U1 y) { U0 hx = x >> BITS_0, lx = x; U0 hy = y >> BITS_0, ly = y; U1 ans = U1(hx) * hy; ans += (U1(hx) * ly) >> BITS_0; ans += (U1(lx) * hy) >> BITS_0; U1 m = U1(hx * ly) + U1(lx * hy) + ((U1(lx) * ly) >> BITS_0); ans += m >> BITS_0; return ans; } private: void set_N_() { U1 n_inv = mod; for (int bit = 2; bit < BITS_1; bit <<= 1) { n_inv *= 2 - n_inv * mod; } N_ = -n_inv; } void set_R1() { R1 = -mod % mod; } void set_R2() { R2 = R1; for (int _ = 0; _ < BITS_1; ++_) { R2 <<= 1; if (R2 >= mod) R2 -= mod; } } void set_R_1() { R_1 = 1 + multiply_high(mod, N_); } public: dynamic_mod(const U1 &modulo) : mod(modulo) { assert(~mod >> (BITS_1 - 1)); assert(mod & 1); set_N_(); set_R1(); set_R2(); set_R_1(); } U1 safe_mod(I1 x) const { x %= I1(mod); if (x < 0) x += I1(mod); return x; } // MR(x) U1 reduce(const U1 &x) const { return multiply_reduce(x, 1); } // MR(x * y) U1 multiply_reduce(const U1 &x, const U1 &y) const { U1 t_ = x * y * N_; U1 t = multiply_high(x, y) + multiply_high(t_, mod) + (x * y != 0); return t < mod ? t : t - mod; } U1 from(const U1 &x) const { return multiply_reduce(x % mod, R2); } U1 from(U1 &&x) const { return from(x); } U1 from_i(const I1 &x) const { return multiply_reduce(safe_mod(x), R2); } U1 from_i(I1 &&x) const { return from_i(x); } U1 val(const U1 &rx) const { return reduce(rx); } U1 pow(U1 rx, U1 e) const { U1 ans = R1, b = rx; while (e) { if (e & 1) ans = multiply_reduce(ans, b); b = multiply_reduce(b, b); e >>= 1; } return ans; } U1 add(const U1 &x, const U1 &y) const { U1 z = x + y; if (z >= mod) z -= mod; return z; } U1 sub(const U1 &x, const U1 &y) const { U1 z; if (__builtin_sub_overflow(x, y, &z)) z += mod; return z; } U1 mul(const U1 &x, const U1 &y) const { return multiply_reduce(x, y); } U1 neg(const U1 &x) const { return sub(0, x); } }; bool is_prime(u128 n) { using U1 = u128; if (n < 2) return false; for (U1 p : {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37}) { if (n == p) return true; if (n % p == 0) return false; } if (n < 41 * 41) return true; dynamic_mod<128> mont(n); const U1 one = mont.R1, neg_one = mont.neg(one); auto test_miller_rabin = [&](const std::vector &bases) { // int e = std::countr_zero(n - 1); // U1 o = n >> e; int e = 0; U1 o = n - 1; while (~o & 1) { o >>= 1; e++; } for (U1 b : bases) { U1 x = mont.pow(mont.from(b), o); if (x == one) continue; for (int ei = 0; ei < e; ++ei) { U1 y = mont.mul(x, x); if (y == one) { if (x == neg_one) break; return false; } x = y; if (ei == e - 1) return false; } } return true; }; if (n < 2047) return test_miller_rabin({2}); if (n < 9080191) return test_miller_rabin({31, 73}); if (n < 4759123141) return test_miller_rabin({2, 7, 61}); if (n < 1122004669633) return test_miller_rabin({2, 13, 23, 1662803}); if (n < 3770579582154547) return test_miller_rabin({2, 880937, 2570940, 610386380, 4130785767}); if (n < 18446744073709551616_u128) return test_miller_rabin({2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022}); if (n < 318665857834031151167461_u128) return test_miller_rabin({2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37}); if (n < 3317044064679887385961981_u128) return test_miller_rabin({2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41}); assert(false); } u128 gcd(u128 a, u128 b) { while (b) { u128 r = a % b; std::tie(a, b) = {b, r}; } return a; } template std::vector factorize(u128 n) { using std::array; using std::vector; if (n == 1) return {}; if (is_prime(n)) return {n}; vector ans; for (u128 p : {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37}) { while (n % p == 0) { ans.push_back(p); n /= p; } } if (n == 1) return ans; // here n is odd, n >= 3 (or n > 37) auto abs_diff = [](u128 x, u128 y) { return x > y ? x - y : y - x; }; auto main = [&](auto self, u128 nn) -> vector { if (nn == 1) return {}; if (is_prime(nn)) return {nn}; using namespace io; dynamic_mod<128> mont(nn); auto find_factor = [&]() { u128 rc = 0; auto f = [&](u128 rx) { return mont.add(mont.mul(rx, rx), rc); }; while (true) { ++rc; u128 rx = rc, ry = rx; u128 d = 1; // round ごとにみる array checkpoint{rx, ry}; while (d == 1) { u128 combined = 1; for (u128 _ = 0; _ < ROUND; _++) { rx = f(rx); ry = f(f(ry)); combined = mont.mul(combined, abs_diff(rx, ry)); } d = gcd(combined, nn); if (d == 1) { // この round では見つからず checkpoint = {rx, ry}; } if (d != 1 && d != nn) return d; } // 1つずつみる // tie(rx, ry) = checkpoint; rx = checkpoint[0]; ry = checkpoint[1]; d = 1; while (d == 1) { rx = f(rx); ry = f(f(ry)); d = gcd(abs_diff(rx, ry), nn); if (d != 1 && d != nn) return d; } // if (d == nn) continue; // return d; } }; u64 d = find_factor(); vector a1 = self(self, d); vector a2 = self(self, nn / d); a1.insert(a1.end(), a2.begin(), a2.end()); return a1; }; vector a = main(main, n); ans.insert(ans.end(), a.begin(), a.end()); return ans; } std::map to_freq(const std::vector &primes) { std::map freq; for (u128 p : primes) { freq[p]++; } return freq; } // [d for d divides n if pred(d)] // pred(d) == true <==> small enough template requires requires(T pred, u128 l) { { pred(l) } -> std::same_as; } std::vector list_divisors(const std::map &pe, T pred) { if (!pred(1)) return {}; std::vector ans{1}; for (auto [p, e] : pe) { for (int i = 0, s = ans.size(); i < s; ++i) { u128 d = ans[i]; for (int ei = 1; ei <= e; ++ei) { d *= p; if (!pred(d)) break; ans.push_back(d); } } } return ans; } } // namespace factorization u128 pow_int(u128 x, u128 p) { u128 res = 1; for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) res *= x; return res; } void fac2div(vector>& factors, vector& divisors, u128 val = 1, u128 idx = 0) { if (idx == factors.size()) divisors.push_back(val); else { fac2div(factors, divisors, val, idx + 1); rep(i, factors[idx].second) { val *= factors[idx].first; fac2div(factors, divisors, val, idx + 1); } } } // 約数列挙 vector divisor(u128 n) { auto mp = factorization::to_freq(factorization::factorize(2 * n)); vector> factors(mp.size()); vector divisors; auto it = mp.begin(); while(it != mp.end()) factors.push_back({it->first, it->second}), it++; fac2div(factors, divisors); return divisors; } /* vll divisor(ll n) { vll ret; for (ll i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) { if (n % i == 0) { ret.push_back(i); if (i * i != n) ret.push_back(n / i); } } sort(begin(ret), end(ret)); return ret; } */ int main() { u128 n; cin >> n; vector> ans; // d = r-l+1 によって場合分け vector divisors; // Eが2のとき divisors = divisor(6 * n); // 6*n = d * (2*d*d-6*d*r-3*d+6*r*r+6*r+1) // r = sqrt((12*n/d-d*d+1)/3)+d-1/2 fore(d, divisors) { u128 r = (sqrt128((12 * n / d - d * d + 1) / 3) + d - 1) / 2; if (6 * n != d * (2 * d * d - 6 * d * r - 3 * d + 6 * r * r + 6 * r + 1)) continue; u128 l = r - d + 1; if(l<=0) continue; ans.push_back({ 2,l,r }); } // Eが3のとき divisors = divisor(4 * n); // 4*n = d * (2*r-d+1)*(d*d-2*d*r-d+2*r*r+2*r) fore(d, divisors) { u128 ng = cbrt128(n) + 1, ok = d; if (ok > ng) continue; while (ng-ok > 1) { u128 mid = ok + ng >> 1; if (4 * n >= mid * mid * (mid + 1) * (mid + 1) - (mid - d) * (mid - d) * (mid - d + 1) * (mid - d + 1)) ok = mid; else ng = mid; } if (4 * n != ok * ok * (ok + 1) * (ok + 1) - (ok - d) * (ok - d) * (ok - d + 1) * (ok - d + 1)) continue; u128 r = ok; u128 l = r - d + 1; ans.push_back({ 3,l,r }); } // Eが4以上のとき int E = 4; while (true) { if (pow_int(2, E) > n) break; vector cum; u128 sum = 0; u128 k = 0; while (true) { u128 tmp = pow_int(k, E); if (tmp > n) break; sum += tmp; cum.push_back(sum); auto it = lower_bound(cum.begin(), cum.end(), sum - n); if (it != cum.end() && *it == sum - n) { ans.push_back({ E, it - cum.begin() + 1, k }); } k++; } E++; } sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); cout << ans.size() << "\n"; for (auto e : ans) { cout << e[0] << " " << e[1] << " " << e[2] << "\n"; } }