using System;
using static System.Console;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    static int NN => int.Parse(ReadLine());
    static int[] NList => ReadLine().Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
    static int[][] NArr(long n) => Enumerable.Repeat(0, (int)n).Select(_ => NList).ToArray();
    static int[] NMi => ReadLine().Split().Select(c => int.Parse(c) - 1).ToArray();
    static int[][] NMap(int n) => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => NMi).ToArray();
    static string[] SList(long n) => Enumerable.Repeat(0, (int)n).Select(_ => ReadLine()).ToArray();
    public static void Main()
    {
        Solve();
    }
    static void Solve()
    {
        var n = NN;
        var map = NMap(n - 1);
        var tree = new List<int>[n];
        for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) tree[i] = new List<int>();
        var revs = new int[n];
        foreach (var edge in map)
        {
            tree[edge[0]].Add(edge[1]);
            ++revs[edge[1]];
        }
        var root = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            if (revs[i] == 0)
            {
                root = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        WriteLine(DFS(root, tree).ans);
    }
    static (long ans, long sum, int count) DFS(int cur, List<int>[] tree)
    {
        var nans = 0L;
        var nsum = 0L;
        var ncount = 1;
        foreach (var next in tree[cur])
        {
            var (ans, sum, count) = DFS(next, tree);
            nans += ans;
            nsum += sum + count;
            ncount += count;
        }
        return (nans + nsum, nsum, ncount);
    }
}