use std::collections::*; use std::io::{Write, BufWriter}; // https://qiita.com/tanakh/items/0ba42c7ca36cd29d0ac8 macro_rules! input { ($($r:tt)*) => { let stdin = std::io::stdin(); let mut bytes = std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock())); let mut next = move || -> String{ bytes.by_ref().map(|r|r.unwrap() as char) .skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace()) .take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace()) .collect() }; input_inner!{next, $($r)*} }; } macro_rules! input_inner { ($next:expr) => {}; ($next:expr,) => {}; ($next:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => { let $var = read_value!($next, $t); input_inner!{$next $($r)*} }; } macro_rules! read_value { ($next:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => { ($(read_value!($next, $t)),*) }; ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => { (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::>() }; ($next:expr, usize1) => (read_value!($next, usize) - 1); ($next:expr, $t:ty) => ($next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")); } // Ported and modified from: // - // - // - struct PartiallyPersistentUnionFind { history: Vec<(usize, usize)>, par: Vec<(PPUFTime, i32)>, sz: Vec>, } #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] struct PPUFTime(i32); impl PartiallyPersistentUnionFind { pub fn new(n: usize) -> Self { let mut par = Vec::with_capacity(n); let mut sz = vec![vec![]; n]; for i in 0..n { par.push((PPUFTime(i32::max_value()), i as i32)); sz[i].push((PPUFTime(-1), 1)); } Self { history: vec![], par, sz, } } pub fn find(&self, mut u: usize, time: PPUFTime) -> usize { while self.par[u].0 <= time { u = self.par[u].1 as usize; } u } #[allow(unused)] pub fn same(&self, u: usize, v: usize, time: PPUFTime) -> bool { self.find(u, time) == self.find(v, time) } pub fn unite(&mut self, mut u: usize, mut v: usize) -> bool { let time = PPUFTime(self.history.len() as i32 + 1); u = self.find(u, time); v = self.find(v, time); if u == v { return false; } if self.sz[u].last().unwrap().1 < self.sz[v].last().unwrap().1 { std::mem::swap(&mut u, &mut v); } self.par[v] = (time, u as i32); let whole = self.sz[u].last().unwrap().1 + self.sz[v].last().unwrap().1; self.sz[u].push((time, whole)); self.history.push((u, v)); true } pub fn now(&self) -> PPUFTime { PPUFTime(self.history.len() as i32) } } // Tags: partially-persistent-union-find fn main() { let out = std::io::stdout(); let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock()); macro_rules! puts {($($format:tt)*) => (let _ = write!(out,$($format)*););} input! { n: usize, m: usize, q: usize, ab: [(usize1, usize1); m], cd: [(usize1, usize1); q], } let mut broken = HashSet::new(); for i in 0..q { broken.insert(cd[i]); } let mut uf = PartiallyPersistentUnionFind::new(n); for &e in &ab { if !broken.contains(&e) { uf.unite(e.0, e.1); } } let mut times = vec![uf.now()]; for &(c, d) in cd.iter().rev() { uf.unite(c, d); let time = uf.now(); times.push(time); } assert_eq!(times.len(), q + 1); for i in 1..n { let mut pass = q as i32 + 1; let mut fail = -1; while pass - fail > 1 { let mid = (pass - fail) / 2 + fail; if uf.same(0, i, times[mid as usize]) { pass = mid; } else { fail = mid; } } // connected right after cd[q - 1 - (pass - 1)] is added // q - 1 - (pass - 1) + 1 is the answer unless pass == 0 (connected from the beginning) let ans = if pass == 0 { -1 } else { q as i32 + 1 - pass }; puts!("{ans}\n"); } }