import sys
input = lambda :sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]
ni = lambda :int(input())
na = lambda :list(map(int,input().split()))
yes = lambda :print("yes");Yes = lambda :print("Yes");YES = lambda : print("YES")
no = lambda :print("no");No = lambda :print("No");NO = lambda : print("NO")
#######################################################################

p = ni()
s = 0
z = 1
for i in range(1, p + 1):
    z *= i
    z %= p

z = pow(z, p-2, p)
for i in range(p, 0, -1):
    # print(z)
    
    z *= i
    z %= p
    s += z
    s %= p

print(s)