#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include typedef std::pair Edge; class DisjointDataStructure { public: DisjointDataStructure(int number_of_nodes) { par = std::vector(number_of_nodes); std::iota(par.begin(), par.end(), 0); rank = std::vector(number_of_nodes); groups = std::vector>(number_of_nodes); for (int i = 0; i < number_of_nodes; i++) { groups[i].insert(i); } } int root(int node) { if (par[node] == node) { return node; } else { return par[node] = root(par[node]); } } inline bool inTheSameSet(int node1, int node2) { return root(node1) == root(node2); } inline std::unordered_set group(int x) { return groups[root(x)]; } void unite(int node1, int node2) { auto x = root(node1); auto y = root(node2); if (x == y) { return; } else if (rank[x] < rank[y]) { par[x] = y; groups[y].insert(groups[x].begin(), groups[x].end()); groups[x].clear(); } else { par[y] = x; groups[x].insert(groups[y].begin(), groups[y].end()); groups[y].clear(); if (rank[x] == rank[y]) { rank[x]++; } } } private: std::vector par; std::vector rank; std::vector> groups; }; std::vector solve(int n, int q, const std::set& all_edges, const std::vector& removed_edges) { auto removed_edges_set = std::set(removed_edges.begin(), removed_edges.end()); auto uf = DisjointDataStructure(n); constexpr int root = 0; auto con_time = std::vector(n); for (const auto& edge : all_edges) { if (removed_edges_set.count(edge) == 0) { uf.unite(edge.first, edge.second); } } for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (uf.inTheSameSet(root, i)) { con_time[i] = -1; } } for (int i = q - 1; i >= 0; i--) { auto source = removed_edges[i].first; auto dest = removed_edges[i].second; if (not uf.inTheSameSet(source, dest)) { auto bs = uf.inTheSameSet(root, source); auto bd = uf.inTheSameSet(root, dest); if (bs or bd) { if (bd) { std::swap(source, dest); } for (const auto& v : uf.group(dest)) { con_time[v] = i + 1; } } uf.unite(source, dest); } } return con_time; } int main() { std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int n, m, q; std::cin >> n >> m >> q; std::set all_edges; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; std::cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; all_edges.insert(std::make_pair(a, b)); } std::vector removed_edges; for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) { int c, d; std::cin >> c >> d; c--; d--; removed_edges.push_back(std::make_pair(c, d)); } auto con_time = solve(n, q, all_edges, removed_edges); for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { std::cout << con_time[i] << std::endl; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }