#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

int main(){
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while(T--){
        ll y, x;
        cin >> y >> x;
        x--;
        auto rec = [&](auto rec, ll y, ll x) -> ll {
            ll nx = x, msb = __lg(y);
            while(y >> (nx + 1) & 1) nx++;
            if(nx == msb) return y - 1;
            nx++;
            ll msk = (1ll << nx) - 1;
            ll ny = (y & ~msk) + (1ll << nx);
            return max(ny - y, nx - x) + rec(rec, ny, nx);
        };
        cout << rec(rec, y, x) << '\n';
    }
}