#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <atcoder/all>
using namespace std;
using namespace atcoder;
#define ll long long
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define repl(i,a,b) for(ll i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define all(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()

template <typename T> bool chmin(T &a,T b){if(a>b){a=b;return true;} return false;}
template <typename T> bool chmax(T &a,T b){if(a<b){a=b;return true;} return false;}


int main(){
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);

  int T; cin >> T;
  while(T--){
    ll r,c; cin >> r >> c;
    c--;
    ll ans=0;
    ll x=r,y=c;
    int le=-1,ri=-1;
    for(int i=60;i>=0;i--){
      if(((x>>i)&1) == 1 && ri == -1){
        ri=i;
      }
      if(ri != -1 && le == -1 && ((x>>i)&1) == 0){
        le=i;
        break;
      }
    }
    if(le<c){
      cout << x-1 << '\n';
      continue;
    }
    while(1){
      if(((x+1)>>y&1) == 1 || ((x+1)>>(y+1)&1) == 1) break;
      y++;
      ans++;
    }
    ll nx=0;
    rep(i,0,61){
      if(le<=i && i<=ri){
        nx+=(1ll<<i);
      }
    }
    ans+=(nx-x)+(nx-1);
    cout << ans << '\n';
  }
}