#if __INCLUDE_LEVEL__ == 0

#include __BASE_FILE__

using Mint = atcoder::modint998244353;

void Solve() {
  int n;
  IN(n);
  vector<int> parent(n, -1);
  vector<vector<int>> g(n);
  for (int i : Rep(1, n)) {
    IN(OneBased(parent[i]));
    g[parent[i]].push_back(i);
  }

  vector<int> sub(n, 1);
  for (int i : Rev(Rep(1, n))) {
    sub[parent[i]] += sub[i];
  }

  vector<vector<Mint>> f(n);
  for (int i : Rev(Rep(0, n))) {
    f[i] = {0, 1};
    for (int j : g[i]) {
      f[i] = atcoder::convolution(f[i], f[j]);
    }
    ranges::reverse(f[i]);
    partial_sum(ALL(f[i]), f[i].begin());
    ranges::reverse(f[i]);
  }
  OUT(reduce(ALL(f[0])));
}

int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(nullptr);

  Solve();
}

#elif __INCLUDE_LEVEL__ == 1

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#include <atcoder/convolution.hpp>
#include <atcoder/modint.hpp>

template <class T>
concept MyRange =
    std::ranges::range<T> &&
    !std::convertible_to<T, std::string_view> &&
    !std::convertible_to<T, std::filesystem::path>;

template <class T>
concept MyTuple = std::__is_tuple_like<T>::value && !MyRange<T>;

namespace std {

istream& operator>>(istream& is, MyRange auto&& r) {
  for (auto&& e : r) {
    is >> e;
  }
  return is;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& is, MyTuple auto&& t) {
  apply([&](auto&... xs) { (is >> ... >> xs); }, t);
  return is;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, MyRange auto&& r) {
  auto sep = "";
  for (auto&& e : r) {
    os << exchange(sep, " ") << forward<decltype(e)>(e);
  }
  return os;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, MyTuple auto&& t) {
  auto sep = "";
  apply([&](auto&... xs) { ((os << exchange(sep, " ") << xs), ...); }, t);
  return os;
}

template <class T, atcoder::internal::is_modint_t<T>* = nullptr>
istream& operator>>(istream& is, T& x) {
  int v;
  is >> v;
  x = T::raw(v);
  return is;
}

template <class T, atcoder::internal::is_modint_t<T>* = nullptr>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const T& x) {
  return os << x.val();
}

}  // namespace std

template <class T>
class OneBased {
 public:
  explicit OneBased(T&& x) : ref_(std::forward<T>(x)) {}

  template <class... Ts>
  requires(sizeof...(Ts) > 1)
      OneBased(Ts&&... xs) : ref_(std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Ts>(xs)...)) {}

  friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, OneBased x) {
    if constexpr (MyRange<T>) {
      for (auto&& e : x.ref_) {
        is >> ::OneBased(e);
      }
    } else if constexpr (MyTuple<T>) {
      std::apply([&](auto&... xs) { (is >> ... >> ::OneBased(xs)); }, x.ref_);
    } else {
      is >> x.ref_;
      --x.ref_;
    }
    return is;
  }

  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, OneBased x) {
    if constexpr (MyRange<T>) {
      auto f = [](auto&& e) { return ::OneBased(std::forward<decltype(e)>(e)); };
      os << (x.ref_ | std::views::transform(f));
    } else if constexpr (MyTuple<T>) {
      std::apply([&](auto&... xs) { os << std::tuple(::OneBased(xs)...); }, x.ref_);
    } else {
      os << ++x.ref_;
      --x.ref_;
    }
    return os;
  }

 private:
  T ref_;
};

template <class T>
OneBased(T&&) -> OneBased<T>;

template <class... Ts>
OneBased(Ts&&...) -> OneBased<std::tuple<Ts...>>;

using namespace std;

#define ALL(r) begin(r), end(r)
#define Rev views::reverse
#define Rep(...) [](int l, int r) { return views::iota(min(l, r), r); }(__VA_ARGS__)
#define IN(...) (cin >> forward_as_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
#define OUT(...) (cout << forward_as_tuple(__VA_ARGS__) << '\n')

#endif  // __INCLUDE_LEVEL__ == 1