#line 2 "/Users/korogi/Desktop/cp-cpp/template.hpp" #include using namespace std; using i32 = int; using i64 = long long; using i128 = __int128; using u32 = unsigned int; using u64 = unsigned long long; using u128 = unsigned __int128; using f32 = double; using f64 = long double; #define DMP(x) cout << "[" << __LINE__ << "]" << " " << #x << ":" << " " << x << endl; #define FOR1(n) for(int _ = 0 , n_ = (n); _ < n_; _++) #define FOR2(i, n) for(int i = 0 , n_ = (n); i < n_; i++) #define FOR3(i, s, t) for(int i = (s), t_ = (t); i < t_; i++) #define FOR4(i, s, t, d) for(int i = (s), t_ = (t), d_ = (d); i < t_; i += d_) #define OVERLOAD4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define FOR(...) OVERLOAD4(__VA_ARGS__, FOR4, FOR3, FOR2, FOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define REV1(n) for(int _ = (n) - 1; _ >= 0 ; _--) #define REV2(i, n) for(int i = (n) - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) #define REV3(i, s, t) for(int i = (t) - 1, s_ = (s); i >= s_; i--) #define REV4(i, s, t, d) for(int i = (t) - 1, s_ = (s), d_ = (d); i >= s_; i -= d_) #define OVERLOAD3(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define REV(...) OVERLOAD4(__VA_ARGS__, REV4, REV3, REV2, REV1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define FOR_SUBSET(T, S) for(int S_ = (S), T = S_; T >= 0; T = (T == 0 ? -1 : (T - 1) & S_)) #define MULTI for(int testcase_ = in(), testcase = 0; testcase < testcase_; testcase++) [&] template < class T > using heap_max = priority_queue< T, vector< T >, less< T > >; template < class T > using heap_min = priority_queue< T, vector< T >, greater< T >>; template < class T, class U > bool chmin(T& a, const U& b) { return a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0; } template < class T, class U > bool chmax(T& a, const U& b) { return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0; } i64 floor_div(const i64 n, const i64 d) { assert(d != 0); return n / d - ((n ^ d) < 0 && n % d != 0); } i64 ceil_div(const i64 n, const i64 d) { assert(d != 0); return n / d + ((n ^ d) >= 0 && n % d != 0); } template < class T, class F > T bin_search(T ok, T ng, const F& check) { while((ok > ng ? ok - ng : ng - ok) > 1) { T mid = (ok + ng) / 2; (check(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } template < class T, class F > T bin_search_real(T ok, T ng, const F& check, int step = 100) { FOR(step) { T mid = (ok + ng) / 2; (check(mid) ? ok : ng) = mid; } return ok; } template < class T, class U > T accum(const vector< U >& a) { return accumulate(a.begin(), a.end(), T(0)); } template < class T > void sort(vector< T >& a) { sort(a.begin(), a.end()); } template < class T > void rsort(vector< T >& a) { sort(a.rbegin(), a.rend()); } template < class T > void reverse(vector< T >& a) { reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); } void sort(string& s) { sort(s.begin(), s.end()); } void rsort(string& s) { sort(s.rbegin(), s.rend()); } void reverse(string& s) { reverse(s.begin(), s.end()); } template < class T, class Cmp > void sort(vector< T >& a, Cmp cmp) { sort(a.begin(), a.end(), cmp); } template < class T > int LB(const vector< T >& a, T x) { return distance(a.begin(), lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), x)); } template < class T > int UB(const vector< T >& a, T x) { return distance(a.begin(), upper_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), x)); } template < class T > void unique(vector< T >& a) { sort(a.begin(), a.end()); a.erase(unique(a.begin(), a.end()), a.end()); } vector iota(int n) { vector a(n); iota(a.begin(), a.end(), 0); return a; } istream& operator >> (istream& is, i128& x) { string s; is >> s; int m = (s[0] == '-'); x = 0; FOR(i, m, ssize(s)) x = x * 10 + (s[i] - '0'); if(m) x *= -1; return is; } ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const i128& x) { if(x == 0) return os << '0'; i128 y = x; if(y < 0) { os << '-'; y *= -1; } vector ny; while(y) ny.push_back(y % 10), y /= 10; REV(i, ssize(ny)) os << ny[i]; return os; } namespace scan { struct x0 { template < class T > operator T() { T x; cin >> x; return x; } }; struct x1 { int n; x1(int n) : n(n) {} template < class T > operator vector< T >() { vector< T > a(n); for(T& x : a) cin >> x; return a; } }; struct x2 { int h, w; x2(int h, int w) : h(h), w(w) {} template < class T > operator vector< vector< T > >() { vector m(h, vector< T >(w)); for(vector< T >& a : m) for(T& x : a) cin >> x; return m; } }; struct cppio { cppio() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); } } cppio_instance; } scan::x0 in() { return scan::x0(); } scan::x1 in(int n) { return scan::x1(n); } scan::x2 in(int h, int w) { return scan::x2(h, w); } template < class T > ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const vector< T >& a) { const int n = a.size(); FOR(i, n) { os << a[i]; if(i + 1 != n) os << ' '; } return os; } template < class T > int print_n(const vector< T >& a) { for(const T& x : a) cout << x << '\n'; return 0; } int print() { cout << '\n'; return 0; } template < class Head, class... Tail > int print(Head&& h, Tail&&... t) { cout << h; if(sizeof...(Tail)) cout << ' '; return print(forward(t)...); } namespace printer { void prec(int n) { cout << fixed << setprecision(n); } void flush() { cout.flush(); } } vector& operator ++ (vector& a) { for(auto& e : a) e++; return a; } vector& operator -- (vector& a) { for(auto& e : a) e--; return a; } vector operator ++ (vector& a, int) { vector b = a; ++a; return b; } vector operator -- (vector& a, int) { vector b = a; --a; return b; } template < class T > vector> RLE(const vector< T >& a) { vector> v; for(const T& x : a) { if(not v.empty() and v.back().first == x) v.back().second++; else v.emplace_back(x, 1); } return v; } vector> RLE(const string& s) { vector> v; for(const char& c : s) { if(not v.empty() and v.back().first == c) v.back().second++; else v.emplace_back(c, 1); } return v; } template < class String, class Same > vector RLE(const String& a, const Same same) { vector v; for(const auto& x : a) { if(not v.empty() and same(v.back().back(), x)) v.back().push_back(x); else v.push_back({x}); } return v; } int YESNO(bool yes) { return print(yes ? "YES" : "NO"); } int YesNo(bool yes) { return print(yes ? "Yes" : "No"); } int Yes() { return print("Yes"); } int No() { return print("No"); } constexpr i32 INF32 = 1e9; constexpr i64 INF64 = 1e18; template < class T > constexpr T infty = 0; template <> constexpr int infty = 1e9; template <> constexpr int infty = 1e9; template <> constexpr i64 infty = 1e18; template <> constexpr u64 infty = 1e18; namespace bit { int pop(int x) { return popcount(x); } int pop(u32 x) { return popcount(x); } int pop(i64 x) { return popcount(x); } int pop(u64 x) { return popcount(x); } int parity(int x) { return __builtin_parity(x); } int parity(u32 x) { return __builtin_parity(x); } int parity(i64 x) { return __builtin_parityll(x); } int parity(u64 x) { return __builtin_parityll(x); } int sgn(int x) { return parity(x) ? -1 : +1; } int sgn(u32 x) { return parity(x) ? -1 : +1; } int sgn(i64 x) { return parity(x) ? -1 : +1; } int sgn(u64 x) { return parity(x) ? -1 : +1; } int top(int x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x); } int top(u32 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x); } int top(i64 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); } int top(u64 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); } int low(int x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x); } int low(u32 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x); } int low(i64 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x); } int low(u64 x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x); } int ceil(int x) { return bit_ceil(x); } i64 ceil(i64 x) { return bit_ceil(x); } int floor(int x) { return bit_floor(x); } i64 floor(i64 x) { return bit_floor(x); } } // (-1)^n int parity_sign(int n) { return n % 2 == 0 ? +1 : -1; } // template < class T > pair< T, int > min(const vector< T >& a) { auto itr = min_element(a.begin(), a.end()); return {*itr, itr - a.begin()}; } // template < class T > pair< T, int > max(const vector< T >& a) { auto itr = max_element(a.begin(), a.end()); return {*itr, itr - a.begin()}; } template < class Key, class Value > struct key_value { Key key; Value value; }; template < class Value > key_value min(const vector& a) { assert(1 <= ssize(a)); auto itr = min_element(a.begin(), a.end()); return {static_cast(distance(a.begin(), itr)), *itr}; } template < class Value > key_value max(const vector& a) { assert(1 <= ssize(a)); auto itr = max_element(a.begin(), a.end()); return {static_cast(distance(a.begin(), itr)), *itr}; } struct grid { int H, W; grid(int H, int W) : H(H), W(W) {} static constexpr pair dir4[] = { {-1, 0}, { 0, -1}, { 0, +1}, {+1, 0} }; static constexpr pair dir8[] = { {-1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {-1, +1}, { 0, -1}, { 0, +1}, {+1, -1}, {+1, 0}, {+1, +1} }; bool contains(int i, int j) const { return 0 <= i and i < H and 0 <= j and j < W; } template < class F > void for_each_dir4(int i, int j, const F& f) const { for(const auto [di, dj] : dir4) { const int ni = i + di, nj = j + dj; if(contains(ni, nj)) f(ni, nj); } } template < class F > void for_each_dir8(int i, int j, const F& f) const { for(const auto [di, dj] : dir8) { const int ni = i + di, nj = j + dj; if(contains(ni, nj)) f(ni, nj); } } }; template < class Sum > struct psum1D { int n; vector s; psum1D() : n(0), s(1, Sum()) {} template < class Value > psum1D(const vector& a) : n(ssize(a)), s(n + 1, Sum()) { FOR(i, n) s[i + 1] = s[i] + static_cast(a[i]); } // [l, r) Sum v(int l, int r) const { assert(0 <= l and l <= r and r <= n); return s[r] - s[l]; } void push_back(const Sum& x) { s.push_back(s.back() + x); n += 1; } }; template < class Value > struct psum2D { int H, W; vector> A; bool built; psum2D(int H, int W) : H(H), W(W), A(H + 1, vector(W + 1, Value(0))), built(false) {} // A[x][y] += v void add(int x, int y, Value v) { assert(not built); assert(0 <= x and x < H); assert(0 <= y and y < W); A[x + 1][y + 1] += v; } void build() { FOR(x, H) FOR(y, W + 1) A[x + 1][y] += A[x][y]; FOR(x, H + 1) FOR(y, W) A[x][y + 1] += A[x][y]; built = true; } // [xL, xR) * [yL, yR) Value sum(int xL, int xR, int yL, int yR) { assert(built); assert(0 <= xL and xL <= xR and xR <= H); assert(0 <= yL and yL <= yR and yR <= W); return A[xR][yR] - A[xR][yL] - A[xL][yR] + A[xL][yL]; } Value get(int x, int y) { assert(built); assert(0 <= x and x < H); assert(0 <= y and y < W); return sum(x, x + 1, y, y + 1); } }; template < class Value > struct imos2D { int H, W; vector> A; bool built; imos2D(int H, int W) : H(H), W(W), A(H + 1, vector(W + 1, Value(0))), built(false) {} void add(int xL, int xR, int yL, int yR, Value v) { assert(not built); assert(0 <= xL and xL <= xR and xR <= H); assert(0 <= yL and yL <= yR and yR <= W); A[xL][yL] += v; A[xR][yL] -= v; A[xL][yR] -= v; A[xR][yR] += v; } void build() { assert(not built); FOR(i, H + 1) FOR(j, W) A[i][j + 1] += A[i][j]; FOR(i, H) FOR(j, W + 1) A[i + 1][j] += A[i][j]; built = true; } Value get(int x, int y) { assert(built); assert(0 <= x and x < H); assert(0 <= y and y < W); return A[x][y]; } }; #line 3 "/Users/korogi/Desktop/cp-cpp/rnd.hpp" namespace rnd { u32 seed; mt19937 mt; struct gen_seed { gen_seed() { seed = random_device()(); mt = mt19937(seed); } } gen_seed_instance; // [L, R) template < class Int > Int i(Int L, Int R) { assert(L < R); return uniform_int_distribution(L, R - 1)(mt); } template < class Real > Real r(Real L, Real R) { assert(L <= R); return uniform_real_distribution(L, R)(mt); } } template < int n, array mod > struct hash_vector { array a; using hvec = hash_vector; hvec& s(array a) { FOR(i, n) this->a[i] = a[i] < mod[i] ? a[i] : a[i] - mod[i]; return *this; } hash_vector(u32 v = 0) { FOR(i, n) a[i] = v % mod[i] + mod[i]; s(a); } hvec operator - () const { return hvec() - *this; } hvec& operator += (const hvec& r) { FOR(i, n) a[i] += r.a[i]; return s(a); } hvec& operator -= (const hvec& r) { FOR(i, n) a[i] += mod[i] - r.a[i]; return s(a); } hvec& operator *= (const hvec& r) { FOR(i, n) a[i] = u64(a[i]) * r.a[i] % mod[i]; return *this; } hvec& operator /= (const hvec& r) { return *this *= inv(r); } hvec operator + (const hvec& r) const { return hvec(*this) += r; } hvec operator - (const hvec& r) const { return hvec(*this) -= r; } hvec operator * (const hvec& r) const { return hvec(*this) *= r; } hvec operator / (const hvec& r) const { return hvec(*this) /= r; } bool operator == (const hvec& r) const { return a == r.a; } bool operator != (const hvec& r) const { return a != r.a; } bool operator < (const hvec& r) const { return a < r.a; } }; template < int n, array mod > hash_vector pow(hash_vector x, u64 m) { hash_vector p(1); for(; m; m >>= 1) { if(m & 1) p *= x; x *= x; } return p; } template < int n, array mod > hash_vector inv(hash_vector x) { hash_vector res; FOR(i, n) { u32 a = x.a[i], b = mod[i], u = 1, v = 0; while(b) { u32 t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b); swap(u -= t * v, v); } res[i] = u; } return res; } template < int n, array mod > ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const hash_vector< n, mod >& x) { FOR(i, n) { if(i) os << ' '; os << x.a[i]; } return os; } using hvec1 = hash_vector< 1, array{999999937} >; using hvec2 = hash_vector< 2, array{999999937, 1000000007} >; using hvec3 = hash_vector< 3, array{999999937, 1000000007, 1000000009} >; using hvec4 = hash_vector< 4, array{999999937, 1000000007, 1000000009, 1000000021} >; #line 280 "/Users/korogi/Desktop/cp-cpp/template.hpp" namespace r52 { int abs(int x) { return x >= 0 ? x : -x; } i64 abs(i64 x) { return x >= 0 ? x : -x; } i128 abs(i128 x) { return x >= 0 ? x : -x; } } #line 2 "/Users/korogi/Desktop/cp-cpp/ds/uf.hpp" struct union_find { int num_c; // 連結成分の個数 vector data; static constexpr int SKIP = -1; union_find() {} union_find(int n) : num_c(n), data(n, -1) {} int unite(int x, int y) { x = root(x), y = root(y); if(x == y) return SKIP; num_c--; if(size(x) < size(y)) swap(x, y); data[x] += data[y]; return data[y] = x; } int root(int x) { return data[x] < 0 ? x : data[x] = root(data[x]); } int size(int x) { return -data[root(x)]; } bool same(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); } // merge(x, y): s[x] <- s[x] + s[y] template < class F > int unite(int x, int y, const F& merge) { x = root(x), y = root(y); if(x == y) return SKIP; num_c--; if(size(x) < size(y)) swap(x, y); data[x] += data[y]; data[y] = x; merge(x, y); // s[x] <- s[x] + s[y] return x; } }; #line 3 "/Users/korogi/Desktop/cp-cpp/tree/hld.hpp" struct treeHLD { int n, root; struct edge { int to, i; }; vector> g; treeHLD(int n) : n(n), g(n), S(n, 0), D(n, 0), L(n, -1), R(n, -1), E(n, -1), id(0), decomped(0) {} void add_edge(int u, int v, int i = 0) { g[u].push_back({v, i}); g[v].push_back({u, i}); } void decomp(int r = 0) { root = r; nxt.assign(n, r); par.assign(n, r); dfs0(r); dfs1(r); decomped = true; } template < class Func > void path_query_comm(int u, int v, bool vertex, const Func& f) const { assert(decomped); const int x = lca(u, v); for(auto [a, b] : ascend(u, x)) tie(a, b) = minmax({a, b}), f(a, b); if(vertex) f(L[x], L[x] + 1); for(auto [a, b] : descend(x, v)) tie(a, b) = minmax({a, b}), f(a, b); } template < class Func > void path_query(int u, int v, bool vertex, const Func& f) const { assert(decomped); const int x = lca(u, v); for(auto [a, b] : ascend(u, x)) f(a, b); if(vertex) f(L[x], L[x] + 1); for(auto [a, b] : descend(x, v)) f(a, b); } template < class Func > void subtree_query(int v, bool vertex, const Func& f) const { assert(decomped); f(L[v] + !vertex, R[v]); } // v != root ? parent[v] : -1 int parent(int v) const { assert(decomped); return v == root ? -1 : par[v]; } int la(int v, int d) const { assert(decomped); while(v != -1) { const int u = nxt[v]; if(L[u] <= L[v] - d) return E[L[v] - d]; d -= L[v] - L[u] + 1; v = parent(u); } return v; } int lca(int u, int v) const { assert(decomped); for(; nxt[u] != nxt[v]; u = par[nxt[u]]) if(L[u] < L[v]) swap(u, v); return D[u] < D[v] ? u : v; } // 辺の本数 int dist(int u, int v) const { assert(decomped); return D[u] + D[v] - D[lca(u, v)] * 2; } int jump(int u, int v, int d) const { assert(decomped); const int D_x = D[lca(u, v)]; if(d <= D[u] - D_x) return la(u, d); d -= D[u] - D_x; if(d <= D[v] - D_x) return la(v, D[v] - D_x - d); return -1; } int in_subtree(int r, int v) const { assert(decomped); return L[r] < L[v] and R[v] <= R[r]; } pair seq_seg(int v) const { assert(decomped); return {L[v], R[v]}; } int seq_pos(int v) const { assert(decomped); return L[v]; } int seq_end(int v) const { assert(decomped); return R[v]; } int depth(int v) const { assert(decomped); return D[v]; } int subtree_size(int v) const { assert(decomped); return S[v]; } int euler(int i) const { assert(decomped); return E[i]; } bool is_decomped() const { return decomped; } private: int id, decomped; vector S, D, L, R, nxt, par, E; void dfs0(int v) { S[v] = 1; for(edge& e : g[v]) { if(e.to == par[v]) { if(ssize(g[v]) >= 2 and e.to == g[v][0].to) swap(g[v][0], g[v][1]); else continue; } D[e.to] = D[v] + 1; par[e.to] = v; dfs0(e.to); S[v] += S[e.to]; if(S[e.to] > S[g[v][0].to]) swap(e, g[v][0]); } } void dfs1(int v) { L[v] = id++; E[L[v]] = v; for(edge e : g[v]) if(e.to != par[v]) { nxt[e.to] = (e.to == g[v][0].to ? nxt[v] : e.to); dfs1(e.to); } R[v] = id; } vector> ascend(int u, int v) const { assert(decomped); vector> res; for(; nxt[u] != nxt[v]; u = par[nxt[u]]) res.push_back({L[u] + 1, L[nxt[u]]}); if(u != v) res.push_back({L[u] + 1, L[v] + 1}); return res; } vector> descend(int u, int v) const { assert(decomped); if(u == v) return {}; if(nxt[u] == nxt[v]) return {{L[u] + 1, L[v] + 1}}; vector> res = descend(u, par[nxt[v]]); res.push_back({L[nxt[v]], L[v] + 1}); return res; } }; #line 4 "a.cpp" int main() { string S = in(); S = '(' + S + ')'; const int N = ssize(S); vector opp(N); { stack I; FOR(i, N) { if(S[i] == '(') { I.push(i); } else { assert(not I.empty()); const int j = I.top(); I.pop(); opp[i] = j; opp[j] = i; } } } vector idx(N, -1); int M = 0; FOR(i, N) { if(i < opp[i]) { idx[i] = M++; } else { idx[i] = idx[opp[i]]; } } treeHLD tree(M); vector> G(M); vector pos(M, -1); { vector I; FOR(i, N) { if(S[i] == '(') { if(not I.empty()) { const int p = idx[I.back()]; const int v = idx[i]; tree.add_edge(p, v); pos[v] = ssize(G[p]); G[p].push_back(v); } I.push_back(i); } else { assert(not I.empty()); I.pop_back(); } } } tree.decomp(0); vector W(M, 0); auto dfs = [&](auto dfs, int v, int d) -> void { W[v] = d; const int K = ssize(G[v]); FOR(i, K) { const int to = G[v][i]; dfs(dfs, to, d + min(i + 1, K - i)); } }; dfs(dfs, 0, 0); int Q = in(); FOR(Q) { int L = in(), R = in(); L = idx[L]; R = idx[R]; if(L == R) { print(0); } else { const int X = tree.lca(L, R); if(L == X or R == X) { print(abs(W[L] - W[R])); } else { const int A = tree.jump(X, L, 1); const int B = tree.jump(X, R, 1); const int I = pos[A]; const int J = pos[B]; const int K = ssize(G[X]); const int D = min(abs(I - J), K + 1 - abs(I - J)); print(W[L] - W[A] + W[R] - W[B] + D); } } } }