from sys import stdin
input = stdin.readline

def eratosthenes(n):
    sieve = [True] * (n + 1)
    for i in range(int(n**0.5) + 1):
        if i < 2:
            sieve[i] = False
        elif sieve[i]:
            for j in range(i, n//i + 1):
                sieve[i * j] = False
    return sieve

E = eratosthenes(10**7)
cum = [0]
cum2 = [0]
for i in range(1, 10**7+1):
    cum.append(cum[-1])
    cum2.append(cum2[-1])
    if E[i] and E[i^2] and i^2 < i:
        cum[-1] += 1
    if E[i]:
        cum2[-1] += 1

def matrix(a, b):
    ans = [[0]*len(b[0]) for _ in range(len(a))]
    for i in range(len(a)):
        for j in range(len(b[0])):
            for k in range(len(b)):
                ans[i][j] += a[i][k]*b[k][j]%MOD
                ans[i][j] %= MOD
    return ans

MOD = 998244353

for _ in range(int(input())):
    N, M = map(int, input().split())

    if N == 1:
        print(cum2[M])
        continue

    dp = [[[0]*2 for _ in range(2)]]
    C = cum[M]
    dp[0][0][1] = 1
    dp[0][1][0] = C*2%MOD
    dp[0][1][1] = 1
    for _ in range(29):
        dp.append(matrix(dp[-1], dp[-1]))

    ansM = [[1], [C*2%MOD]]
    for i in range(30):
        if 1<<i & (N-1):
            ansM = matrix(dp[i], ansM)
    
    print((ansM[0][0]+ansM[1][0])%MOD)