/** author: shobonvip created: 2026.04.19 08:29:12 **/ #include using namespace std; //* ATCODER #include using namespace atcoder; typedef modint998244353 mint; //*/ /* BOOST MULTIPRECISION #include using namespace boost::multiprecision; //*/ typedef long long ll; #define rep(i, s, n) for (int i = (int)(s); i < (int)(n); i++) #define rrep(i, s, n) for (int i = (int)(n)-1; i >= (int)(s); i--) #define all(v) v.begin(), v.end() template bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a <= b) return false; a = b; return true; } template bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a >= b) return false; a = b; return true; } template T max(vector &a){ assert(!a.empty()); T ret = a[0]; for (int i=0; i<(int)a.size(); i++) chmax(ret, a[i]); return ret; } template T min(vector &a){ assert(!a.empty()); T ret = a[0]; for (int i=0; i<(int)a.size(); i++) chmin(ret, a[i]); return ret; } template T sum(vector &a){ T ret = 0; for (int i=0; i<(int)a.size(); i++) ret += a[i]; return ret; } int main(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int k; cin >> k; vector> edge; scc_graph scc(n); rep(i,0,m) { int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--; v--; edge.emplace_back(u, v); scc.add_edge(u, v); } vector> g = scc.scc(); vector taio(n, -1); vector cango(n, vector(0)); vector inner(n, vector(0)); rep(i,0,(int)g.size()) { rep(j,0,(int)g[i].size()) { taio[g[i][j]] = i; } } rep(i,0,m) { auto [u,v] = edge[i]; if (taio[u] == taio[v]) { inner[u].emplace_back(v); continue; } cango[taio[u]].emplace_back(taio[v]); } vector d(n, -1); auto dfs = [&](auto self, int i) -> int { if (d[i] != -1) return d[i]; int v = 1; for (int j: cango[i]) { chmax(v, self(self, j) + 1); } d[i] = v; return v; }; dfs(dfs, taio[0]); if (d[taio[0]] != (int)g.size()) { cout << "No\n"; return 0; } vector road; auto dfs2 = [&](auto self, int i) -> void { road.emplace_back(i); for (int j: cango[i]) { if (d[i] - 1 == d[j]) { self(self, j); break; } } }; dfs2(dfs2, taio[0]); rep(i,0,(int)road.size() - 1) { if (g[road[i]].size() == 1 && g[road[i+1]].size() == 1) { cout << "No\n"; return 0; } } vector tansaku(n, -1); int gs = 0; auto dfs3 = [&](auto self, int i) -> void { for (int j: inner[i]) { if (tansaku[j] == -1) { tansaku[j] = tansaku[i] + 1; self(self, j); } else { gs = gcd(gs, abs(tansaku[i] - tansaku[j] + 1)); } } }; rep(i,0,(int)road.size()) { gs = 0; tansaku[g[road[i]].front()] = 0; dfs3(dfs3, g[road[i]].front()); if (gs > 0 && gs % 2 == 0) { cout << "No\n"; return 0; } } cout << "Yes\n"; return 0; }