N,M,K=map(int,input().split())
v0=[0]*N
v1=[0]*N
for i in range(M):
  a,b=map(int,input().split())
  v0[a-1]+=1
  v1[b-1]+=1
result=0
L=[]
count=0
for i in range(N):
  if v0[i]>0:
    result+=max(0,K-v1[i])
    count+=1
  else:
    c=max(0,K-v1[i])
    L.append(c)
L.sort()
rest=K+1-count
for i in range(rest):
  result+=L[i]
print(result)