n = read_line.to_i g = Array.new(n) { [] of Int32 } (n - 1).times do a, b = read_line.split.map(&.to_i) g[a - 1] << b - 1 g[b - 1] << a - 1 end q = [0] parent = Array.new(n, -1) n.times do |i| cur = q[i] g[cur].each do |adj| next if parent[cur] == adj parent[adj] = cur q << adj end end is_leaf = Array.new(n) { |i| g[i].size == 1 && i != 0 } color = Array.new(n, 0) ans = 0 (n - 1).downto(0) do |i| cur = q[i] next if is_leaf[cur] par = parent[cur] cnt_black = 0 cnt_leaf = 0 g[cur].each do |adj| next if par == adj if color[adj] == 1 cnt_black += 1 end if is_leaf[adj] cnt_leaf += 1 end end if cnt_black * 2 > g[cur].size paint(cur, g, parent, color) elsif cnt_leaf >= 2 ans += 1 paint(cur, g, parent, color) end end n.times do |i| cur = q[i] if color[cur] == 0 ans += 1 paint(cur, g, parent, color) end end puts ans def paint(cur, g, parent, color) return if color[cur] == 1 color[cur] = 1 g[cur].each do |adj| next if parent[cur] == adj paint(adj, g, parent, color) end end