#line 2 "lib/template.hpp"
# pragma GCC optimize("O3")
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <deque>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
#include <complex>
#include <bitset>
#include <chrono>
#include <random>
#include <limits>
#include <optional>
#include <variant>
#include <any>

#include <array>
#include <bit>
#include <compare>
#include <concepts>
#include <numbers>
#include <ranges>
#include <span>
#include <string_view>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <version>
using uint=unsigned;
using ll=long long;
using ull=unsigned long long;
using ld=long double;
using pii=pair<int,int>;
using pll=pair<ll,ll>;
using i128=__int128;
template<class T>using vc=vector<T>;
template<class T>using vvc=vc<vc<T>>;
template<class T>using vvvc=vvc<vc<T>>;
#define vec(d,T,n,...) vec_##d(T,n,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vec_1(T,n,a) vector<T> n(a)
#define vec_2(T,n,a,b) vector<vector<T>> n(a,vector<T>(b))
#define vec_3(T,n,a,b,c) vector<vector<vector<T>>> n(a,vector<vector<T>>(b,vector<T>(c)))
#define vec_4(T,n,a,b,c,d) vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>> n(a,vector<vector<vector<T>>>(b,vector<vector<T>>(c,vector<T>(d))))
#define vec_5(T,n,a,b,c,d,e) vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>> n(a,vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>(b,vector<vector<vector<T>>>(c,vector<vector<T>>(d,vector<T>(e)))))
#define vec_6(T,n,a,b,c,d,e,f) vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>>> n(a,vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>>(b,vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>(c,vector<vector<vector<T>>>(d,vector<vector<T>>(e,vector<T>(f))))))
#define vec_7(T,n,a,b,c,d,e,f,g) vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>>>> n(a,vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>>>(b,vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>>(c,vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>(d,vector<vector<vector<T>>>(e,vector<vector<T>>(f,vector<T>(g)))))))
template<class T>using smpq=priority_queue<T,vector<T>,greater<T>>;
template<class T>using bipq=priority_queue<T>;
#define rep(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define REP(i,j,n) for(ll i=(j);i<(ll)(n);i++)
#define DREP(i,n,m) for(ll i=(n);i>=(m);i--)
#define drep(i,n) for(ll i=((n)-1);i>=0;i--)
#define rall(x) x.rbegin(),x.rend()
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define se second
#define is insert
#define bg begin()
#define ed end()
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()
void scan(int&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(ll&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(string&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(uint&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(ull&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(bool&a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(ld&a){ cin>> a;}
template<class T> void scan(vector<T>&a) { for(auto&x:a) scan(x); }
void read() {}
template<class Head, class... Tail> void read(Head&head, Tail&... tail) { scan(head); read(tail...); }
#define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define ULL(...) ull __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define STR(...) string __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define CHR(...) char __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define DBL(...) double __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define LD(...) ld __VA_ARGS__; read(__VA_ARGS__);
#define VC(type, name, ...) vector<type> name(__VA_ARGS__); read(name);
#define VVC(type, name, size, ...) vector<vector<type>> name(size, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__)); read(name);
template<class T>void print(T a) { cout << a; }
template<class T> void print(vector<T>a) { for(int i=0;i<(int)a.size();i++){if(i)cout<<" ";print(a[i]);}cout<<endl;}
void PRT() { cout <<endl; return ; }
template<class T> void PRT(T a) { print(a); cout <<endl; return; }
template<class Head, class... Tail> void PRT(Head head, Tail ... tail) { print(head); cout << " "; PRT(tail...); return; }
template<class T,class F>
bool chmin(T &x, F y){
    if(x>y){
        x=y;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
template<class T, class F>
bool chmax(T &x, F y){
    if(x<y){
        x=y;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
template <typename T>
T floor(T a, T b) {
  return a / b - (a % b && (a ^ b) < 0);
}
template <typename T>
T ceil(T x, T y) {
  return floor(x + y - 1, y);
}
template <typename T>
T bmod(T x, T y) {
  return x - y * floor(x, y);
}
template <typename T>
pair<T, T> divmod(T x, T y) {
  T q = floor(x, y);
  return {q, x - q * y};
}
void YesNo(bool b){
    cout<<(b?"Yes":"No")<<endl;
}
void Yes(){
    cout<<"Yes"<<endl;
}
void No(){
    cout<<"No"<<endl;
}
template<class T=ll>
T isqrt(T x){
    T F=sqrtl(x);
    while((F+1)*(F+1)<=x)F++;
    while(F*F>x)F--;
    return F;
}
template<class T>
int popcount(T n){
    return __builtin_popcountll(n);
}
template<class T,class L=ll>
L sum(vc<T>&a){
    return accumulate(all(a),L(0));
}
template<class T>
vc<T>subset(T S){
    vc<T>ans;
    for(T x=S;x>0;x=(x-1)&S)ans.pb(x);
    ans.pb(0);
    return ans;
}
template<class T>
T max(vc<T>&a){
    return *max_element(all(a));
}
template<class T>
T min(vc<T>&a){
    return *min_element(all(a));
}
vvc<int>readgraph(int n,int m,int off = -1){
    vvc<int> g(n);
    rep(i, m){
        int u,v;
        cin>>u>>v;
        u+=off,v+=off;
        g[u].push_back(v);
        g[v].push_back(u);
    }
    return g;
}
vvc<int> readtree(int n,int off=-1){
    return readgraph(n,n-1,off);
}
template<class T,class L=ll>
vc<L> presum(vc<T> &a){
    vc<L> ret(a.size()+1);
    rep(i,a.size())ret[i+1]=ret[i]+a[i];
    return ret;
}
template<class T, class F>
vc<T> &operator+=(vc<T> &a,F b){
    for (auto&v:a)v += b;
    return a;
}
template<class T, class F>
vc<T> &operator-=(vc<T>&a,F b){
    for (auto&v:a)v-=b;
    return a;
}
template<class T, class F>
vc<T> &operator*=(vc<T>&a,F b){
    for (auto&v:a)v*=b;
    return a;
}
template<class T=ll>
constexpr T POW(T a,T b){
    T res=1;
    while(b){
        if(b&1)res*=a;
        a*=a;
        b/=2;
    }
    return res;
}
constexpr ll ten(ll a){
    return POW<ll>(10,a);
}
template<typename T>constexpr T inf=numeric_limits<T>::max()/2-1;
int tbit(int32_t x){return x==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz((uint32_t)x);}
int lbit(int32_t x){return x==0?-1:__builtin_ctz((uint32_t)x);}
int tbit(uint32_t x){return x==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz(x);}
int lbit(uint32_t x){return x==0?-1:__builtin_ctz(x);}
int tbit(int64_t x){return x==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll((uint64_t)x);}
int lbit(int64_t x){return x==0?-1:__builtin_ctzll((uint64_t)x);}
int tbit(uint64_t x){return x==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(x);}
int lbit(uint64_t x){return x==0?-1:__builtin_ctzll(x);}
int tbit(int32_t x,int p){return p<0?-1:tbit((int32_t)(x&(p>=31?~0u:(1u<<(p+1))-1)));}
int lbit(int32_t x,int p){return p>31?-1:lbit((int32_t)(x&(~0u<<p)));}
int tbit(uint32_t x,int p){return p<0?-1:tbit((uint32_t)(x&(p>=31?~0u:(1u<<(p+1))-1)));}
int lbit(uint32_t x,int p){return p>31?-1:lbit((uint32_t)(x&(~0u<<p)));}
int tbit(int64_t x,int p){return p<0?-1:tbit((int64_t)(x&(p>=63?~0ULL:(1ULL<<(p+1))-1)));}
int lbit(int64_t x,int p){return p>63?-1:lbit((int64_t)(x&(~0ULL<<p)));}
int tbit(uint64_t x,int p){return p<0?-1:tbit((uint64_t)(x&(p>=63?~0ULL:(1ULL<<(p+1))-1)));}
int lbit(uint64_t x,int p){return p>63?-1:lbit((uint64_t)(x&(~0ULL<<p)));}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, __int128& x) {
    std::streambuf* sb = is.rdbuf();

    int c = sb->sgetc();
    while (c <= ' ') c = sb->snextc();

    bool neg = false;
    if (c == '-') {
        neg = true;
        c = sb->snextc();
    }

    unsigned __int128 v = 0;

    while ((unsigned)(c - '0') < 10) {
        v = v * 10 + (c - '0');
        c = sb->snextc();
    }

    x = neg ? -(__int128)v : (__int128)v;
    return is;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, __int128 x) {
    std::streambuf* sb = os.rdbuf();

    if (x == 0) {
        sb->sputc('0');
        return os;
    }

    char buf[40];
    int pos = 39;

    bool neg = x < 0;
    unsigned __int128 v = neg ? -(unsigned __int128)x : (unsigned __int128)x;

    while (v) {
        buf[--pos] = char('0' + (v % 10));
        v /= 10;
    }

    if (neg) buf[--pos] = '-';

    sb->sputn(buf + pos, 39 - pos);
    return os;
}
#ifdef LOCAL

template<typename T, typename U> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<T, U>& p);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& v);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::deque<T>& dq);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::list<T>& lst);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::set<T>& s);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::unordered_set<T>& s);
template<typename K, typename V> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::map<K, V>& m);
template<typename K, typename V> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::unordered_map<K, V>& m);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::stack<T> st);
template<typename T> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::queue<T> q);
template<typename T, std::size_t N> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::array<T, N>& a);
template <typename T, typename Container, typename Compare>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::priority_queue<T, Container, Compare> pq);

#define dbg(...) debug_func(0, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)

template <typename T>
void debug_func(int i, T name) {
  cout << endl;
}

template <typename T1, typename T2, typename... T3>
void debug_func(int i, const T1 &name, const T2 &a, const T3 &...b) {
  for ( ; name[i] != ',' && name[i] != '\0'; i++ ) cout << name[i];
  cout << ":" << a << " ";
  debug_func(i + 1, name, b...);
}
// pair
template<typename T, typename U>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<T, U>& p) {
    return os << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")";
}
// vector
template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& v) {
    os << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
        os << v[i];
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::deque<T>& dq) {
    os << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < dq.size(); ++i) {
        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
        os << dq[i];
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::list<T>& lst) {
    os << "[";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& x : lst) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << x;
        first = false;
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::set<T>& s) {
    os << "{";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& x : s) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << x;
        first = false;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::unordered_set<T>& s) {
    os << "{";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& x : s) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << x;
        first = false;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template<typename K, typename V>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::map<K, V>& m) {
    os << "{";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& kv : m) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << kv;
        first = false;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template<typename K, typename V>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::unordered_map<K, V>& m) {
    os << "{";
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& kv : m) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << kv;
        first = false;
    }
    os << "}";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::stack<T> st) {
    os << "[";
    bool first = true;
    while (!st.empty()) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << st.top();
        st.pop();
        first = false;
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::queue<T> q) {
    os << "[";
    bool first = true;
    while (!q.empty()) {
        if (!first) os << ", ";
        os << q.front();
        q.pop();
        first = false;
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

template<typename T, typename Container, typename Compare>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::priority_queue<T, Container, Compare> pq) {
    os << "[";
    while (!pq.empty()) {
        os << pq.top() << (pq.size() > 1 ? ", " : "");
        pq.pop();
    }
    return os << "]";
}
template<typename T, std::size_t N>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::array<T, N>& a) {
    os << "[";
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        if (i > 0) os << ", ";
        os << a[i];
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}
#else
#define dbg(...) 1111
#endif
#line 4 "lib/graph/base.hpp"
struct Unweighted{
    Unweighted()=default;
    Unweighted(int){}
    operator int()const{return 1;}
};
template<class T=Unweighted>
struct edge{
    int from,to,id;
    [[no_unique_address]] T cost;
    #ifdef LOCAL
    friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,const edge&e){
        return os<<"{from:"<<e.from<<",to:"<<e.to<<",id:"<<e.id<<",cost:"<<e.cost<<"}";
    }
    #endif
};
template<class T,class=void>struct is_edge:false_type{};
template<class T>struct is_edge<T,void_t<decltype(declval<T>().from),decltype(declval<T>().to),decltype(declval<T>().id),decltype(declval<T>().cost)>>:true_type{};
struct empty_storage{};
template<bool is_directed,class T=Unweighted>
struct static_graph{
    constexpr static bool directed(){return is_directed;}
    using edge=conditional_t<is_edge<T>::value,T,::edge<T>>;
    using cost_t=decltype(declval<edge>().cost);
private:
    int n,m,added=0;
    mutable bool csr_built=false;
    [[no_unique_address]] mutable conditional_t<is_directed,bool,empty_storage> inv_built{};
    vc<edge>_all_edges;
    mutable vc<int>csr_start;
    mutable vc<edge>csr_edge;
    [[no_unique_address]] mutable conditional_t<is_directed,vc<int>,empty_storage>inv_start;
    [[no_unique_address]] mutable conditional_t<is_directed,vc<edge>,empty_storage>inv_edge;
public:
    static_graph(int n):n(n),m(-1),csr_start(n+1){}
    static_graph(int n,int m):n(n),m(m),csr_start(n+1){_all_edges.reserve(m);}
    void add_edge(const edge&e){
        assert(0<=e.from&&e.from<n&&0<=e.to&&e.to<n);
        _all_edges.push_back(e);
        csr_built=false;
        if constexpr(is_directed)inv_built=false;
        if(++added==m)build();
    }
    void add_edge(int a,int b,cost_t cost=1,int id=-1){
        assert(0<=a&&a<n&&0<=b&&b<n);
        if(id==-1)id=(int)_all_edges.size();
        _all_edges.push_back({a,b,id,cost});
        csr_built=false;
        if constexpr(is_directed)inv_built=false;
        if(++added==m)build();
    }
    template<int substract=0>
    void input(int edge_count){
        rep(i,edge_count){
            INT(a,b);
            a-=substract;
            b-=substract;
            add_edge(a,b);
        }
    }
    void build()const{
        if(csr_built)return;
        csr_built=true;
        csr_start.assign(n+1,0);
        for(auto&e:_all_edges){
            csr_start[e.from]++;
            if constexpr(!is_directed)csr_start[e.to]++;
        }
        rep(i,n)csr_start[i+1]+=csr_start[i];
        csr_edge.resize(csr_start[n]);
        for(auto it=_all_edges.rbegin();it!=_all_edges.rend();++it){
            auto&e=*it;
            csr_edge[--csr_start[e.from]]=e;
            if constexpr(!is_directed)csr_edge[--csr_start[e.to]]={e.to,e.from,e.id,e.cost};
        }
    }
    void build_inv()const{
        if constexpr(!is_directed){
            build();
            return;
        }else{
            if(inv_built)return;
            inv_built=true;
            inv_start.assign(n+1,0);
            for(auto&e:_all_edges){
                inv_start[e.to]++;
            }
            rep(i,n)inv_start[i+1]+=inv_start[i];
            inv_edge.resize(inv_start[n]);
            for(auto it=_all_edges.rbegin();it!=_all_edges.rend();++it){
                auto&e=*it;
                inv_edge[--inv_start[e.to]]={e.to,e.from,e.id,e.cost};
            }
        }
    }
    const vc<edge>&all_edges()const{return _all_edges;}
    int edge_size()const{return (int)_all_edges.size();}
    edge get_edge(int id)const{
        assert(0<=id&&id<edge_size());
        return _all_edges[id];
    }
    int out_deg(int u)const{assert(0<=u&&u<n);build();return csr_start[u+1]-csr_start[u];}
    int in_deg(int u)const{
        assert(0<=u&&u<n);
        if constexpr(!is_directed){
            return out_deg(u);
        }else{
            build_inv();
            return inv_start[u+1]-inv_start[u];
        }
    }
    int deg(int u)const{return out_deg(u);}
    template<class E>
    struct span{
        E*l; E* r;
        E*begin()const{return l;}
        E*end()const{return r;}
        int size()const{return r-l;}
        E&operator[](int i){return l[i];}
        const E&operator[](int i)const{return l[i];}
    };
    auto operator[](int u){
        assert(0<=u&&u<n);build();
        return span<edge>{csr_edge.data()+csr_start[u],csr_edge.data()+csr_start[u+1]};
    }
    auto operator[](int u)const{
        assert(0<=u&&u<n);build();
        return span<const edge>{csr_edge.data()+csr_start[u],csr_edge.data()+csr_start[u+1]};
    }
    auto inv(int u){
        assert(0<=u&&u<n);
        if constexpr(!is_directed){
            return (*this)[u];
        }else{
            build_inv();
            return span<edge>{inv_edge.data()+inv_start[u],inv_edge.data()+inv_start[u+1]};
        }
    }
    auto inv(int u)const{
        assert(0<=u&&u<n);
        if constexpr(!is_directed){
            return (*this)[u];
        }else{
            build_inv();
            return span<const edge>{inv_edge.data()+inv_start[u],inv_edge.data()+inv_start[u+1]};
        }
    }
    int size()const{return n;}
    template<class F>vvc<F>adj()const{
        vvc<F>res(n,vc<F>(n));
        for(auto&e:all_edges()){
            res[e.from][e.to]=e.cost;
            if(directed()==false)res[e.to][e.from]=e.cost;
        }
        return res;
    }
    void clear(){
        added=0;
        csr_built=false;
        if constexpr(is_directed)inv_built=false;
        _all_edges.clear();_all_edges.shrink_to_fit();
        csr_start.assign(n+1,0);csr_start.shrink_to_fit();
        csr_edge.clear();csr_edge.shrink_to_fit();
        if constexpr(is_directed){
            inv_start.clear();inv_start.shrink_to_fit();
            inv_edge.clear();inv_edge.shrink_to_fit();
        }
    }
    template<class F>
    void sort(int i,F f){
        assert(0<=i&&i<n);
        build();
        sort(csr_edge.begin()+csr_start[i],csr_edge.begin()+csr_start[i+1],f);
    }
    template<class F>
    void sort_inv(int i,F f){
        assert(0<=i&&i<n);
        if constexpr(!is_directed){
            build();
            sort(csr_edge.begin()+csr_start[i],csr_edge.begin()+csr_start[i+1],f);
            return;
        }
        build_inv();
        sort(inv_edge.begin()+inv_start[i],inv_edge.begin()+inv_start[i+1],f);
    }
    template<class F>
    static_graph<is_directed,T>extract(F f)const{
        static_graph<is_directed,T>res(n);
        for(auto&e:_all_edges)if(f(e))res.add_edge(e);
        return res;
    }
    template<class F>
    static_graph<1,T>reorder(F f)const{
        static_graph<1,T>res(n);
        for(auto&e:_all_edges){
            if(f(e))res.add_edge(e);
            else res.add_edge({e.to,e.from,e.id,e.cost});
        }
        return res;
    }
};
#line 4 "lib/Tree/base.hpp"
struct Tree{
    using Graph=static_graph<0>;
    using edge=Graph::edge;
    mutable Graph g;
    mutable bool built_hld=false;
    int n;
    mutable vc<int>in,out,head,size_,par,depth,ord;
    Tree(int n):n(n),g(n,n-1){}
    void add_edge(int a,int b){
        assert(0<=a&&a<n&&0<=b&&b<n);
        g.add_edge(a,b);
    }
    bool is_to_par(auto&e)const{
        return par[e.from]==e.to;
    }
    int size()const{
        return n;
    }
    auto operator[](int u)const{
        return g[u];
    }
    auto operator[](int u){
        return g[u];
    }
    template<int substract>
    void input(){
        rep(i,n-1){
            INT(a,b);
            a-=substract;
            b-=substract;
            g.add_edge(a,b);
        }
    }
    void build(int root=0)const{
        if(built_hld)return;
        built_hld=1;
        in.resize(n);
        out.resize(n);
        head.resize(n);
        size_.assign(n,1);
        par.resize(n);
        depth.resize(n);
        ord.clear();
        ord.reserve(n);
        par[root]=-1;
        depth[root]=0;
        head[root]=root;
        vc<int>st;
        st.reserve(n);
        st.push_back(root);
        while(!st.empty()){
            int u=st.back();
            st.pop_back();
            ord.push_back(u);
            auto s=g[u];
            rep(i,s.size()){
                int v=s[i].to;
                if(v==par[u])continue;
                par[v]=u;
                depth[v]=depth[u]+1;
                st.push_back(v);
            }
        }
        drep(i,ord.size()){
            int u=ord[i];
            auto s=g[u];
            int heavy=-1,par_id=-1;
            rep(j,s.size()){
                int v=s[j].to;
                if(v==par[u]){
                    par_id=j;
                    continue;
                }
                size_[u]+=size_[v];
                if(heavy==-1||size_[s[heavy].to]<size_[v])heavy=j;
            }
            if(heavy!=-1&&heavy!=0){
                swap(s[heavy],s[0]);
                if(par_id==0)par_id=heavy;
                else if(par_id==heavy)par_id=0;
            }
            if(par_id!=-1&&par_id+1!=s.size()){
                swap(s[par_id],s[s.size()-1]);
            }
        }
        ord.clear();
        fill(all(size_),0);
        int T=0;
        st.push_back(root);
        while(!st.empty()){
            int u=st.back();
            if(size_[u]==0){
                in[u]=T++;
                ord.push_back(u);
            }
            auto s=g[u];
            if(size_[u]==s.size()){
                out[u]=T;
                st.pop_back();
                continue;
            }
            auto&e=s[size_[u]++];
            if(e.to==par[u])continue;
            head[e.to]=(size_[u]==1?head[u]:e.to);
            st.push_back(e.to);
        }
        size_.clear();
        size_.shrink_to_fit();
    }
    auto heavy_edge(int u)const{
        build();
        auto s=g[u];
        int sz=s.size(),ce=(par[u]==-1?sz:sz-1);
        if(ce<=0)return span<const Graph::edge>{s.l,s.l};
        return span<const Graph::edge>{s.l,s.l+1};
    }
    auto light_edges(int u)const{
        build();
        auto s=g[u];
        int sz=s.size(),ce=(par[u]==-1?sz:sz-1);
        if(ce<=1)return span<const Graph::edge>{s.l,s.l};
        return span<const Graph::edge>{s.l+1,s.l+ce};
    }
    int lca(int a,int b)const{
        build();
        auto&h=head;
        auto&d=depth;
        auto&p=par;
        while(1){
            if(h[a]==h[b]){
                if(d[a]<d[b])return a;
                return b;
            }
            if(d[h[a]]<d[h[b]])swap(a,b);
            a=p[h[a]];
        }
    }
    int dist(int a,int b)const{
        build();
        return depth[a]+depth[b]-2*depth[lca(a,b)];
    }
    int jumpup(int a,int k)const{
        build();
        if(k<0||depth[a]<k)return -1;
        auto&I=in;
        auto&H=head;
        auto&P=par;
        auto&O=ord;
        while(k>0){ 
            int x=I[a]-I[H[a]];
            if(x>=k){
                return O[I[a]-k];
            }
            k-=x+1;
            a=P[H[a]];
        }
        return a;
    }
    int jump(int s,int t,int k)const{
        build();
        int L=lca(s,t);
        int D=depth[s]+depth[t]-2*depth[L];
        if(depth[s]-depth[L]>=k){
            return jumpup(s,k);
        }else{
            return jumpup(t,D-k);
        }
    }   
    vc<pair<int,int>>Query(int s,int t)const{
        build();
        auto&h=head;
        auto&d=depth;
        auto&I=in;
        auto&P=par;
        vc<pair<int,int>>rs,rt;
        while(h[s]!=h[t]){
            if(d[h[s]]>d[h[t]]){
                rs.push_back({I[s],I[h[s]]});
                s=P[h[s]];
            }else{
                rt.push_back({I[h[t]],I[t]});
                t=P[h[t]];
            }
        }
        if(d[s]>d[t]){
            rs.push_back({I[s],I[t]});
        }else{
            rt.push_back({I[s],I[t]});
        }
        rs.reserve(rs.size()+rt.size());
        for(auto it=rt.rbegin();it!=rt.rend();++it)rs.push_back(*it);
        return rs;
    }
    pair<int,int>get_diameter()const{
        auto find_farthest=[&](int from)->int{
            vc<int>d(n),p(n,-2),st(1,from);
            p[from]=-1;
            int far=from;
            while(!st.empty()){
                int u=st.back();
                st.pop_back();
                if(d[far]<d[u])far=u;
                for(auto&e:g[u])if(e.to!=p[u]){
                    p[e.to]=u;
                    d[e.to]=d[u]+1;
                    st.push_back(e.to);
                }
            }
            return far;
        };
        int v1=find_farthest(0);
        int v2=find_farthest(v1);
        return {v1,v2};
    }
};
#line 3 "a.cpp"
void solve(){
    INT(n);
    Tree g(n);
    g.input<1>();
    auto dfs=[&](auto&dfs,int u,int v)->int{
        int res=0;
        for(auto&e:g[u]){
            if(e.to==v)continue;
            res+=dfs(dfs,e.to,u);
            res+=e.to<u;
        }
        return res;
    };
    int res=dfs(dfs,0,-1);
    vc<int>ans(n);
    auto dfs2=[&](auto&dfs2,int u,int v,int res)->int{
        ans[u]=res;
        for(auto&e:g[u]){
            if(e.to==v)continue;
            dfs2(dfs2,e.to,u,(u<e.to?res+1:res-1));
        }
        return res;
    };
    dfs2(dfs2,0,-1,res);
    rep(i,n)PRT(ans[i]);
}
signed main(){
    dbg("==============="s);
    #ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
    freopen("output.txt","w",stdout);
    #endif
    cin.tie(0)->sync_with_stdio(0);
    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(20);
    int t=1;
    // cin >> t;
    while(t--)solve();
}