#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define int long long
using namespace std;
int t,m,n,jc[400005],len,ny;
int k[200005],ans[200005];
int s[400005],ss[400005];
const int mod=998244353;
int fastp(int x,int y){
	if(y==0) return 1;
	int z=fastp(x,y/2);
	if(y%2==0) return z*z%mod;
	else return z*z%mod*x%mod;
}
struct node{
	int x,y,id;
} a[200005];
bool cmp(node s1,node s2){
	if(k[s1.x]==k[s2.x]) return s1.y<s2.y;
	else return k[s1.y]<k[s2.y];
}
int c(int x,int y){
	return s[x]*ss[y]%mod*ss[x-y]%mod;
}
signed main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
	cin>>n; len=sqrt(200000);
	s[0]=1,ss[0]=1,jc[0]=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=400000;i++){
		jc[i]=fastp(2,i),s[i]=s[i-1]*i%mod;
		ss[i]=ss[i-1]*fastp(i,mod-2)%mod;
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=200000;i++)
		k[i]=(i-1)/len+1;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		cin>>a[i].x>>a[i].y;
		a[i].x--,a[i].y--,a[i].id=i;
	} 
	sort(a+1,a+1+n,cmp); ny=fastp(2,mod-2);
	for(int i=1,x=1,y=0,an=1;i<=n;i++){
		while(x<a[i].x){
			an=(2*an-c(x,y)+mod)%mod; x++;
		}
		while(x>a[i].x){
			x--; an=(an+c(x,y))%mod*ny%mod;
		}
		while(y<a[i].y){
			y++; an=(an+c(x,y))%mod;
		}
		while(y>a[i].y){
			an=(an-c(x,y)+mod)%mod; y--;
		}
		ans[a[i].id]=an*(jc[a[i].x+1]-1+mod)%mod;
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<ans[i]<<'\n';
	return 0;
}
//c[n-1][m-1]+~+c[n-1][0] * 2^n -1