#line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/template.hpp" using namespace std; #include #line 1 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/inout_old.hpp" namespace noya2 { template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p){ os << p.first << " " << p.second; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p){ is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v){ int s = (int)v.size(); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i]; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v){ for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; } void in() {} template void in(T &t, U &...u){ cin >> t; in(u...); } void out() { cout << "\n"; } template void out(const T &t, const U &...u){ cout << t; if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep; out(u...); } template void out(const vector> &vv){ int s = (int)vv.size(); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) out(vv[i]); } struct IoSetup { IoSetup(){ cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); cerr << fixed << setprecision(7); } } iosetup_noya2; } // namespace noya2 #line 1 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/const.hpp" namespace noya2{ const int iinf = 1'000'000'007; const long long linf = 2'000'000'000'000'000'000LL; const long long mod998 = 998244353; const long long mod107 = 1000000007; const long double pi = 3.14159265358979323; const vector dx = {0,1,0,-1,1,1,-1,-1}; const vector dy = {1,0,-1,0,1,-1,-1,1}; const string ALP = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; const string alp = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; const string NUM = "0123456789"; void yes(){ cout << "Yes\n"; } void no(){ cout << "No\n"; } void YES(){ cout << "YES\n"; } void NO(){ cout << "NO\n"; } void yn(bool t){ t ? yes() : no(); } void YN(bool t){ t ? YES() : NO(); } } // namespace noya2 #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/utils.hpp" #line 6 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/utils.hpp" namespace noya2{ unsigned long long inner_binary_gcd(unsigned long long a, unsigned long long b){ if (a == 0 || b == 0) return a + b; int n = __builtin_ctzll(a); a >>= n; int m = __builtin_ctzll(b); b >>= m; while (a != b) { int mm = __builtin_ctzll(a - b); bool f = a > b; unsigned long long c = f ? a : b; b = f ? b : a; a = (c - b) >> mm; } return a << std::min(n, m); } template T gcd_fast(T a, T b){ return static_cast(inner_binary_gcd(std::abs(a),std::abs(b))); } long long sqrt_fast(long long n) { if (n <= 0) return 0; long long x = sqrt(n); while ((x + 1) * (x + 1) <= n) x++; while (x * x > n) x--; return x; } template T floor_div(const T n, const T d) { assert(d != 0); return n / d - static_cast((n ^ d) < 0 && n % d != 0); } template T ceil_div(const T n, const T d) { assert(d != 0); return n / d + static_cast((n ^ d) >= 0 && n % d != 0); } template void uniq(std::vector &v){ std::sort(v.begin(),v.end()); v.erase(unique(v.begin(),v.end()),v.end()); } template inline bool chmin(T &x, U y) { return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline bool chmax(T &x, U y) { return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline bool range(T l, T x, T r){ return l <= x && x < r; } } // namespace noya2 #line 8 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/template/template.hpp" #define rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++) #define repp(i,m,n) for (int i = (m); i < (int)(n); i++) #define reb(i,n) for (int i = (int)(n-1); i >= 0; i--) #define all(v) (v).begin(),(v).end() using ll = long long; using ld = long double; using uint = unsigned int; using ull = unsigned long long; using pii = pair; using pll = pair; using pil = pair; using pli = pair; namespace noya2{ /* ~ (. _________ . /) */ } using namespace noya2; #line 2 "c.cpp" #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/utility/modint.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/utility/modint.hpp" #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/math/prime.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/math/prime.hpp" namespace noya2 { constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) { x %= m; if (x < 0) x += m; return x; } constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) { if (m == 1) return 0; unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m); unsigned long long r = 1; unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m); while (n) { if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m; y = (y * y) % _m; n >>= 1; } return r; } constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) { if (n <= 1) return false; if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true; if (n % 2 == 0) return false; long long d = n - 1; while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2; constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61}; for (long long a : bases) { long long t = d; long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n); while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) { y = y * y % n; t <<= 1; } if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) { return false; } } return true; } template constexpr bool is_prime_flag = is_prime_constexpr(n); // {gcd(a, b), a^{-1} mod b} constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { long long u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) { if (m == 2) return 1; if (m == 167772161) return 3; if (m == 469762049) return 3; if (m == 754974721) return 11; if (m == 998244353) return 3; int divs[20] = {}; divs[0] = 2; int cnt = 1; int x = (m - 1) / 2; while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2; for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) { if (x % i == 0) { divs[cnt++] = i; while (x % i == 0) { x /= i; } } } if (x > 1) { divs[cnt++] = x; } for (int g = 2;; g++) { bool ok = true; for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) return g; } } template constexpr int primitive_root_flag = primitive_root_constexpr(m); // constexpr long long primitive_root_constexpr(long long m){ // if (m == (1LL << 47) - (1LL << 24) + 1) return 3; // return primitive_root_constexpr(static_cast(m)); // } } // namespace noya2 #line 6 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/utility/modint.hpp" namespace noya2{ struct barrett { unsigned int _m; unsigned long long im; explicit barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {} unsigned int umod() const { return _m; } unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const { unsigned long long z = a; z *= b; unsigned long long x = (unsigned long long)((__uint128_t(z) * im) >> 64); unsigned int v = (unsigned int)(z - x * _m); if (_m <= v) v += _m; return v; } }; template struct static_modint { using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod() { return m; } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } constexpr static_modint() : _v(0) {} template constexpr static_modint(T v){ long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template constexpr static_modint(T v){ _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod()); } constexpr unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } constexpr mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { _v -= rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod(); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { unsigned long long z = _v; z *= rhs._v; _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod()); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } constexpr mint operator+() const { return *this; } constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } constexpr mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } constexpr mint inv() const { if (prime) { assert(_v); return pow(umod() - 2); } else { auto eg = inv_gcd(_v, m); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } } friend constexpr mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend constexpr bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend constexpr bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint& p) { return os << p.val(); } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, mint &a) { long long t; is >> t; a = mint(t); return (is); } private: unsigned int _v; static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; } static constexpr bool prime = is_prime_flag; }; template struct dynamic_modint { using mint = dynamic_modint; public: static int mod() { return (int)(bt.umod()); } static void set_mod(int m) { assert(1 <= m); bt = barrett(m); } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } dynamic_modint() : _v(0) {} template dynamic_modint(T v){ long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template dynamic_modint(T v){ _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod()); } unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { _v += mod() - rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { _v = bt.mul(_v, rhs._v); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { auto eg = noya2::inv_gcd(_v, mod()); assert(eg.first == 1); return eg.second; } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint& p) { return os << p.val(); } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, mint &a) { long long t; is >> t; a = mint(t); return (is); } private: unsigned int _v; static barrett bt; static unsigned int umod() { return bt.umod(); } }; template noya2::barrett dynamic_modint::bt(998244353); using modint998244353 = static_modint<998244353>; using modint1000000007 = static_modint<1000000007>; using modint = dynamic_modint<-1>; template concept Modint = requires (T &a){ T::mod(); a.inv(); a.val(); a.pow(declval()); }; } // namespace noya2 #line 4 "c.cpp" using mint = modint998244353; #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/math/binomial.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/math/binomial.hpp" namespace noya2 { template struct binomial { binomial(int len = 300000){ extend(len); } static mint fact(int n){ if (n < 0) return 0; while (n >= (int)_fact.size()) extend(); return _fact[n]; } static mint ifact(int n){ if (n < 0) return 0; while (n >= (int)_fact.size()) extend(); return _ifact[n]; } static mint inv(int n){ return ifact(n) * fact(n-1); } static mint C(int n, int r){ if (!(0 <= r && r <= n)) return 0; return fact(n) * ifact(r) * ifact(n-r); } static mint P(int n, int r){ if (!(0 <= r && r <= n)) return 0; return fact(n) * ifact(n-r); } static mint catalan(int n){ return C(n * 2, n) * inv(n + 1); } inline mint operator()(int n, int r) { return C(n, r); } template static mint M(const Cnts&... cnts){ return multinomial(0,1,cnts...); } static void initialize(int len = 2){ _fact.clear(); _ifact.clear(); _fact = {1,1}; _ifact = {1,1}; extend(len); } private: static mint multinomial(const int& sum, const mint& div_prod){ if (sum < 0) return 0; return fact(sum) * div_prod; } template static mint multinomial(const int& sum, const mint& div_prod, const int& n1, const Tail&... tail){ if (n1 < 0) return 0; return multinomial(sum+n1,div_prod*ifact(n1),tail...); } static std::vector _fact, _ifact; static void extend(int len = -1){ int siz = _fact.size(); if (siz == 0){ _fact = {1,1}; _ifact = {1,1}; siz = _fact.size(); } if (len == -1) len = siz * 2; len = (int)min(len, mint::mod() - 1); if (len < siz) return ; _fact.resize(len+1), _ifact.resize(len+1); for (int i = siz; i <= len; i++) _fact[i] = _fact[i-1] * i; assert(_fact[len].val() != 0); _ifact[len] = _fact[len].inv(); for (int i = len; i > siz; i--) _ifact[i-1] = _ifact[i] * i; } }; template std::vector noya2::binomial::_fact = {1,1}; template std::vector noya2::binomial::_ifact = {1,1}; } // namespace noya2 #line 6 "c.cpp" binomial bnm; #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/fps998244353.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/fps998244353.hpp" #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/ntt998244353.hpp" #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/modint998244353.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/modint998244353.hpp" #line 6 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/modint998244353.hpp" namespace noya2 { template <> struct static_modint<998244353> { using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod() { return 998244353; } static mint raw(int v) { mint x; x._v = v; return x; } constexpr static_modint() : _v(0) {} template constexpr static_modint(T v){ long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod(); _v = (unsigned int)(x); } template constexpr static_modint(T v){ _v = (unsigned int)(v % umod()); } constexpr unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() { _v++; if (_v == umod()) _v = 0; return *this; } mint& operator--() { if (_v == 0) _v = umod(); _v--; return *this; } mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } constexpr mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { _v += rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod(); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { _v -= rhs._v; if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod(); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { unsigned long long z = _v; z *= rhs._v; _v = (unsigned int)(z % umod()); return *this; } constexpr mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } constexpr mint operator+() const { return *this; } constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } constexpr mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint x = *this, r = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } constexpr mint inv() const { assert(_v); return pow(umod() - 2); } friend constexpr mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend constexpr mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend constexpr bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v == rhs._v; } friend constexpr bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return lhs._v != rhs._v; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint& p) { return os << p.val(); } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, mint &a) { long long t; is >> t; a = mint(t); return (is); } unsigned int _v; static constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr_v = 3; private: static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return 998244353u; } static constexpr bool prime = true; }; } // namespace noya2 #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/ntt998244353.hpp" #line 7 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/ntt998244353.hpp" namespace noya2 { namespace internal { constexpr int FFT_MAX = 23; constexpr unsigned FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 911660635U, 372528824U, 929031873U, 452798380U, 922799308U, 781712469U, 476477967U, 166035806U, 258648936U, 584193783U, 63912897U, 350007156U, 666702199U, 968855178U, 629671588U, 24514907U, 996173970U, 363395222U, 565042129U, 733596141U, 267099868U, 15311432U}; constexpr unsigned INV_FFT_ROOTS[FFT_MAX + 1] = {1U, 998244352U, 86583718U, 509520358U, 337190230U, 87557064U, 609441965U, 135236158U, 304459705U, 685443576U, 381598368U, 335559352U, 129292727U, 358024708U, 814576206U, 708402881U, 283043518U, 3707709U, 121392023U, 704923114U, 950391366U, 428961804U, 382752275U, 469870224U}; constexpr unsigned FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {911660635U, 509520358U, 369330050U, 332049552U, 983190778U, 123842337U, 238493703U, 975955924U, 603855026U, 856644456U, 131300601U, 842657263U, 730768835U, 942482514U, 806263778U, 151565301U, 510815449U, 503497456U, 743006876U, 741047443U, 56250497U, 867605899U}; constexpr unsigned INV_FFT_RATIOS[FFT_MAX] = {86583718U, 372528824U, 373294451U, 645684063U, 112220581U, 692852209U, 155456985U, 797128860U, 90816748U, 860285882U, 927414960U, 354738543U, 109331171U, 293255632U, 535113200U, 308540755U, 121186627U, 608385704U, 438932459U, 359477183U, 824071951U, 103369235U}; } // namespace noya2::internal struct ntt998244353 { using mint = modint998244353; static constexpr unsigned MO = modint998244353::mod(); static constexpr unsigned MO2 = MO * 2; static void ntt(mint *as, int n){ int m = n; if (m >>= 1){ for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){ const unsigned x = as[i + m]._v; as[i + m]._v = as[i]._v + MO - x; as[i]._v += x; } } if (m >>= 1){ mint prod = 1; for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)){ for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; i++){ const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m])._v; as[i + m]._v = as[i]._v + MO - x; as[i]._v += x; } prod *= mint::raw(internal::FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)]); } } for (; m; ){ if (m >>= 1){ mint prod = 1; for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)){ for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; i++){ const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m])._v; as[i + m]._v = as[i]._v + MO - x; as[i]._v += x; } prod *= mint::raw(internal::FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)]); } } if (m >>= 1){ mint prod = 1; for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)){ for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; i++){ const unsigned x = (prod * as[i + m])._v; as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO2 ? as[i]._v - MO2 : as[i]._v); as[i + m]._v = as[i]._v + MO - x; as[i]._v += x; } prod *= mint::raw(internal::FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)]); } } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO2 ? as[i]._v - MO2 : as[i]._v); as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO ? as[i]._v - MO : as[i]._v); } } static void intt(mint *as, int n){ int m = 1; if (m < (n >> 1)){ mint prod = 1; for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)){ for (int i = i0; i < i0 + m; i++){ const unsigned long long y = as[i]._v + MO - as[i + m]._v; as[i]._v += as[i + m]._v; as[i + m]._v = prod._v * y % MO; } prod *= mint::raw(internal::INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)]); } m <<= 1; } for (; m < (n >> 1); m <<= 1){ mint prod = 1; for (int h = 0, i0 = 0; i0 < n; i0 += (m << 1)){ for (int i = i0; i < i0 + (m >> 1); i++){ const unsigned long long y = as[i]._v + MO2 - as[i + m]._v; as[i]._v += as[i + m]._v; as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO2 ? as[i]._v - MO2 : as[i]._v); as[i + m]._v = prod._v * y % MO; } for (int i = i0 + (m >> 1); i < i0 + m; i++){ const unsigned long long y = as[i]._v + MO - as[i + m]._v; as[i]._v += as[i + m]._v; as[i + m]._v = prod._v * y % MO; } prod *= mint::raw(internal::INV_FFT_RATIOS[__builtin_ctz(++h)]); } } if (m < n){ for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){ const unsigned y = as[i]._v + MO2 - as[i + m]._v; as[i]._v += as[i + m]._v; as[i + m]._v = y; } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO2 ? as[i]._v - MO2 : as[i]._v); as[i]._v = (as[i]._v >= MO ? as[i]._v - MO : as[i]._v); } } static void ntt(std::vector &as){ ntt(as.data(), as.size()); } static void intt(std::vector &as){ intt(as.data(), as.size()); } static void intt_div(std::vector &as){ intt(as); int n = as.size(); const mint inv_n = mint::raw(n).inv(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ as[i] *= inv_n; } } static std::vector multiply(std::vector as, std::vector bs){ if (as.empty() || bs.empty()) return {}; const int len = as.size() + bs.size() - 1u; if (std::min(as.size(), bs.size()) <= 40u){ std::vector s(len); for (int i = 0; i < (int)(as.size()); i++){ for (int j = 0; j < (int)(bs.size()); j++){ s[i + j] += as[i] * bs[j]; } } return s; } int n = 1; for (; n < len; n <<= 1) {} if (as.size() == bs.size() && as == bs){ as.resize(n); ntt(as); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ as[i] *= as[i]; } } else { as.resize(n); ntt(as); bs.resize(n); ntt(bs); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ as[i] *= bs[i]; } } intt_div(as); as.resize(len); return as; } static void ntt_doubling(std::vector &as){ auto bs = as; intt(bs); mint e = mint::raw(internal::FFT_ROOTS[std::countr_zero(as.size()) + 1]); mint iv = mint::raw(as.size()).inv(); for (auto &x : bs){ x *= iv; iv *= e; } ntt(bs); as.insert(as.end(), bs.begin(), bs.end()); } static void ntt_pick_parity(std::vector &f, int odd){ int n = f.size() / 2; mint i2 = mint::raw((mint::mod() + 1) >> 1); if (odd == 0){ for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ f[i] = (f[i * 2] + f[i * 2 + 1]) * i2; } f.resize(n); return ; } mint ie = mint::raw(internal::INV_FFT_ROOTS[std::countr_zero(f.size())]); std::vector es = {i2}; while ((int)(es.size()) != n){ std::vector nes(es.size() * 2u); for (int i = 0; i < (int)(es.size()); i++){ nes[i * 2 + 0] = es[i]; nes[i * 2 + 1] = es[i] * ie; } ie *= ie; std::swap(es, nes); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ f[i] = (f[i * 2] - f[i * 2 + 1]) * es[i]; } f.resize(n); } }; } // namespace noya2 #line 7 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/fps998244353.hpp" namespace noya2 { // Formal Power Series for modint998244353 struct fps998244353 : std::vector { using mint = modint998244353; using std::vector::vector; using std::vector::operator=; using fps = fps998244353; static inline binomial bnm; fps998244353 (const std::vector &init){ (*this) = init; } void shrink(){ while(!(this->empty()) && this->back().val() == 0){ this->pop_back(); } } fps &operator*= (const mint &r){ for (auto &x : *this) x *= r; return *this; } fps &operator/= (const mint &r){ (*this) *= r.inv(); return *this; } fps &operator<<= (const int &d){ this->insert(this->begin(), d, mint(0)); return *this; } fps &operator>>= (const int &d){ if ((int)(this->size()) <= d) this->clear(); else this->erase(this->begin(),this->begin() + d); return *this; } fps &operator+= (const fps &r){ if (this->size() < r.size()) this->resize(r.size()); for (int i = 0; auto x : r){ (*this)[i++] += x; } return *this; } fps &operator-= (const fps &r){ if (this->size() < r.size()) this->resize(r.size()); for (int i = 0; auto x : r){ (*this)[i++] -= x; } return *this; } fps &operator*= (const fps &r){ if (this->empty() || r.empty()){ this->clear(); return *this; } (*this) = ntt998244353::multiply(*this, r); return *this; } fps operator* (const mint &r) const { return fps(*this) *= r; } fps operator/ (const mint &r) const { return fps(*this) /= r; } fps operator<< (const int &d) const { return fps(*this) <<= d; } fps operator>> (const int &d) const { return fps(*this) >>= d; } fps operator+ (const fps &r) const { return fps(*this) += r; } fps operator- (const fps &r) const { return fps(*this) -= r; } fps operator* (const fps &r) const { return fps(*this) *= r; } fps operator+ () const { return *this; } fps operator- () const { fps ret(*this); for (auto &x : ret) x = -x; return ret; } mint eval(const mint &x) const { mint res(0), w(1); for (auto a : *this){ res += a * w; w *= x; } return res; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps pre(std::size_t sz) const { fps ret(this->begin(), this->begin() + std::min(this->size(), sz)); if (ret.size() < sz) ret.resize(sz); return ret; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps rev() const { fps ret(*this); std::reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end()); return ret; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps diff() const { if (this->empty()){ return fps(); } fps ret(this->begin() + 1, this->end()); for (int i = 1; auto &x : ret){ x *= i++; } return ret; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps integral() const { if (this->empty()){ return fps(); } fps ret(1, mint(0)); ret.insert(ret.end(), this->begin(), this->end()); for (int i = 0; auto &x : ret){ x *= bnm.inv(i++); // inv(0) = 0 } return ret; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps inv(int d = -1) const { const int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; fps res = {(*this)[0].inv()}; for (int siz = 1; siz < d; siz <<= 1){ fps f(this->begin(),this->begin()+min(n,siz*2)), g(res); f.resize(siz*2), g.resize(siz*2); f.ntt(), g.ntt(); for (int i = 0; i < siz*2; i++) f[i] *= g[i]; f.intt(); f.erase(f.begin(),f.begin()+siz); f.resize(siz*2); f.ntt(); for (int i = 0; i < siz*2; i++) f[i] *= g[i]; f.intt(); mint siz2_inv = mint(siz*2).inv(); siz2_inv *= -siz2_inv; for (int i = 0; i < siz; i++) f[i] *= siz2_inv; res.insert(res.end(),f.begin(),f.begin()+siz); } res.resize(d); return res; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps log(int d = -1) const { assert(this->empty() == false && (*this)[0].val() == 1u); if (d == -1) d = this->size(); return (this->diff() * this->inv(d)).pre(d - 1).integral(); } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps exp(int d = -1) const { const int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; assert(n == 0 || (*this)[0].val() == 0u); if (n <= 1){ fps ret(1,1); ret.resize(d); return ret; } // n >= 2 fps f = {mint(1), (*this)[1]}, ret = f; for (int sz = 2; sz < d; sz <<= 1){ f.insert(f.end(), this->begin()+std::min(n,sz), this->begin()+std::min(n,sz*2)); f.resize(sz*2); ret *= f - ret.log(sz*2); ret.resize(sz*2); } ret.resize(d); return ret; } [[nodiscard("Do not change but return changed object.")]] fps pow(long long k, int d = -1) const { const int n = this->size(); if (d == -1) d = n; if (k == 0){ fps ret(d, mint(0)); if (d >= 1) ret[0] = 1; return ret; } // Find left-most nonzero term. for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ if ((*this)[i].val() != 0u){ mint iv = (*this)[i].inv(); fps ret = ((((*this) * iv) >> i).log(d) * mint(k)).exp(d); ret *= (*this)[i].pow(k); ret = (ret << (i * k)).pre(d); return ret; } if ((i + 1) * k >= d) break; } return fps(d, mint(0)); } void ntt(){ ntt998244353::ntt(*this); } // NOT /= len void intt(){ ntt998244353::intt(*this); } // already /= len void intt_div(){ ntt998244353::intt_div(*this); } // input : ntt( f[0, 2^n) ) // output : ntt( f[0, 2^n) ++ zero_padding[0, 2^n) ) void ntt_doubling(){ ntt998244353::ntt_doubling(*this); } // input : ntt( f[0, 2^n) ) // output : ntt( g[0, 2^{n-1}) ), g[i] = f[i * 2 + odd] void ntt_pick_parity(int odd){ ntt998244353::ntt_pick_parity(*this, odd); } fps quotient(fps r) const { r.shrink(); const int n = this->size(), m = r.size(); if (n < m){ return fps(); } fps quo(*this); const int sz = n - m + 1; std::reverse(quo.begin(), quo.end()); std::reverse(r.begin(), r.end()); quo.resize(sz); quo *= r.inv(sz); quo.resize(sz); std::reverse(quo.begin(), quo.end()); return quo; } fps remainder(fps r) const { r.shrink(); const int n = this->size(), m = r.size(); if (n < m){ return fps(*this); } fps rem(*this); rem -= quotient(r) * r; rem.resize(m-1); rem.shrink(); return rem; } std::pair remquo(fps r) const { r.shrink(); fps quo = quotient(r); fps rem(*this); rem -= quo * r; rem.shrink(); return {rem, quo}; } }; } // namespace noya2 #line 8 "c.cpp" using fps = fps998244353; #line 2 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/multipoint_evaluation.hpp" #line 4 "/Users/noya2/Desktop/Noya2_library/fps998244353/multipoint_evaluation.hpp" namespace noya2 { std::vector multipoint_evaluation(fps998244353 f, const std::vector &xs){ const int n = xs.size(); int sz = 1; while(sz < n) sz <<= 1; std::vector g(sz+sz,{1}); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) g[i+sz] = {-xs[i],1}; for(int i = sz; i-->1;) g[i] = g[i<<1] * g[i<<1|1]; g[1] = f.remainder(g[1]); for(int i = 2; i < sz+n; i++) g[i] = g[i>>1].remainder(g[i]); std::vector res(n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i] = (g[i+sz].empty() ? modint998244353() : g[i+sz][0]); return res; } std::vector multipoint_evaluation_geo(const fps998244353 &f, modint998244353 a, modint998244353 r, int m){ using mint = modint998244353; int n = f.size(); if (r.val() == 0){ std::vector ans(m); repp(i,1,m) ans[i] = f[0]; ans[0] = f.eval(a); return ans; } fps998244353 p(n); mint aprd = 1; mint ir = r.inv(); mint irpp = 1, irp = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ p[n-1-i] = aprd * f[i] * irpp; irpp *= irp; irp *= ir; aprd *= a; } fps998244353 q(n+m-1); mint rpp = 1, rp = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n+m-1; i++){ q[i] = rpp; rpp *= rp; rp *= r; } p *= q; std::vector ans(m); irpp = 1, irp = 1; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){ ans[i] = p[n-1+i] * irpp; irpp *= irp; irp *= ir; } return ans; } } // namespace noya2 #line 10 "c.cpp" // [x^n](1/(1-x))^k mint h(int n, int k){ if (k == 0){ return int(n == 0); } return bnm(n+k-1,k-1); } // [x^n](exp(x))^k mint h2(int n, int k){ // return fps{0,k}.exp(n+1)[n]; return mint(k).pow(n) * bnm.ifact(n); } void jikken1(){ int n; in(n); mint ans = 0; repp(k,1,n+1) rep(p,n+1){ mint sum = 0; rep(i,k+1){ sum += bnm(k,i) * h2(p,i) * (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * h2(n-p,n-i); } ans += sum * mint(n-p).pow(n); } ans *= bnm.fact(n); out(ans); } void jikken2(){ int n; in(n); mint ans = 0; rep(p,n+1) rep(i,n+1){ ans += mint(n-p).pow(n) * (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * h2(p,i) * h2(n-p,n-i) * bnm(n+1,i+1); } ans *= bnm.fact(n); ans -= mint(n).pow(n*2); out(ans); } namespace Forested { #ifndef LOCAL #define FAST_IO #endif #define INT128 // ============ #line 59 "c.cpp" #define OVERRIDE(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define REP2(i, n) for (i32 i = 0; i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP3(i, m, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(m); i < (i32)(n); ++i) #define REP(...) OVERRIDE(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2)(__VA_ARGS__) #define PER2(i, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(n)-1; i >= 0; --i) #define PER3(i, m, n) for (i32 i = (i32)(n)-1; i >= (i32)(m); --i) #define PER(...) OVERRIDE(__VA_ARGS__, PER3, PER2)(__VA_ARGS__) #define ALL(x) begin(x), end(x) #define LEN(x) (i32)(x.size()) using namespace std; using u32 = unsigned int; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i32 = signed int; using i64 = signed long long; using f64 = double; using f80 = long double; using pi = pair; using pl = pair; template using V = vector; template using VV = V>; template using VVV = V>>; template using VVVV = V>>>; template using PQR = priority_queue, greater>; template bool chmin(T &x, const T &y) { if (x > y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } template bool chmax(T &x, const T &y) { if (x < y) { x = y; return true; } return false; } template i32 lob(const V &arr, const T &v) { return (i32)(lower_bound(ALL(arr), v) - arr.begin()); } template i32 upb(const V &arr, const T &v) { return (i32)(upper_bound(ALL(arr), v) - arr.begin()); } template V argsort(const V &arr) { V ret(arr.size()); iota(ALL(ret), 0); sort(ALL(ret), [&](i32 i, i32 j) -> bool { if (arr[i] == arr[j]) { return i < j; } else { return arr[i] < arr[j]; } }); return ret; } #ifdef INT128 using u128 = __uint128_t; using i128 = __int128_t; #endif [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i32 INF = 1000000100; [[maybe_unused]] constexpr i64 INF64 = 3000000000000000100; struct SetUpIO { SetUpIO() { #ifdef FAST_IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); #endif cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } set_up_io; void scan(char &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(u32 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(u64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(i32 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(i64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(f64 &x) { cin >> x; } void scan(string &x) { cin >> x; } template void scan(V &x) { for (T &ele : x) { scan(ele); } } void read() {} template void read(Head &head, Tail &...tail) { scan(head); read(tail...); } #define CHAR(...) \ char __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define U32(...) \ u32 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define U64(...) \ u64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define I32(...) \ i32 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define I64(...) \ i64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define F64(...) \ f64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define STR(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__); #define VEC(type, name, size) \ V name(size); \ read(name); #define VVEC(type, name, size1, size2) \ VV name(size1, V(size2)); \ read(name); // ============ #ifdef DEBUGF #else #define DBG(...) (void)0 #endif // ============ #line 194 "c.cpp" // ============ #line 197 "c.cpp" // ============ #line 201 "c.cpp" #include // ============ #line 205 "c.cpp" constexpr bool is_prime(unsigned n) { if (n == 0 || n == 1) { return false; } for (unsigned i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) { if (n % i == 0) { return false; } } return true; } constexpr unsigned mod_pow(unsigned x, unsigned y, unsigned mod) { unsigned ret = 1, self = x; while (y != 0) { if (y & 1) { ret = (unsigned)((unsigned long long)ret * self % mod); } self = (unsigned)((unsigned long long)self * self % mod); y /= 2; } return ret; } template constexpr unsigned primitive_root() { static_assert(is_prime(mod), "`mod` must be a prime number."); if (mod == 2) { return 1; } unsigned primes[32] = {}; int it = 0; { unsigned m = mod - 1; for (unsigned i = 2; i * i <= m; ++i) { if (m % i == 0) { primes[it++] = i; while (m % i == 0) { m /= i; } } } if (m != 1) { primes[it++] = m; } } for (unsigned i = 2; i < mod; ++i) { bool ok = true; for (int j = 0; j < it; ++j) { if (mod_pow(i, (mod - 1) / primes[j], mod) == 1) { ok = false; break; } } if (ok) return i; } return 0; } // y >= 1 template constexpr T safe_mod(T x, T y) { x %= y; if (x < 0) { x += y; } return x; } // y != 0 template constexpr T floor_div(T x, T y) { if (y < 0) { x *= -1; y *= -1; } if (x >= 0) { return x / y; } else { return -((-x + y - 1) / y); } } // y != 0 template constexpr T ceil_div(T x, T y) { if (y < 0) { x *= -1; y *= -1; } if (x >= 0) { return (x + y - 1) / y; } else { return -(-x / y); } } // b >= 1 // returns (g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), a * x = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b / g // from ACL template std::pair extgcd(T a, T b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); T s = b, t = a, m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { T u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; std::swap(s, t); std::swap(m0, m1); } if (m0 < 0) { m0 += b / s; } return std::pair(s, m0); } // b >= 1 // returns (g, x, y) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), a * x + b * y = g, 0 <= x < b / g, |y| < max(2, |a| / g) template std::tuple extgcd2(T a, T b) { T _a = safe_mod(a, b); T quot = (a - _a) / b; T x00 = 0, x01 = 1, y0 = b; T x10 = 1, x11 = -quot, y1 = _a; while (y1) { T u = y0 / y1; x00 -= u * x10; x01 -= u * x11; y0 -= u * y1; std::swap(x00, x10); std::swap(x01, x11); std::swap(y0, y1); } if (x00 < 0) { x00 += b / y0; x01 -= a / y0; } return std::tuple(y0, x00, x01); } // gcd(x, m) == 1 template T inv_mod(T x, T m) { return extgcd(x, m).second; } // ============ template struct ModInt { static_assert(mod != 0, "`mod` must not be equal to 0."); static_assert(mod < (1u << 31), "`mod` must be less than (1u << 31) = 2147483648."); unsigned val; static constexpr unsigned get_mod() { return mod; } constexpr ModInt() : val(0) {} template > * = nullptr> constexpr ModInt(T x) : val((unsigned)((long long)x % (long long)mod + (x < 0 ? mod : 0))) {} template > * = nullptr> constexpr ModInt(T x) : val((unsigned)(x % mod)) {} static constexpr ModInt raw(unsigned x) { ModInt ret; ret.val = x; return ret; } constexpr unsigned get_val() const { return val; } constexpr ModInt operator+() const { return *this; } constexpr ModInt operator-() const { return ModInt(0u) - *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &rhs) { val += rhs.val; if (val >= mod) val -= mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &rhs) { val -= rhs.val; if (val >= mod) val += mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &rhs) { val = (unsigned long long)val * rhs.val % mod; return *this; } constexpr ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &rhs) { val = (unsigned long long)val * rhs.inv().val % mod; return *this; } friend constexpr ModInt operator+(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) += rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator-(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) -= rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator*(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) *= rhs; } friend constexpr ModInt operator/(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return ModInt(lhs) /= rhs; } constexpr ModInt pow(unsigned long long x) const { ModInt ret = ModInt::raw(1); ModInt self = *this; while (x != 0) { if (x & 1) ret *= self; self *= self; x >>= 1; } return ret; } constexpr ModInt inv() const { static_assert(is_prime(mod), "`mod` must be a prime number."); assert(val != 0); return this->pow(mod - 2); } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, ModInt &x) { long long val; is >> val; x.val = val % mod + (val < 0 ? mod : 0); return is; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &x) { os << x.val; return os; } friend bool operator==(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; } friend bool operator!=(const ModInt &lhs, const ModInt &rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; } }; template void debug(ModInt x) { std::cerr << x.val; } // ============ constexpr int ctz_constexpr(unsigned n) { int x = 0; while (!(n & (1u << x))) { ++x; } return x; } template struct FFTRoot { static constexpr unsigned R = ctz_constexpr(MOD - 1); std::array, R + 1> root, iroot; std::array, R> rate2, irate2; std::array, R - 1> rate3, irate3; std::array, R + 1> inv2; constexpr FFTRoot() : root{}, iroot{}, rate2{}, irate2{}, rate3{}, irate3{}, inv2{} { unsigned pr = primitive_root(); root[R] = ModInt(pr).pow(MOD >> R); iroot[R] = root[R].inv(); for (int i = R - 1; i >= 0; --i) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } ModInt prod(1), iprod(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R - 1; ++i) { rate2[i] = prod * root[i + 2]; irate2[i] = iprod * iroot[i + 2]; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = ModInt(1); iprod = ModInt(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R - 2; ++i) { rate3[i] = prod * root[i + 3]; irate3[i] = iprod * iroot[i + 3]; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } ModInt i2 = ModInt(2).inv(); inv2[0] = ModInt(1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)R; ++i) { inv2[i + 1] = inv2[i] * i2; } } }; template void fft(M *a, int n) { using ull = unsigned long long; static_assert(M::get_mod() < (1u << 30)); static constexpr FFTRoot fftroot; static constexpr ull CEIL = 2ULL * M::get_mod() * M::get_mod(); int l = __builtin_ctz(n); int ph = 0; while (ph < l) { if (ph + 1 == l) { int b = 1 << ph; M z = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < b; ++i) { int offset = i << 1; M x = a[offset]; M y = a[offset + 1] * z; a[offset] = x + y; a[offset + 1] = x - y; z *= fftroot.rate2[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } ++ph; } else { int bl = 1 << ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 2 - ph); M zeta = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < bl; ++i) { int offset = i << (l - ph); M zeta2 = zeta * zeta; M zeta3 = zeta2 * zeta; for (int j = 0; j < wd; ++j) { ull w = a[offset + j].val; ull x = (ull)a[offset + j + wd].val * zeta.val; ull y = (ull)a[offset + j + 2 * wd].val * zeta2.val; ull z = (ull)a[offset + j + 3 * wd].val * zeta3.val; ull ix_m_iz = (CEIL + x - z) % M::get_mod() * fftroot.root[2].val; a[offset + j] = M(w + x + y + z); a[offset + j + wd] = M(CEIL + w - x + y - z); a[offset + j + 2 * wd] = M(CEIL + w - y + ix_m_iz); a[offset + j + 3 * wd] = M(CEIL + w - y - ix_m_iz); } zeta *= fftroot.rate3[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } ph += 2; } } } template void ifft(M *a, int n) { using ull = unsigned long long; static_assert(M::get_mod() < (1u << 30)); static constexpr FFTRoot fftroot; int l = __builtin_ctz(n); int ph = l; while (ph > 0) { if (ph == 1) { --ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 1); for (int i = 0; i < wd; ++i) { M x = a[i]; M y = a[i + wd]; a[i] = x + y; a[i + wd] = x - y; } } else { ph -= 2; int bl = 1 << ph; int wd = 1 << (l - 2 - ph); M zeta = M::raw(1); for (int i = 0; i < bl; ++i) { int offset = i << (l - ph); M zeta2 = zeta * zeta; M zeta3 = zeta2 * zeta; for (int j = 0; j < wd; ++j) { unsigned w = a[offset + j].val; unsigned x = a[offset + j + wd].val; unsigned y = a[offset + j + 2 * wd].val; unsigned z = a[offset + j + 3 * wd].val; unsigned iy_m_iz = (ull)(M::get_mod() + y - z) * fftroot.root[2].val % M::get_mod(); a[offset + j] = M(w + x + y + z); a[offset + j + wd] = M((ull)zeta.val * (2 * M::get_mod() + w - x - iy_m_iz)); a[offset + j + 2 * wd] = M((ull)zeta2.val * (2 * M::get_mod() + w + x - y - z)); a[offset + j + 3 * wd] = M((ull)zeta3.val * (M::get_mod() + w - x + iy_m_iz)); } zeta *= fftroot.irate3[__builtin_ctz(~i)]; } } } for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= fftroot.inv2[l]; } } template void fft(std::vector &a) { fft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template void ifft(std::vector &a) { ifft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template std::vector convolve_naive(const std::vector &a, const std::vector &b) { int n = (int)a.size(); int m = (int)b.size(); std::vector c(n + m - 1); if (n < m) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { c[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } } else { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { c[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } } return c; } template std::vector convolve_fft(std::vector a, std::vector b) { int n = (int)a.size() + (int)b.size() - 1; int m = 1; while (m < n) { m <<= 1; } bool shr = false; M last; if (n >= 3 && n == m / 2 + 1) { shr = true; last = a.back() * b.back(); m /= 2; while ((int)a.size() > m) { a[(int)a.size() - 1 - m] += a.back(); a.pop_back(); } while ((int)b.size() > m) { b[(int)b.size() - 1 - m] += b.back(); b.pop_back(); } } a.resize(m); b.resize(m); fft(a); fft(b); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { a[i] *= b[i]; } ifft(a); a.resize(n); if (shr) { a[0] -= last; a[n - 1] = last; } return a; } template std::vector convolve(const std::vector &a, const std::vector &b) { if (a.empty() || b.empty()) { return std::vector(0); } if (std::min(a.size(), b.size()) <= 60) { return convolve_naive(a, b); } else { return convolve_fft(a, b); } } template std::vector convolve_square_fft(std::vector a) { int n = (int)2 * a.size() - 1; int m = 1; while (m < n) { m <<= 1; } bool shr = false; M last; if (n >= 3 && n == m / 2 + 1) { shr = true; last = a.back() * a.back(); m /= 2; while ((int)a.size() > m) { a[(int)a.size() - 1 - m] += a.back(); a.pop_back(); } } a.resize(m); fft(a); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { a[i] *= a[i]; } ifft(a); a.resize(n); if (shr) { a[0] -= last; a[n - 1] = last; } return a; } template std::vector convolve_square(const std::vector &a) { if (a.empty()) { return std::vector(0); } if ((int)a.size() <= 60) { return convolve_naive(a, a); } else { return convolve_square_fft(a); } } template void transposed_fft(M *a, int n) { ifft(a, n); std::reverse(a + 1, a + n); M c(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= c; } } template void transposed_fft(std::vector &a) { transposed_fft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } template void transposed_ifft(M *a, int n) { static constexpr FFTRoot roots; std::reverse(a + 1, a + n); fft(a, n); M c = roots.inv2[__builtin_ctz(n)]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { a[i] *= c; } } template void transposed_ifft(std::vector &a) { transposed_ifft(a.data(), (int)a.size()); } // ============ // 10 FFT(n) template std::vector fps_inv(const std::vector &f, int len = -1) { if (len == -1) { len = (int)f.size(); } assert(!f.empty() && f[0] != T(0) && len >= 0); std::vector g(1, T(1) / f[0]); while ((int)g.size() < len) { int n = (int)g.size(); std::vector fft_f(2 * n), fft_g(2 * n); std::copy(f.begin(), f.begin() + std::min(2 * n, (int)f.size()), fft_f.begin()); std::copy(g.begin(), g.end(), fft_g.begin()); fft(fft_f); fft(fft_g); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { fft_f[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(fft_f); std::fill(fft_f.begin(), fft_f.begin() + n, T(0)); fft(fft_f); for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) { fft_f[i] *= fft_g[i]; } ifft(fft_f); g.resize(2 * n); for (int i = n; i < 2 * n; ++i) { g[i] = -fft_f[i]; } } g.resize(len); return g; } // ============ // ============ #line 790 "c.cpp" // ============ // ============ // a.size() <= b.size() template std::vector middle_product(std::vector a, std::vector b) { int n = (int)a.size(); int m = (int)b.size(); assert(n <= m); std::reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); int l = 1; while (l < m) { l *= 2; } a.resize(l, M()); b.resize(l, M()); fft(a); fft(b); for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) { b[i] *= a[i]; } ifft(b); return std::vector(b.begin() + (n - 1), b.begin() + m); } // ============ i32 ceil_log2(i32 n) { i32 k = 0; while ((1 << k) < n) { ++k; } return k; } using M = ModInt<998244353>; V sum_inv(const V &a, const V &b, i32 m) { static constexpr FFTRoot root{}; assert(LEN(a) == LEN(b)); const i32 old = LEN(a); const i32 lg = ceil_log2(LEN(a)); const i32 n = 1 << lg; const i32 n2 = n * 2; V c(n2), d(n2); REP(i, old) { c[2 * i] = c[2 * i + 1] = a[i]; d[2 * i] = M(1) - b[i]; d[2 * i + 1] = M(1) + b[i]; } fill(begin(d) + 2 * old, end(d), M(1)); REP(ph, lg) { const i32 w = 1 << (ph + 1), w2 = w * 2; M omega = root.root[ph + 2]; for (i32 i = 0; i < n2; i += w2) { const i32 ti = i + w; REP(j, w) { c[ti + j] = c[i + j] = c[i + j] * d[ti + j] + c[ti + j] * d[i + j]; d[ti + j] = d[i + j] *= d[ti + j]; } ifft(c.data() + ti, w); ifft(d.data() + ti, w); d[ti] = M(2) - d[ti]; M pw(1); REP(j, w) { c[ti + j] *= pw; d[ti + j] *= pw; pw *= omega; } fft(c.data() + ti, w); fft(d.data() + ti, w); } } ifft(c); ifft(d); c.resize(m); d = fps_inv(d, m); V ans = convolve(c, d); ans.resize(m); return ans; } V multieval(V f, const V &p) { static constexpr FFTRoot root{}; const i32 m = LEN(f); const i32 _n = LEN(p); const i32 lg = ceil_log2(_n); const i32 n = 1 << lg; const i32 n2 = n * 2; VV tree(lg + 1, V(n2)); REP(i, _n) { tree[0][2 * i] = M(1) - p[i]; tree[0][2 * i + 1] = M(1) + p[i]; } fill(begin(tree[0]) + 2 * _n, end(tree[0]), M(1)); REP(ph, lg) { const i32 w = 1 << (ph + 1), w2 = w * 2; M omega = root.root[ph + 2]; V &d = tree[ph + 1]; d = tree[ph]; for (i32 i = 0; i < n2; i += w2) { const i32 ti = i + w; REP(j, w) { d[ti + j] = d[i + j] *= d[ti + j]; } ifft(d.data() + ti, w); d[ti] = M(2) - d[ti]; M pw(1); REP(j, w) { d[ti + j] *= pw; pw *= omega; } fft(d.data() + ti, w); } } ifft(tree[lg]); tree[lg] = fps_inv(tree[lg], m); f.resize(2 * m - 1); V c = middle_product(tree[lg], f); c.resize(n2); transposed_ifft(c); PER(ph, lg) { const i32 w = 1 << (ph + 1), w2 = w * 2; M omega = root.root[ph + 2]; for (i32 i = 0; i < n2; i += w2) { const i32 ti = i + w; transposed_fft(c.data() + ti, w); M pw(1); REP(j, w) { c[ti + j] *= pw; pw *= omega; } transposed_ifft(c.data() + ti, w); REP(j, w) { M t = c[i + j] + c[ti + j]; c[i + j] = t * tree[ph][ti + j]; c[ti + j] = t * tree[ph][i + j]; } } } V ans(_n); REP(i, _n) { ans[i] = c[2 * i] + c[2 * i + 1]; } return ans; } } // namespace Forested vector multi(fps f, vector xs){ int n = f.size(), m = xs.size(); Forested::V a(n), b(m); rep(i,n){ a[i] = f[i].val(); } rep(j,m){ b[j] = xs[j].val(); } auto ans = Forested::multieval(a, b); vector ret(m); rep(j,m){ ret[j] = ans[j].get_val(); } return ret; } void solve(){ // jikken1(); // jikken2(); int n; in(n); // assert(n <= 100000); // aaaaaaaaa fps f(n+1); rep(p,n+1){ f[n-p] = mint(n-p).pow(n) * bnm.ifact(p) * bnm.ifact(n-p); } vector xs(n); rep(i,n){ xs[i] = n * bnm.inv(i+1) - 1; } // auto ys = multipoint_evaluation(f, xs); auto ys = multi(f, xs); mint ans = 0; // i = 0 rep(p,n+1){ int i = 0; ans += mint(n-p).pow(n) * (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * h2(p,i) * h2(n-p,n-i) * bnm(n+1,i+1); } // i = n // rep(p,n+1){ // int i = n; // ans += mint(n-p).pow(n) * (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * h2(p,i) * h2(n-p,n-i) * bnm(n+1,i+1); // } repp(i,1,n+1){ ans += (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1) * bnm(n+1,i+1) * mint(i).pow(n) * ys[i-1]; } ans *= bnm.fact(n); ans -= mint(n).pow(n*2); out(ans); } int main(){ int t = 1; //in(t); while (t--) { solve(); } }