#ifndef INCLUDE_MODE #define INCLUDE_MODE // #define REACTIVE // #define USE_GETLINE /* #define SUBMIT_ONLY */ #define DEBUG_OUTPUT // #define SAMPLE_CHECK dummy #endif #ifdef INCLUDE_MAIN VO Solve() { CIN( int , N , P ); if( N <= 3 ){ RETURN( N == 1 ? 1 : N == 2 ? 3 % P : 18 % P ); } MP::SetModulo( P , true ); FPS f( N + 1 ); FOREQ( i , 1 , N ){ f[i] = i == P ? MP{} : ( MP{ i } ^ ( i - 2 ) ) / MP::Factorial( i ); } FPS g( N + 1 ); FOREQ( i , 1 , N ){ g[i] = f[i] * i; } FPS fg = Composite( f , g ); RETURN( fg[N] * MP::Factorial( N ) ); } REPEAT_MAIN(1); #else /* INCLUDE_MAIN */ #ifdef INCLUDE_SUB /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO Experiment() { } /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO SmallTest() { } /* 圧縮時は中身だけ削除する。*/ IN VO RandomTest( const int& test_case_num ) { } #define INCLUDE_MAIN #include __FILE__ #else /* INCLUDE_SUB */ #ifdef INCLUDE_LIBRARY /* VVV 常設でないライブラリは以下に挿入する。*/ #define PO Polynomial #define FPS FormalPowerSeries #ifdef DEBUG #include "c:/Users/user/Documents/Programming/Mathematics/Polynomial/NonFFT/FPS/a_Body.hpp" #else // PO #define DC_OF_AR_FOR_PO(FUNC)IN PO OP FUNC(PO f)CO;IN PO OP FUNC(T t)CO #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_PO(FUNC,DEF)TE IN PO PO::OP FUNC(PO f)CO{RE MO(DEF);};TE IN PO PO::OP FUNC(T t)CO{RE *TH FUNC PO(MO(t));} TE CL PO{PU:VE m_f;int m_SZ;IN PO();IN PO(CO PO& f);IN PO(PO&& f);IN PO(VE f);IN PO(T t);IN PO(CRI i,T t);IN PO& OP=(T n);IN PO& OP=(PO f);IN PO& OP=(VE f);IN CO T& OP[](CRI i)CO;IN T& OP[](CRI i);T OP()(CO T& t)CO;PO& OP+=(CO PO& f);PO& OP-=(CO PO& f);PO& OP*=(PO f);IN PO& OP/=(CO PO& f);PO& OP/=(CO T& t);PO& OP%=(CO PO& f);PO& OP%=(CO T& t);bool OP==(CO PO& f)CO;bool OP==(CO T& t)CO;TE IN bool OP!=(CO P& f)CO;DC_OF_AR_FOR_PO(+);IN PO OP-()CO;DC_OF_AR_FOR_PO(-);DC_OF_AR_FOR_PO(*);IN PO OP/(CO PO& f)CO;IN PO OP/(CO T& t)CO;IN PO OP%(CO PO& f)CO;IN PO OP%(CO T& t)CO;IN CO VE& GetCoefficient()CO NE;IN CRI SZ()CO NE;IN VO resize(CRI deg_plus)NE;int Valuation()CO NE;IN VO swap(PO& f);IN VO swap(VE& f);VO Reduce();VO TP(CRI N_trunc);ST PO NaiveCN(PO f0,CRI valuation0,CO PO& f1,CRI valuation1,CRI N_trunc);ST PO NaiveQuotient(PO f0,CO PO& f1);ST PO NaiveResidue(PO f0,CO PO& f1);ST IN CO PO& zero();ST IN CO PO& one();ST IN CO PO& x();ST IN CO T& c_zero();ST IN CO T& c_one();ST IN CO T& c_minus_one();IN PO& SignInvert();}; // FPS TE CL FPS:PU PO{PU:int m_N;IN FPS(CRI N = 0);IN FPS(CO FPS& f);IN FPS(FPS&& f);IN FPS(CRI N,T t);IN FPS(CRI N,CO PO& f);IN FPS(CRI N,PO&& f);IN FPS(CRI N,VE&& f);IN FPS(CRI N,CRI i,T t);IN FPS& OP=(FPS f);IN FPS& OP=(T n);IN FPS& OP=(PO f);IN FPS& OP+=(CO T& t);FPS& OP+=(CO PO& f);IN FPS& OP+=(CO FPS& f);IN FPS& OP-=(CO T& t);FPS& OP-=(CO PO& f);IN FPS& OP-=(CO FPS& f);IN FPS& OP*=(CO T& t);FPS& OP*=(PO f);IN FPS& OP*=(FPS f);IN FPS& OP/=(CO T& t);IN FPS& OP/=(CO FPS& t);TE IN FPS OP+(CO P& f)CO;IN FPS OP-()CO;TE IN FPS OP-(CO P& f)CO;TE IN FPS OP*(CO P& f)CO;TE IN FPS OP/(CO P& f)CO;FPS Inverse()CO;IN VO SetTruncation(CRI N)NE;IN CRI GetTruncation()CO NE;IN FPS& TruncateInitial(CRI N)NE;IN FPS& TruncateFinal(CRI N)NE;}; TE US FPS = FPS; // FPS TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N):PO(),m_N(N){}TE IN FPS::FPS(CO FPS& f):PO(f),m_N(f.m_N){}TE IN FPS::FPS(FPS&& f):PO(MO(f.m_f)),m_N(f.m_N){}TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N,T t):PO(MO(t)),m_N(N){AS(m_N > 0);}TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N,CO PO& f):PO(),m_N(N){AS(m_N > 0);TH->m_SZ = f.m_SZ < m_N?f.m_SZ:m_N;TH->m_f = VE(TH->m_SZ);for(int i = 0;i < TH->m_SZ;i++){TH->m_f[i]= f.m_f[i];}}TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N,PO&& f):PO(),m_N(N){if(f.m_SZ < m_N * 2){PO::OP=(MO(f));if(f.m_SZ > m_N){TruncateFinal(m_N);}}else{TH->m_f = VE(m_N);for(int i = 0;i < m_N;i++){TH->m_f[i]= MO(f.m_f[i]);}TH->m_SZ = m_N;}}TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N,VE&& f):PO(),m_N(N){AS(m_N > 0);CO int f_SZ = f.SZ();if(f_SZ < m_N * 2){PO::OP=(MO(f));if(f_SZ > m_N){TruncateFinal(m_N);}}else{TH->m_f = VE(m_N);for(int i = 0;i < m_N;i++){TH->m_f[i]= MO(f[i]);}}}TE IN FPS::FPS(CRI N,CRI i,T t):PO(),m_N(N){AS(m_N > 0);if(i < m_N?t != TH->c_zero():false){(*TH)[i]= MO(t);}}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP=(FPS f){PO::OP=(MO(f.m_f));m_N = f.m_N;RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP=(T n){PO::OP=(MO(n));RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP=(PO f){RE OP=(FPS(m_N,MO(f)));}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP+=(CO T& t){PO::OP+=(t);RE *TH;}TE FPS& FPS::OP+=(CO PO& f){CRI SZ_f = m_N < f.m_SZ?m_N:f.m_SZ;CRI SZ = TH->m_SZ < SZ_f?TH->m_SZ:SZ_f;for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){TH->m_f[i]+= f.m_f[i];}for(int i = SZ;i < SZ_f;i++){TH->m_f.push_back(f.m_f[i]);}TH->m_SZ = TH->m_f.SZ();RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP+=(CO FPS& f){AS(m_N <= f.m_N);CO PO& f_ref = f;RE OP+=(f_ref);}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP-=(CO T& t){PO::OP-=(t);RE *TH;}TE FPS& FPS::OP-=(CO PO& f){CRI SZ_f = m_N < f.m_SZ?m_N:f.m_SZ;CRI SZ = TH->m_SZ < SZ_f?TH->m_SZ:SZ_f;for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){TH->m_f[i]-= f.m_f[i];}for(int i = SZ;i < SZ_f;i++){TH->m_f.push_back(-f.m_f[i]);}TH->m_SZ = TH->m_f.SZ();RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP-=(CO FPS& f){AS(m_N <= f.m_N);CO PO& f_ref = f;RE OP-=(f_ref);}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP*=(CO T& t){PO::OP*=(t);RE *TH;}TE FPS& FPS::OP*=(PO f){CO int SZ_f = f.SZ();for(int i = TH->m_N - 1;i >= 0;i--){CO T c =(*TH)[i];(*TH)[i]*= f[0];for(int j = min(SZ_f,TH->m_N - i)- 1;j > 0;j--){(*TH)[i+j]+= c * f[j];}}RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP*=(FPS f){AS(m_N <= f.m_N);RE OP*=(forward>(f));}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP/=(CO T& t){PO::OP/=(t);RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::OP/=(CO FPS& f){AS(m_N <= f.m_N);RE OP*=(m_N == f.m_N?f.Inverse():FPS(m_N,f).Inverse());}TE TE IN FPS FPS::OP+(CO P& f)CO{RE MO(FPS(*TH)+= f);}TE IN FPS FPS::OP-()CO{RE MO(FPS(m_N)-= *TH);}TE TE IN FPS FPS::OP-(CO P& f)CO{RE MO(FPS(*TH)-= f);}TE TE IN FPS FPS::OP*(CO P& f)CO{RE MO(FPS(*TH)*= f);}TE TE IN FPS FPS::OP/(CO P& f)CO{RE MO(FPS(*TH)/= f);}TE FPS FPS::Inverse()CO{AS(TH->m_SZ > 0 && TH->m_f[0]!= TH->c_zero());CO PO& TH_ref = *TH;int pw;int pw_2 = 1;FPS f_inv{pw_2,TH->c_one()/ TH->m_f[0]};WH(pw_2 < m_N){pw = pw_2;pw_2 <<= 1;f_inv.SetTruncation(pw_2);auto temp = f_inv * TH_ref;temp[0]--;int v = temp.Valuation();AS(v == -1 || v >= pw);temp *= f_inv;for(int i = pw;i < pw_2;i++){f_inv[i]-= temp[i];}}f_inv.SetTruncation(m_N);RE f_inv;}TE IN VO FPS::SetTruncation(CRI N)NE{if(N < m_N){TruncateFinal(N);}m_N = N;}TE IN CRI FPS::GetTruncation()CO NE{RE m_N;}TE IN FPS& FPS::TruncateInitial(CRI N)NE{CRI SZ = N < TH->m_SZ?N:TH->m_SZ;for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){TH->m_f[i]= 0;}RE *TH;}TE IN FPS& FPS::TruncateFinal(CRI N)NE{WH(TH->m_SZ > N){TH->m_f.pop_back();TH->m_SZ--;}RE *TH;}TE FPS Differential(CO FPS& f){auto& SZ = f.SZ();auto& N = f.GetTruncation();if(SZ < 1){RE FPS(1 < N?N - 1:1);}VE df(SZ - 1);for(int i = 1;i < SZ;i++){df[i - 1]= f[i]* i;}RE FPS(1 < N?N - 1:1,MO(df));}TE FPS Differential(CRI n,CO FPS& f){if(n == 0){RE f;}if(n == 1){RE Differential(f);}auto& SZ = f.SZ();auto& N = f.GetTruncation();if(SZ < n){RE FPS(n < N?N - n:1);}VE df(SZ - n);T coef = T::Factorial(n),numer = n,denom = 0;for(int i = n;i < SZ;i++){df[i - n]= f[i]* coef;(coef *= ++numer)/= ++denom;}RE FPS(n < N?N - n:1,MO(df));}TE FPS ShiftedIntegral(CRI n,CO FPS& f,CRI shift){auto& SZ = f.SZ();auto& N = f.GetTruncation();if(SZ + n < shift){RE FPS{N + n > shift?N + n - shift:1};}VE F(SZ + n - shift);if(n == 0){for(int i = shift;i < SZ;i++){F[i - shift]= f[i];}}else if(n == 1){CO int i_min = max(shift - 1,0);T denom = i_min;for(int i = i_min;i < SZ;i++){F[i + 1 - shift]= f[i]/ ++denom;}}else{CO int i_min = max(shift - n,0);for(int i = i_min;i < SZ;i++){F[i + n - shift]= f[i]* T::Factorial(i)* T::FactorialInverse(n + i);}}RE FPS(N + n - shift,MO(F));}TE IN FPS Integral(CO FPS& f){RE ShiftedIntegral(1,f,0);}TE IN FPS Integral(CRI n,CO FPS& f){RE ShiftedIntegral(n,f,0);}TE FPS Exp(CO FPS& f){AS(f[0]== f.c_zero());CRI N = f.GetTruncation();int pw;int pw_2 = 1;FPS f_exp{pw_2,f.c_one()};WH(pw_2 < N){pw = pw_2;pw_2 *= 2;f_exp.SetTruncation(pw_2);auto temp = Differential(f_exp);temp /= f_exp;temp = ShiftedIntegral(1,temp,pw);for(int i = 0;i < pw;i++){temp[i]-= f[i | pw];}temp *= f_exp;for(int i = 0;i < pw;i++){f_exp[i|pw]-= temp[i];}}f_exp.SetTruncation(N);RE f_exp;}TE IN FPS Log(CO FPS& f){AS(f[0]== f.c_one());RE Integral(Differential(f)/= f);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO FPS& f){CO int N = f.GetTruncation();for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){(i > 0?os << " ":os)<< f[i];}RE os;} // PO TE IN PO::PO():m_f(),m_SZ(0){}TE IN PO::PO(CO PO& f):m_f(f.m_f),m_SZ(f.m_SZ){}TE IN PO::PO(PO&& f):m_f(MO(f.m_f)),m_SZ(f.m_SZ){}TE IN PO::PO(VE f):m_f(MO(f)),m_SZ(m_f.SZ()){}TE IN PO::PO(T t):PO(){if(t != c_zero()){OP[](0)= MO(t);}}TE IN PO::PO(CRI i,T t):PO(){if(t != c_zero()){OP[](i)= MO(t);}}TE IN PO& PO::OP=(T n){m_f.clear();m_SZ = 0;OP[](0)= MO(n);RE *TH;}TE IN PO& PO::OP=(PO f){m_f = MO(f.m_f);m_SZ = f.m_SZ;RE *TH;}TE IN PO& PO::OP=(VE f){m_f = MO(f);m_SZ = m_f.SZ();RE *TH;}TE IN CO T& PO::OP[](CRI i)CO{RE m_SZ <= i?c_zero():m_f[i];}TE IN T& PO::OP[](CRI i){if(m_SZ <= i){CO T& z = c_zero();WH(m_SZ <= i){m_f.push_back(z);m_SZ++;}}RE m_f[i];}TE T PO::OP()(CO T& t)CO{T AN =(*TH)[0];T t_pw = c_one();for(int d = 1;d < m_SZ;d++){AN += m_f[d]*(t_pw *= t);}RE AN;}TE PO& PO::OP+=(CO PO& f){if(m_SZ < f.m_SZ){for(int i = 0;i < m_SZ;i++){m_f[i]+= f.m_f[i];}for(int i = m_SZ;i < f.m_SZ;i++){m_f.push_back(f.m_f[i]);}m_SZ = f.m_SZ;}else{for(int i = 0;i < f.m_SZ;i++){m_f[i]+= f.m_f[i];}}RE *TH;}TE PO& PO::OP-=(CO PO& f){if(m_SZ < f.m_SZ){for(int i = 0;i < m_SZ;i++){m_f[i]-= f.m_f[i];}for(int i = m_SZ;i < f.m_SZ;i++){m_f.push_back(- f.m_f[i]);}m_SZ = f.m_SZ;}else{for(int i = 0;i < f.m_SZ;i++){m_f[i]-= f.m_f[i];}}RE *TH;}TE PO& PO::OP/=(CO T& t){if(t == c_one()){RE *TH;}CO T t_inv{c_one()/ t};for(int i = 0;i < m_SZ;i++){OP[](i)*= t_inv;}RE *TH;}TE PO& PO::OP%=(CO T& t){if(t == c_one()){RE *TH = zero();}for(int i = 0;i < m_SZ;i++){m_f[i]%= t;}RE *TH;}TE bool PO::OP==(CO PO& f)CO{CRI SZ0 = SZ();CRI SZ1 = f.SZ();CRI SZ_max = SZ0 < SZ1?SZ1:SZ0;for(int i = 0;i < SZ_max;i++){if(OP[](i)!= f[i]){RE false;}}RE true;}TE bool PO::OP==(CO T& t)CO{CRI SZ_max = SZ();CO T& zero = PO::c_zero();for(int i = 1;i < SZ_max;i++){if(m_f[i]!= zero){RE false;}}RE OP[](0)== t;}TE TE IN bool PO::OP!=(CO P& f)CO{RE !(*TH == f);}DF_OF_AR_FOR_PO(+,f += *TH);TE IN PO& PO::SignInvert(){Reduce();for(auto& fi:m_f){fi = -fi;}RE *TH;}TE IN PO PO::OP-()CO{RE MO(PO(*TH).SignInvert());}DF_OF_AR_FOR_PO(-,f.SignInvert()+= *TH);DF_OF_AR_FOR_PO(*,f *= *TH);TE IN PO PO::OP/(CO T& t)CO{RE MO(PO(*TH)/= t);}TE IN PO PO::OP/(CO PO& f)CO{RE MO(PO(*TH)/= f);}TE IN PO PO::OP%(CO T& t)CO{RE MO(PO(*TH)%= t);}TE IN PO PO::OP%(CO PO& f)CO{RE MO(PO(*TH)%= f);}TE IN CO VE& PO::GetCoefficient()CO NE{RE m_f;}TE IN CRI PO::SZ()CO NE{RE m_SZ;}TE IN VO PO::resize(CRI deg_plus)NE{m_f.resize(m_SZ = deg_plus);}TE int PO::Valuation()CO NE{for(int i = 0;i < m_SZ;i++){if(m_f[i]!= c_zero()){RE i;}}RE -1;}TE IN VO PO::swap(PO& f){m_f.swap(f.m_f);swap(m_SZ,f.m_SZ);}TE IN VO PO::swap(VE& f){m_f.swap(f);m_SZ = m_f.SZ();}TE VO PO::Reduce(){CO T& z = c_zero();WH(m_SZ > 0 && m_f[m_SZ - 1]== z){m_f.pop_back();m_SZ--;}RE;}TE VO PO::TP(CRI N_trunc){WH(N_trunc > m_SZ){m_f.push_back(c_zero());m_SZ++;}CO int N_half = min(N_trunc,(m_SZ + 1)/ 2);for(int d = 0;d < N_half;d++){::swap(m_f[d],m_f[m_SZ - 1 - d]);}m_f.resize(N_trunc);m_SZ = N_trunc;RE;}TE IN CO PO& PO::zero(){ST CO PO z{};RE z;}TE IN CO PO& PO::one(){ST CO PO o{c_one()};RE o;}TE IN CO PO& PO::x(){ST CO PO f{1,c_one()};RE f;}TE IN CO T& PO::c_zero(){ST CO T z{0};RE z;}TE IN CO T& PO::c_one(){ST CO T o{1};RE o;}TE IN CO T& PO::c_minus_one(){ST CO T m{-1};RE m;}TE PO Differential(CRI n,CO PO& f){CRI SZ = f.SZ();if(SZ < n){RE PO::zero();}VE df(SZ - n);T coef = T::Factorial(n);int i = n;WH(i < SZ){df[i - n]= f[i]* coef;i++;(coef *= i)/=(i - n);}RE PO(MO(df));}TE IN PO Differential(CO PO& f){RE Differential(1,f);} TE PO PO::NaiveCN(PO f0,CRI valuation0,CO PO& f1,CRI valuation1,CRI N_trunc){CO int SZ0 = f0.SZ();AS(0 <= valuation0 && valuation0 < SZ0);CO int SZ1 = f1.SZ();AS(0 <= valuation1 && valuation1 < SZ1);for(int i = SZ0 - 1;i >= valuation0;i--){CO T f0i = f0[i];f0[i]*= f1[0];CO int j_ulim = min(SZ1,N_trunc - i),j_min = max(valuation1,1);for(int j = j_ulim - 1;j >= j_min;j--){f0[i+j]+= f0i * f1[j];}}RE MO(f0);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO PO& f){auto& SZ = f.SZ();for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){(i == 0?os:os << " ")<< f[i];}RE os;} TE PO PO::NaiveQuotient(PO f0,CO PO& f1){CO int diff = f0.m_SZ - f1.m_SZ;if(diff < 0){RE MO(f0);}CO T r = f0[f0.m_SZ-1]/ f1[f1.m_SZ-1];f0.m_f.pop_back();f0.m_SZ--;f0.Reduce();for(int i = diff;i < f0.m_SZ;i++){f0[i]-= r * f1[i - diff];}f0.Reduce();f0 = NaiveQuotient(MO(f0),f1);f0[diff]= r;RE MO(f0);}TE PO PO::NaiveResidue(PO f0,CO PO& f1){CO int diff = f0.m_SZ - f1.m_SZ;if(diff < 0){RE MO(f0);}CO T r = f0[f0.m_SZ-1]/ f1[f1.m_SZ-1];f0.m_f.pop_back();f0.m_SZ--;f0.Reduce();for(int i = diff;i < f0.m_SZ;i++){f0[i]-= r * f1[i - diff];}f0.Reduce();RE NaiveResidue(MO(f0),f1);}TE PO& PO::OP*=(PO f){Reduce();if(m_SZ == 0){RE *TH;}f.Reduce();if(f.m_SZ == 0){RE *TH = MO(f);}CO int valuation0 = TH->Valuation();CO int valuation1 = f.Valuation();CO int le0 = m_SZ - valuation0;CO int le1 = f.m_SZ - valuation1;CO int SZ = m_SZ + f.m_SZ - 1;m_f = NaiveCN(MO(*TH),valuation0,f,valuation1,SZ);m_SZ = m_f.SZ();RE *TH;}TE PO& PO::OP/=(CO PO& f){AS(f.m_SZ > 0 && f[f.m_SZ-1]!= c_zero());Reduce();if(m_SZ < f.m_SZ){RE *TH = zero();}RE *TH = NaiveQuotient(MO(*TH),f);}TE PO& PO::OP%=(CO PO& f){AS(f.m_SZ > 0 && f[f.m_SZ-1]!= c_zero());Reduce();RE *TH = NaiveResidue(MO(*TH),f);} #endif template FormalPowerSeries Composite( const FormalPowerSeries& f , const FormalPowerSeries& g ) { const int& N = f.GetTruncation(); assert( N > 0 && g[0] == Polynomial::c_zero() ); const int N_minus = N - 1; if( N_minus == 0 ){ return f; } const int H = sqrt( N_minus ); const int K = N_minus / H; vector > g_power( max( 2 , K ) ); g_power[0].SetTruncation( N ); g_power[0][0] = 1; ( g_power[1] = g ).SetTruncation( N ); for( int k = 2 ; k < K ; k++ ){ g_power[k] = g_power[k-1] * g_power[1]; } vector > g_power2( H + 1 ); g_power2[0] = g_power[0]; g_power2[1] = g_power[K-1] * g_power[1]; for( int h = 2 ; h <= H ; h++ ){ g_power2[h] = g_power2[h-1] * g_power2[1]; } int k = 0; int h = 0; int n_max = N_minus; FormalPowerSeries answer{ N }; FormalPowerSeries answer_h{ N }; for( int d = 0 ; d < N ; d++ ){ for( int n = k ; n <= n_max ; n++ ){ answer_h[n] += f[d] * g_power[k][n]; } if( ++k == K || d == N_minus ){ answer += h == 0 ? answer_h : answer_h *= g_power2[h]; k = 0; h++; n_max -= K; answer_h = FormalPowerSeries( N ); } } return answer; } /* AAA 常設でないライブラリは以上に挿入する。*/ #define INCLUDE_SUB #include __FILE__ #else /* INCLUDE_LIBRARY */ #ifdef DEBUG #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #else #pragma GCC optimize ( "O3" ) #pragma GCC optimize ( "unroll-loops" ) #pragma GCC target ( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) #define DEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE1 , VALUE2 ) CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE1 ) #define ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) AS( ( MIN ) <= A && A <= ( MAX ) ) #define REPEAT_MAIN( BOUND ) START_MAIN; CEXPR( int , test_case_num_bound , BOUND ); int test_case_num = 1; if CE( test_case_num_bound > 1 ){ FINISH_MAIN #ifdef USE_GETLINE #define SET_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , ... ) VariadicGetline( cin , SEPARATOR , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define SET( ... ) SET_SEPARATE( '\n' , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define GETLINE_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , ... ) string __VA_ARGS__; SET_SEPARATE( SEPARATOR , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define GETLINE( ... ) GETLINE_SEPARATE( '\n' , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define FINISH_MAIN GETLINE( test_case_num_str ); test_case_num = stoi( test_case_num_str ); ASSERT( test_case_num , 1 , test_case_num_bound ); } REPEAT( test_case_num ){ Solve(); } } #else #define SET( ... ) VariadicCin( cin , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CIN( LL , ... ) LL __VA_ARGS__; SET( __VA_ARGS__ ) #define SET_A( I , N , ... ) VariadicResize( N + I , __VA_ARGS__ ); FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A , 0 , N ){ VariadicSet( cin , VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A + I , __VA_ARGS__ ); } #define CIN_A( LL , I , N , ... ) VE __VA_ARGS__; SET_A( I , N , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CIN_AA( LL , I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , VAR ) VE VAR( N0 + I0 , VE( N1 + I1 ) ); FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_CIN_AA , 0 , N0 ){ SET_A( I1 , N1 , VAR[VARIABLE_FOR_CIN_AA + I0] ); } #define FINISH_MAIN SET_ASSERT( test_case_num , 1 , test_case_num_bound ); } REPEAT( test_case_num ){ Solve(); } } #endif #define SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) SET( A ); ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define SOLVE_ONLY #define COUT( ... ) VariadicCout( cout , __VA_ARGS__ ) << ENDL #define COUTNS( ... ) VariadicCoutNonSep( cout , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define CERR( ... ) #define CERRNS( ... ) #define COUT_A( I , N , A ) CoutArray( cout , I , N , A ) << ENDL #define CERR_A( I , N , A ) #define WHAT( ... ) #define TLE( CONDITION ) if( !( CONDITION ) ){ cerr << "TLE" << endl; ll TLE_VAR = 1; while( TLE_VAR != 0 ){ ( TLE_VAR += 2 ) %= int( 1e9 ); } cerr << TLE_VAR << endl; } #define MLE( CONDITION ) if( !( CONDITION ) ){ cerr << "MLE" << endl; vector> MLE_VAR{}; REPEAT( 1e6 ){ MLE_VAR.push_back( vector( 1e6 ) ); } cerr << MLE_VAR << endl; } #define OLE( CONDITION ) if( !( CONDITION ) ){ cerr << "OLE" << endl; REPEAT( 1e8 ){ COUT( "OLE" ); } } #endif #ifdef REACTIVE #ifndef DEBUG #define LOCAL( ... ) #define RSET( A , ... ) SET( A ) #endif #define RCIN( LL , A , ... ) LL A; RSET( A , __VA_ARGS__ ) #define ENDL endl #else #define ENDL "\n" #endif #include using namespace std; #define ATT __attribute__( ( target( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) ) ) #define START_MAIN int main(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false ); cin.tie( nullptr ) #define START_WATCH chrono::system_clock::time_point watch = chrono::system_clock::now(); double loop_average_time = 0.0 , loop_start_time = loop_average_time , current_time = loop_start_time; int loop_count = current_time; assert( loop_count == 0 ) #define CURRENT_TIME ( current_time = static_cast( chrono::duration_cast( chrono::system_clock::now() - watch ).count() / 1000.0 ) ) #define CHECK_WATCH( TL_MS ) ( CURRENT_TIME , loop_count == 0 ? loop_start_time = current_time : loop_average_time = ( current_time - loop_start_time ) / loop_count , ++loop_count , current_time < TL_MS - loop_average_time * 2 - 100.0 ) #define CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE ) CE LL BOUND = VALUE #define SET_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A , 0 , N ){ SET_ASSERT( A[VARIABLE_FOR_SET_A + I] , MIN , MAX ); } #define SET_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA0 , 0 , N0 ){ FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA1 , 0 , N1 ){ SET_ASSERT( A[VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA0 + I0][VARIABLE_FOR_SET_AA1 + I1] , MIN , MAX ); } } #define CIN_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) decldecay_t( MAX ) A; SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define CIN_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) vector A( N + I ); SET_A_ASSERT( I , N , A , MIN , MAX ) #define CIN_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) vector A( N0 + I0 , vector( N1 + I1 ) ); SET_AA_ASSERT( I0 , N0 , I1 , N1 , A , MIN , MAX ) #define PR1( A1 , ... ) A1 #define PR2( A1 , A2 , ... ) A2 #define PR3( A1 , A2 , A3 , ... ) A3 #define FOR_( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL , UPPER , COMP , INCR ) for( decldecay_t( UPPER ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR COMP ( FINAL ) ; VAR INCR ) #define FOR( VAR , INITIAL , ... ) FOR_( VAR , INITIAL , PR1( __VA_ARGS__ ) , PR1( __VA_ARGS__ ) , < , PR3( __VA_ARGS__ , += PR2( __VA_ARGS__ , ? ) , ++ ) ) #define FOREQ( VAR , INITIAL , ... ) FOR_( VAR , INITIAL , PR1( __VA_ARGS__ ) , PR1( __VA_ARGS__ ) , <= , PR3( __VA_ARGS__ , += PR2( __VA_ARGS__ , ? ) , ++ ) ) #define FOREQINV( VAR , INITIAL , ... ) FOR_( VAR , INITIAL , PR1( __VA_ARGS__ ) , INITIAL , + 1 > , PR3( __VA_ARGS__ , -= PR2( __VA_ARGS__ , ? ) , -- ) ) #define ITR( ARRAY ) auto begin_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .BE() , itr_ ## ARRAY = begin_ ## ARRAY , end_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .EN() #define FOR_ITR( ARRAY ) for( ITR( ARRAY ) , itr = itr_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY != end_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY ++ , itr++ ) #define RUN( ARRAY , ... ) for( auto&& __VA_ARGS__ : ARRAY ) #define REPEAT( HOW_MANY_TIMES ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_REPEAT , 0 , HOW_MANY_TIMES ) #define SET_PRECISION( DECIMAL_DIGITS ) cout << fixed << setprecision( DECIMAL_DIGITS ); cerr << fixed << setprecision( DECIMAL_DIGITS ) #define RETURN( ... ) SOLVE_ONLY; COUT( __VA_ARGS__ ); RE #define COMPARE( ... ) auto naive = Naive( __VA_ARGS__ , false ); auto answer = Answer( __VA_ARGS__ , false ); bool match = naive == answer; CERR( "(" , #__VA_ARGS__ , ") == (" , __VA_ARGS__ , ") : Naive ==" , naive , match ? "==" : "!=" , answer , "== Answer" ); if( !match ){ CERR( "出力の不一致が検出されました。" ); RE; } #define CHECK( ... ) auto answer = Answer( __VA_ARGS__ , false ); CERR( "(" , #__VA_ARGS__ , ") == (" , __VA_ARGS__ , ") : Answer == " , answer ) /* 圧縮用 */ #define TE template #define TY typename #define US using #define ST static #define AS assert #define IN inline #define CL class #define PU public #define OP operator #define CE constexpr #define CO const #define NE noexcept #define RE return #define WH while #define VO void #define VE vector #define LI list #define BE begin #define EN end #define SZ size #define LE length #define MO move #define TH this #define CRI CO int& #define CRUI CO uint& #define CRL CO ll& #define VI virtual #define IS basic_istream #define OS basic_ostream #define ST_AS static_assert #define reMO_CO remove_const #define is_COructible_v is_constructible_v #define rBE rbegin /* 型のエイリアス */ #define decldecay_t(VAR)decay_t TE US ret_t = decltype(declval()(declval()...)); TE US inner_t = TY T::type; US uint = unsigned int; US ll = long long; US ull = unsigned long long; US ld = long double; US lld = __float128; /* VVV 常設ライブラリは以下に挿入する。*/ #ifdef DEBUG #include "C:/Users/user/Documents/Programming/Contest/Template/Local/a_Body.hpp" US MP = DMod; // US MP = Mod

; #else /* Random (1KB)*/ ll GetRand(CRL Rand_min,CRL Rand_max){AS(Rand_min <= Rand_max);ll AN = time(NULL);RE AN * rand()%(Rand_max + 1 - Rand_min)+ Rand_min;} /* Set (2KB)*/ #define DC_OF_HASH(...)struct hash<__VA_ARGS__>{IN size_t OP()(CO __VA_ARGS__& n)CO;}; CL is_ordered{PU:is_ordered()= delete;TE ST CE auto Check(CO T& t)-> decltype(t < t,true_type());ST CE false_type Check(...);TE ST CE CO bool value = is_same_v< decltype(Check(declval())),true_type >;}; TE US Set = conditional_t>,unordered_set,conditional_t,set,VO>>; #define DF_OF_POP_FOR_SET(SET)TE IN T pop_max(SET& S){AS(!S.empty());auto IT = --S.EN();T AN = *IT;S.erase(IT);RE AN;}TE IN T pop_min(SET& S){AS(!S.empty());auto IT = S.BE();T AN = *IT;S.erase(IT);RE AN;}TE IN SET& OP<<=(SET& S,T t){S.insert(MO(t));RE S;}TE IN SET& OP<<=(SET& S,U&& u){S.insert(T{forward(u)});RE S;}TE IN SET& OP>>=(SET& S,CO T& t){auto IT = S.find(t);if(IT != S.EN()){S.erase(IT);}RE S;}TE IN SET& OP>>=(SET& S,CO U& u){RE S >>= T{u};}TE IN CO T& Get(CO SET& S,int i){auto BE = S.BE(),EN = S.EN();auto& IT = i < 0?(++i,--EN):BE;WH(i > 0 && IT != EN){--i;++IT;}WH(i < 0 && IT != BE){++i;--IT;}AS(i == 0);RE *IT;} #define DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(SET)TE IN SET& OP|=(SET& S0,SET S1){S0.merge(MO(S1));RE S0;}TE IN SET OP|(SET S0,SET S1){RE MO(S0.SZ()< S1.SZ()?S1 |= MO(S0):S0 |= MO(S1));} TE IN TY SET::const_iterator MaximumLeq(CO SET& S,CO T& t){auto IT = S.upper_bound(t);RE IT == S.BE()?S.EN():--IT;}TE IN TY SET::const_iterator MaximumLt(CO SET& S,CO T& t){auto IT = S.lower_bound(t);RE IT == S.BE()?S.EN():--IT;}TE IN TY SET::const_iterator MinimumGeq(CO SET& S,CO T& t){RE S.lower_bound(t);}TE IN TY SET::const_iterator MinimumGt(CO SET& S,CO T& t){RE S.upper_bound(t);}TE IN VO EraseBack(SET& S,ITERATOR& IT){IT = S.erase(IT);}TE IN VO EraseFront(SET& S,ITERATOR& IT){IT = S.erase(IT);IT == S.BE()?IT = S.EN():--IT;}TE TY SET,TY T,TY...Args> IN bool In(CO T& t,CO SET& S){RE S.count(t)> 0;}DF_OF_POP_FOR_SET(set);DF_OF_POP_FOR_SET(unordered_set);DF_OF_POP_FOR_SET(multiset);DF_OF_POP_FOR_SET(unordered_multiset);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(set);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(unordered_set);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(multiset);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(unordered_multiset);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(VE);DF_OF_UNION_FOR_SET(LI); /* Tuple (6KB)*/ #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(OPR)TE TY PAIR> IN auto OP OPR ## =(PAIR& t0,CO PAIR& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);RE t0;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP OPR ## =(TUPLE& t0,CO TUPLE& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);get<2>(t0)OPR ## = get<2>(t1);RE t0;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP OPR ## =(TUPLE& t0,CO TUPLE& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = get<0>(t1);get<1>(t0)OPR ## = get<1>(t1);get<2>(t0)OPR ## = get<2>(t1);get<3>(t0)OPR ## = get<3>(t1);RE t0;}TE TY PAIR> IN auto OP OPR ## =(PAIR& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP OPR ## =(TUPLE& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<2>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP OPR ## =(TUPLE& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decltype((get<0>(t0),t0))&{get<0>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<1>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<2>(t0)OPR ## = t1;get<3>(t0)OPR ## = t1;RE t0;}TE TY TUPLE,TY...ARGS,TY ARG> IN auto OP OPR(CO TUPLE& t0,CO ARG& t1)-> decldecay_t((get<0>(t0),t0)){auto t = t0;RE MO(t OPR ## = t1);} #define DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(INCR)TE TY PAIR> IN auto OP INCR(PAIR& t)-> decltype((get<0>(t),t))&{INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);RE t;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP INCR(TUPLE& t)-> decltype((get<0>(t),t))&{INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);INCR get<2>(t);RE t;}TE TY TUPLE> IN auto OP INCR(TUPLE& t)-> decltype((get<0>(t),t))&{INCR get<0>(t);INCR get<1>(t);INCR get<2>(t);INCR get<3>(t);RE t;} TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg);}TE TY V> IN auto OP>>(IS& is,V& arg)-> decltype((get<0>(arg),is))&{RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg);}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg)>> get<2>(arg);}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,tuple& arg){RE is >> get<0>(arg)>> get<1>(arg)>> get<2>(arg)>> get<3>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg);}TE TY V> IN auto OP<<(OS& os,CO V& arg)-> decltype((get<0>(arg),os))&{RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg)<< " " << get<2>(arg);}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO tuple& arg){RE os << get<0>(arg)<< " " << get<1>(arg)<< " " << get<2>(arg)<< " " << get<3>(arg);}DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(+);TE TY V> IN auto OP-(CO V& t)-> decldecay_t((get<0>(t),t)){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t)};}TE IN tuple OP-(CO tuple& t){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t),-get<2>(t)};}TE IN tuple OP-(CO tuple& t){RE{-get<0>(t),-get<1>(t),-get<2>(t),-get<3>(t)};}DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_TUPLE(%);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(++);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_TUPLE(--); TE CL TupleAccessIndex{};TE CL Tuple:PU tuple{PU:IN Tuple(Types&&... args);TE IN Tuple(Args&&... args);TE IN auto& OP[](CO TupleAccessIndex& i)NE;TE IN CO auto& OP[](CO TupleAccessIndex& i)CO NE;};TE CL tuple_size>:PU tuple_size>{};TE CL tuple_element>:PU tuple_element>{}; TE US Pair = Tuple;TE US T2 = Pair;TE US T3 = Tuple;TE US T4 = Tuple; CE TupleAccessIndex<0> O{};CE TupleAccessIndex<1> I{};CE TupleAccessIndex<2> II{};CE TupleAccessIndex<3> III{}; TE IN Tuple::Tuple(Types&&... args):tuple(MO(args)...){}TE TE IN Tuple::Tuple(Args&&... args):tuple(forward(args)...){}TE TE IN auto& Tuple::OP[](CO TupleAccessIndex& i)NE{RE get(*TH);}TE TE IN CO auto& Tuple::OP[](CO TupleAccessIndex& i)CO NE{RE get(*TH);}TE TY PAIR,TY INT> T2 cast(CO PAIR& t){RE{get<0>(t),get<1>(t)};}TE T3 cast(CO tuple& t){RE{get<0>(t),get<1>(t),get<2>(t)};}TE T4 cast(CO tuple& t){RE{get<0>(t),get<1>(t),get<2>(t),get<3>(t)};} #define DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(PAIR)TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO PAIR& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash h0;ST CO hash h1;RE(h0(get<0>(n))* seed)^ h1(get<1>(n));} TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(pair);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple);TE DC_OF_HASH(tuple); TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO hash h;RE h(get<0>(n));}DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(pair);DF_OF_HASH_FOR_TUPLE(tuple);TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash> h01;ST CO hash h2;RE(h01({get<0>(n),get<1>(n)})* seed)^ h2(get<2>(n));}TE IN size_t hash>::OP()(CO tuple& n)CO{ST CO size_t seed =(GetRand(1e3,1e8)<< 1)| 1;ST CO hash> h01;ST CO hash> h23;RE(h01({get<0>(n),get<1>(n)})* seed)^ h23({get<2>(n),get<3>(n)});} /* Vector (3KB)*/ #define DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(V)TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO V& arg){auto BE = arg.BE(),EN = arg.EN();auto IT = BE;WH(IT != EN){(IT == BE?os:os << " ")<< *IT;IT++;}RE os;} DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(VE);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(LI);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(set);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(unordered_set);DF_OF_COUT_FOR_VE(multiset);IN VO VariadicResize(CRI SZ){}TE IN VO VariadicResize(CRI SZ,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){arg.resize(SZ);VariadicResize(SZ,args...);} #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,OPR)TE IN V& OP OPR ## =(V& a0,CO V& a1){AS(a0.SZ()<= a1.SZ());auto IT0 = a0.BE(),EN0 = a0.EN();auto IT1 = a1.BE();WH(IT0 != EN0){*(IT0++)OPR ## = *(IT1++);}RE a0;}TE IN V& OP OPR ## =(V& a,CO T& t){for(auto& x:a){x OPR## = t;}RE a;}TE IN V OP OPR(V a,CO U& u){RE MO(a OPR ## = u);} #define DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,INCR)TE IN V& OP INCR(V& a){for(auto& i:a){INCR i;}RE a;} #define DF_OF_SHIFT_FOR_VE(V)TE IN V& OP<<=(V& a,T t){a.push_back(MO(t));RE a;}TE IN V& OP<<=(V& a,U&& u){RE a <<= T{forward(u)};}TE IN T pop(V& a){AS(!a.empty());T AN = MO(a.back());a.pop_back();RE AN;} #define DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(V)DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_VE(V,%);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,++);DF_OF_INCREMENT_FOR_VE(V,--);TE IN V OP-(V a){RE MO(a *= T(-1));}TE IN V OP*(CO T& t,V v){RE MO(v *= t);}DF_OF_SHIFT_FOR_VE(V); DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(VE);DF_OF_ARS_FOR_VE(LI);DF_OF_SHIFT_FOR_VE(basic_string); TE IN auto Get(V& a){RE[&](CRI i = 0)-> CO decldecay_t(a[0])&{RE a[i];};}TE IN VE id(CRI SZ){VE AN(SZ);for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){AN[i]= i;}RE AN;}TE IN VO Sort(V& a,CO bool& reversed = false){US T = decldecay_t(a[0]);if(reversed){ST auto comp =[](CO T& t0,CO T& t1){RE t1 < t0;};sort(a.BE(),a.EN(),comp);}else{sort(a.BE(),a.EN());}}TE IN VO Sort(V0& a,V1& b,CO bool& reversed = false){CO int SZ = a.SZ();AS(SZ == int(b.SZ()));VE> v(SZ);for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){v[i]={MO(a[i]),MO(b[i])};}Sort(v,reversed);for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){a[i]= MO(v[i].first);b[i]= MO(v[i].second);}}TE IN pair,VE> IndexSort(CO V& a,CO bool& reversed = false){CO int SZ = a.SZ();auto index = id(SZ),ord = index;sort(index.BE(),index.EN(),[&](CRI i,CRI j){CO pair ti{a[i],i},tj{a[j],j};RE reversed?tj < ti:ti < tj;});for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){ord[index[i]]= i;}RE{MO(index),MO(ord)};}TE IN int len(CO V& a){RE a.SZ();}TE IN VO Reverse(V& a){CO int SZ = len(a),half = SZ / 2;for(int i = 0;i < half;i++){swap(a[i],a[SZ-1-i]);}};TE IN V Reversed(V a){Reverse(a);RE MO(a);}TE TY V,TY T> IN V cast(CO V& a){V AN{};for(auto& x:a){AN <<= a;}} /* Map (1KB)*/ #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,OPR)TE IN MAP& OP OPR ## =(MAP& a,CO pair& v){a[v.first]OPR ## = v.second;RE a;}TE IN MAP& OP OPR ## =(MAP& a0,CO MAP& a1){for(auto&[t,u]:a1){a0[t]OPR ## = u;}RE a0;}TE IN MAP OP OPR(MAP a,CO ARG& arg){RE MO(a OPR ## = arg);} #define DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(MAP)DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,-);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,/);DF_OF_AR_FOR_MAP(MAP,%); TE US Map = conditional_t>,unordered_map,conditional_t,map,VO>>; DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(map);DF_OF_ARS_FOR_MAP(unordered_map); /* StdStream (2KB)*/ TE IN IS& VariadicCin(IS& is){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicCin(IS& is,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicCin(is >> arg,args...);}TE IN IS& VariadicSet(IS& is,CRI i){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicSet(IS& is,CRI i,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicSet(is >> arg[i],i,args...);}TE IN IS& VariadicGetline(IS& is,CO char& separator){RE is;}TE IN IS& VariadicGetline(IS& is,CO char& separator,Arg& arg,ARGS&... args){RE VariadicGetline(getline(is,arg,separator),separator,args...);}TE IN OS& VariadicCout(OS& os,Arg&& arg){RE os << forward(arg);}TE IN OS& VariadicCout(OS& os,Arg1&& arg1,Arg2&& arg2,ARGS&&... args){RE VariadicCout(os << forward(arg1)<< " ",forward(arg2),forward(args)...);}TE IN OS& VariadicCoutNonSep(OS& os,Arg&& arg){RE os << forward(arg);}TE IN OS& VariadicCoutNonSep(OS& os,Arg1&& arg1,Arg2&& arg2,ARGS&&... args){RE VariadicCoutNonSep(os << forward(arg1),forward(arg2),forward(args)...);}TE IN OS& CoutArray(OS& os,CRI i_start,CRI i_ulim,ARRAY&& a){for(int i = i_start;i < i_ulim;i++){(i == i_start?os:(os << " "))<< a[i];}RE os;} /* DynamicModulo (9KB)*/ CEXPR(uint,P,998244353); // SetModulo( M , M_is_prime = false ); // M_is_primeがtrueの時はinverseの計算がメモ化再帰される。 #define RP Represent #define DeRP Derepresent TE CE INT1 Residue(INT1 n,CO INT2& M)NE{RE MO(n < 0?((((++n)*= -1)%= M)*= -1)+= M - 1:n < M?n:n %= M);} TE IN INT ModularInverse(CO INT& base,ll c){AS(base > 0);ll a[2]={0,1 % base};INT b[2]={base,INT((c %= base)< 0?c += base:c)};WH(b[1]!= 0){CO INT q = b[0]/ b[1];(a[0]-= q * a[1]% base)< 0?a[0]+= base:a[0];b[0]-= q * b[1];swap(a[0],a[1]);swap(b[0],b[1]);}AS(b[0]== 1 &&(a[0]* c - 1)% base == 0);RE a[0];} TE CL DMods;TE CL COantsForDMods{PU:COantsForDMods()= delete;ST uint g_M;ST CE CO uint g_memory_bound = 2e6;ST uint g_memory_le;ST uint g_M_minus;ST bool g_M_is_prime;}; TE uint COantsForDMods::g_M = P;TE uint COantsForDMods::g_memory_le = g_memory_bound;TE uint COantsForDMods::g_M_minus = P-1;TE bool COantsForDMods::g_M_is_prime = true; #define SFINAE_FOR_DMOD enable_if_t>>* #define DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(OPR)IN bool OP OPR(CO DMods& n)CO NE #define DC_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(OPR,EX)IN DMods OP OPR(DMods n)CO EX; #define DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(OPR)TE IN bool DMods::OP OPR(CO DMods& n)CO NE{RE m_n OPR n.m_n;} #define DF_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(OPR,EX,LEFT,OPR2)TE IN DMods DMods::OP OPR(DMods n)CO EX{RE MO(LEFT OPR2 ## = *TH);}TE IN DMods OP OPR(T n0,CO DMods& n1)EX{RE MO(DMods(MO(n0))OPR ## = n1);} TE CL DMods{PU:uint m_n;IN DMods()NE;IN DMods(CO DMods& n)NE;IN DMods(DMods&& n)NE;TE IN DMods(T n)NE;IN DMods& OP=(DMods n)NE;IN DMods& OP+=(CO DMods& n)NE;IN DMods& OP-=(CO DMods& n)NE;IN DMods& OP*=(CO DMods& n)NE;IN DMods& OP/=(DMods n);IN DMods& OP^=(ll EX);IN DMods& OP<<=(ll n);IN DMods& OP>>=(ll n);IN DMods& OP++()NE;IN DMods OP++(int)NE;IN DMods& OP--()NE;IN DMods OP--(int)NE;DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(==);DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(!=);DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(<);DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(<=);DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(>);DC_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(>=);DC_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(+,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(-,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(*,NE);DC_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(/,);IN DMods OP^(ll EX)CO;IN DMods OP<<(ll n)CO;IN DMods OP>>(ll n)CO;IN DMods OP-()CO NE;IN VO swap(DMods& n)NE;IN CRUI RP()CO NE;ST IN DMods DeRP(uint n)NE;ST IN CO DMods& Factorial(CRL n);ST IN CO DMods& FactorialInverse(CRL n);ST IN DMods Combination(CRL n,CRL i);ST IN CO DMods& zero()NE;ST IN CO DMods& one()NE;ST IN CRUI GetModulo()NE;ST IN VO SetModulo(CRUI M,CO bool& M_is_prime = false)NE;IN DMods& SignInvert()NE;IN DMods& Invert();IN DMods& PPW(ll EX)NE;IN DMods& NNPW(ll EX)NE;ST IN CO DMods& Inverse(CRI n);ST IN CO DMods& TwoPower(CRI n);ST IN CO DMods& TwoPowerInverse(CRI n);US COants = COantsForDMods;}; US DMod = DMods<0>; TE IN DMods::DMods()NE:m_n(){}TE IN DMods::DMods(CO DMods& n)NE:m_n(n.m_n){}TE IN DMods::DMods(DMods&& n)NE:m_n(MO(n.m_n)){}TE TE IN DMods::DMods(T n)NE:m_n(Residue(MO(n),COants::g_M)){}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP=(DMods n)NE{m_n = MO(n.m_n);RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP+=(CO DMods& n)NE{(m_n += n.m_n)< COants::g_M?m_n:m_n -= COants::g_M;RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP-=(CO DMods& n)NE{m_n < n.m_n?(m_n += COants::g_M)-= n.m_n:m_n -= n.m_n;RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP*=(CO DMods& n)NE{m_n = Residue(MO(ull(m_n)* n.m_n),COants::g_M);RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP/=(DMods n){RE OP*=(n.Invert());}TE IN DMods& DMods::PPW(ll EX)NE{DMods pw{*TH};EX--;WH(EX != 0){(EX & 1)== 1?*TH *= pw:*TH;EX >>= 1;pw *= pw;}RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::NNPW(ll EX)NE{RE EX == 0?(m_n = 1,*TH):PPW(MO(EX));}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP^=(ll EX){if(EX < 0){m_n = ModularInverse(COants::g_M,MO(m_n));EX *= -1;}RE NNPW(MO(EX));}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP<<=(ll n){RE *TH *=(n < 0 && -n < int(COants::g_memory_le))?TwoPowerInverse(- int(n)):(n >= 0 && n < int(COants::g_memory_le))?TwoPower(int(n)):DMods(2)^= MO(n);}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP>>=(ll n){RE *TH <<= MO(n *= -1);}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP++()NE{m_n < COants::g_M_minus?++m_n:m_n = 0;RE *TH;}TE IN DMods DMods::OP++(int)NE{DMods n{*TH};OP++();RE n;}TE IN DMods& DMods::OP--()NE{m_n == 0?m_n = COants::g_M_minus:--m_n;RE *TH;}TE IN DMods DMods::OP--(int)NE{DMods n{*TH};OP--();RE n;}DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(==);DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(!=);DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(>);DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(>=);DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(<);DF_OF_CM_FOR_DMOD(<=);DF_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(+,NE,n,+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(-,NE,n.SignInvert(),+);DF_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(*,NE,n,*);DF_OF_AR_FOR_DMOD(/,,n.Invert(),*);TE IN DMods DMods::OP^(ll EX)CO{RE MO(DMods(*TH)^= MO(EX));}TE IN DMods DMods::OP<<(ll n)CO{RE MO(DMods(*TH)<<= MO(n));}TE IN DMods DMods::OP>>(ll n)CO{RE MO(DMods(*TH)>>= MO(n));}TE IN DMods DMods::OP-()CO NE{RE MO(DMods(*TH).SignInvert());}TE IN DMods& DMods::SignInvert()NE{m_n > 0?m_n = COants::g_M - m_n:m_n;RE *TH;}TE IN DMods& DMods::Invert(){m_n = COants::g_M_is_prime && m_n < COants::g_memory_le?Inverse(int(m_n)).m_n:ModularInverse(COants::g_M,MO(m_n));RE *TH;}TE IN VO DMods::swap(DMods& n)NE{std::swap(m_n,n.m_n);}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::Inverse(CRI n){if(COants::g_M == 1){RE zero();}AS(COants::g_M_is_prime && 0 < n && n < int(COants::g_memory_le));ST VE> memory ={zero(),one()};ST int le_curr = 2;WH(le_curr <= n){memory.push_back(DeRP(COants::g_M - memory[COants::g_M % le_curr].m_n * ull(COants::g_M / le_curr)% COants::g_M));le_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::TwoPower(CRI n){if(COants::g_M == 1){RE zero();}AS(0 <= n && n < int(COants::g_memory_le));ST VE> memory ={one()};ST int le_curr = 1;WH(le_curr <= n){memory.push_back(memory.back()+ memory.back());le_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::TwoPowerInverse(CRI n){if(COants::g_M == 1){RE zero();}AS(0 <= n && n < int(COants::g_memory_le));ST VE> memory ={one()};ST int le_curr = 1;WH(le_curr <= n){auto& m = memory.back().m_n;memory.push_back(DeRP(((m & 1)== 0?m:m + COants::g_M)>> 1));le_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::Factorial(CRL n){AS(0 <= n);if(ll(COants::g_M)<= n){RE zero();}ST VE> memory ={one(),one()};ST int le_curr = 2;WH(le_curr <= n && memory.back().m_n != 0){memory.push_back(memory.back()* DeRP(le_curr));le_curr++;}RE le_curr <= n?memory.back():memory[n];}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::FactorialInverse(CRL n){AS(0 <= n && n < COants::g_M);ST VE> memory ={one(),one()};ST int le_curr = 2;WH(le_curr <= n){memory.push_back(memory[le_curr - 1]* Inverse(le_curr));le_curr++;}RE memory[n];}TE IN DMods DMods::Combination(CRL n,CRL i){RE 0 <= i && i <= n?Factorial(n)* FactorialInverse(i)* FactorialInverse(n - i):zero();}TE IN CRUI DMods::RP()CO NE{RE m_n;}TE IN DMods DMods::DeRP(uint n)NE{DMods n_copy{};n_copy.m_n = MO(n);RE n_copy;}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::zero()NE{ST CO DMods z{};RE z;}TE IN CO DMods& DMods::one()NE{ST CO DMods o{1};RE o;}TE IN CRUI DMods::GetModulo()NE{RE COants::g_M;}TE IN VO DMods::SetModulo(CRUI M,CO bool& M_is_prime)NE{COants::g_M = M;COants::g_memory_le = M < COants::g_memory_bound?M:COants::g_memory_bound;COants::g_M_minus = M - 1;COants::g_M_is_prime = M_is_prime;}TE IN DMods Inverse(CO DMods& n){RE MO(DMods(n).Invert());}TE IN DMods Power(DMods n,ll EX){RE MO(n ^= MO(EX));}TE IN VO swap(DMods& n0,DMods& n1)NE{n0.swap(n1);}TE IN IS& OP>>(IS& is,DMods& n){ll m;is >> m;n = m;RE is;}TE IN OS& OP<<(OS& os,CO DMods& n){RE os << n.RP();} IN int GCD(){RE 0;}TE INT1 GCD(INT1 b_0,INT2... args){b_0 < 0?b_0 = -b_0:b_0;INT1 b_1 = GCD(MO(args)...);WH(b_1 != 0){swap(b_0 %= b_1,b_1);}RE MO(b_0);}TE TY V>INT GCD(V a){INT AN = 0;for(auto& b:a){AN = GCD(MO(AN),MO(b));}RE AN;} #define DF_OF_HASH_FOR_MOD(MOD)IN size_t hash::OP()(CO MOD& n)CO{ST CO hash h;RE h(n.RP());} TE DC_OF_HASH(DMods);TE DF_OF_HASH_FOR_MOD( DMods ); US MP = DMod; /* Iteration (3KB) */ #define SPECIALSATION_OF_AR_PROGRESSION_SUM(TYPE)TE <> IN TYPE ArithmeticProgressionSum(CO TYPE& l,CO TYPE& r,CO TYPE& d){RE SpecialisedArithmeticProgressionSum(l,r,d);} TE TY V,TY OPR> T LeftConnectiveProd(T t,CO V& f,OPR opr){for(auto& u:f){t = opr(MO(t),u);}RE MO(t);}TE TY V> IN T Sum(CO V& f){RE LeftConnectiveProd(T{0},f,[](T t0,CO U& u1){RE MO(t0 += u1);});}TE TY V> IN T Prod(CO V& f){RE LeftConnectiveProd(T{1},f,[](T t0,CO U& u1){RE MO(t0 *= u1);});}TE IN T& SetMax(T& t){RE t;}TE IN T& SetMax(T& t0,CO U& u1,CO Args&... args){RE SetMax(t0 < u1?t0 = u1:t0,args...);}TE IN T& SetMin(T& t){RE t;}TE IN T& SetMin(T& t0,CO U& u1,CO Args&... args){RE SetMin(u1 < t0?t0 = u1:t0,args...);}TE IN CO T& Max(CO VE& f){RE *max_element(f.BE(),f.EN());}TE TY SET> IN CO T& Max(CO SET& f){RE *--f.EN();}TE IN T Max(T t0,CO U& t1,CO Args&... args){RE MO(SetMax(t0,t1,args...));}TE IN CO T& Min(CO VE& f){RE *min_element(f.BE(),f.EN());}TE TY SET> IN CO T& Min(CO SET& f){RE *f.BE();}TE IN T Min(T t0,CO U& t1,CO Args&... args){RE MO(SetMin(t0,t1,args...));}TE T Power(CO T& t,CO UINT& EX,T init = 1){RE EX > 1?Power(t * t,EX >> 1,MO(EX & 1?init *= t:init)):MO(EX > 0?init *= t:(AS(EX == 0),init));}TE IN T PowerMemorisation(CO T& t,CRI EX){AS(EX >= 0);ST Map> memory{};auto& AN = memory[t];if(AN.empty()){AN.push_back(1);}WH(int(AN.SZ())<= EX){AN.push_back(AN.back()* t);}RE AN[EX];}TE IN INT ArithmeticProgressionSum(CO INT& l,CO INT& r,CO INT& d = 1){RE(l + r)*((r - l)/ d + 1)/ 2;}TE IN INT SpecialisedArithmeticProgressionSum(CO INT& l,CO INT& r,CO INT& d){AS(l - 1 <= r);CO INT c =(r - l)/ d;RE l - 1 == r?0:(c & 1)== 0?(c + 1)*(l + d *(c >> 1)):((c + 1)>> 1)*((l << 1)+ d * c);} SPECIALSATION_OF_AR_PROGRESSION_SUM(int); SPECIALSATION_OF_AR_PROGRESSION_SUM(uint); SPECIALSATION_OF_AR_PROGRESSION_SUM(ll); SPECIALSATION_OF_AR_PROGRESSION_SUM(ull); TE IN INT ArithmeticProgressionSum(CO INT& r){RE ArithmeticProgressionSum(INT{},r);}TE IN INT SquareSum(CO INT& r){RE r *(r + 1)*(2 * r + 1)/ 6;}TE IN T GeometricProgressionSum(T rate,UINT EX_max,CO T& init = 1){T rate_minus = rate - 1;RE rate_minus == 0?init * ++EX_max:(Power(MO(rate),MO(++EX_max))- 1)/ MO(rate_minus)* init;}TE T GeometricProgressionLinearCombinationSum(VE rate,VE EX_max,CO VE& init){CO int SZ = init.SZ();AS(int(rate.SZ())== SZ && int(EX_max.SZ())== SZ);T AN{};for(int i = 0;i < SZ;i++){AN += GeometricProgressionSum(MO(rate[i]),MO(EX_max[i]),init[i]);}RE AN;} /* Sqrt (1KB) */ TE INT RoundDownSqrt(CO INT& n){ST_AS(is_same_v || is_same_v || is_same_v || is_same_v);AS(n >= 0);if(n <= 1){RE n;}CE INT r_max = is_same_v?46341:is_same_v?65536:is_same_v?3037000500:4294967296;INT l = 1,r = min(r_max,n);WH(l < r - 1){CO INT m =(l + r)>> 1;(m <= n / m?l:r)= m;}RE l;}TE INT RoundUpSqrt(CO INT& n){ST_AS(is_same_v || is_same_v || is_same_v || is_same_v);AS(n >= 0);if(n <= 2){RE n;}CE INT r_max = is_same_v?46341:is_same_v?65536:is_same_v?3037000500:4294967296;CO INT n_minus = n - 1;INT l = 1,r = min(r_max,n);WH(l + 1 < r){CO INT m =(l + r)>> 1;(m <= n_minus / m?l:r)= m;}RE r;}TE bool IsSquare(CO INT& n){CO INT r = RoundDownSqrt(n);RE n == r * r;} /* Loop (1KB)*/ TE bool NextLoop(CRI SZ,CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_limit,VE& index){int depth = 0;WH(depth < SZ){if(++index[depth]< upper_limit[depth]){break;}index[depth]= lower_bound[depth];depth++;}RE depth < SZ;}TE bool NextLoop(CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_limit,VE& index){RE NextLoop(index.SZ(),lower_bound,upper_limit,index);}TE bool NextLoopEq(CRI SZ,CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_bound,VE& index){int depth = 0;WH(depth < SZ){if(++index[depth]<= upper_bound[depth]){break;}index[depth]= lower_bound[depth];depth++;}RE depth < SZ;}TE bool NextLoopEq(CO VE& lower_bound,CO VE& upper_bound,VE& index){RE NextLoopEq(index.SZ(),lower_bound,upper_bound,index);} /* string (1KB)*/ TE IN char IntToChar(CO INT& i,CO char& c = 'a'){RE c + i;}TE IN INT CharToInt(CO char& i){RE i -(i < 'a'?'A':'a');}TE string ArrayToString(CO VE& A,CO char& c = 'a'){CO int N = A.SZ();string S(N,c);for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){S[i]= IntToChar(A[i],c);}RE S;}TE VE StringToArray(CO string& S){CO int N = S.SZ();VE A(N);for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){A[i]= CharToInt(S[i]);}RE A;}TE string ArrayToParenthesisString(CO VE& A){CO int N = A.SZ();string S(N,'(');for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){AS(0 <= A[i]&& A[i]<= 1);S[i]= "()"[A[i]];}RE S;}TE VE ParenthesisStringToArray(CO string& S){CO int N = S.SZ();VE A(N);for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){A[i]= S[i]- '(';}RE A;} #endif /* AAA 常設ライブラリは以上に挿入する。*/ #define INCLUDE_LIBRARY #include __FILE__ #endif /* INCLUDE_LIBRARY */ #endif /* INCLUDE_SUB */ #endif /* INCLUDE_MAIN */