// BEGIN: main.cpp #line 1 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: my_template.hpp #line 1 "my_template.hpp" #if defined(USE_PCH) #include #else #if defined(__GNUC__) #include #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,unroll-loops") // 環境によってはコンパイル成功かつ実行時エラー #pragma GCC target("avx2,popcnt") #endif #include #include using namespace std; using ll = long long; using u8 = uint8_t; using u16 = uint16_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; using i128 = __int128; using u128 = unsigned __int128; using f128 = __float128; template constexpr bool dependent_false = false; template constexpr T infty = [] { static_assert(dependent_false, "infty is not defined"); return T{}; }(); template <> constexpr int infty = 1'010'000'000; template <> constexpr ll infty = 2'020'000'000'000'000'000; template <> constexpr u32 infty = infty; template <> constexpr u64 infty = infty; template <> constexpr i128 infty = i128(infty) * 2'000'000'000'000'000'000; template <> constexpr double infty = numeric_limits::infinity(); template <> constexpr long double infty = numeric_limits::infinity(); using pi = pair; using vi = vector; template using vc = vector; template using vvc = vector>; template using vvvc = vector>; template using vvvvc = vector>; template using pq_max = priority_queue; template using pq_min = priority_queue, greater>; #define vv(type, name, h, ...) \ vector> name(h, vector(__VA_ARGS__)) #define vvv(type, name, h, w, ...) \ vector>> name( \ h, vector>(w, vector(__VA_ARGS__))) #define vvvv(type, name, a, b, c, ...) \ vector>>> name( \ a, vector>>( \ b, vector>(c, vector(__VA_ARGS__)))) // https://trap.jp/post/1224/ #define FOR1(a) for (ll _ = 0; _ < ll(a); ++_) #define FOR2(i, a) for (ll i = 0; i < ll(a); ++i) #define FOR3(i, a, b) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); ++i) #define FOR4(i, a, b, c) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); i += (c)) #define FOR1_R(a) for (ll i = ll(a) - 1; i >= ll(0); --i) #define FOR2_R(i, a) for (ll i = ll(a) - 1; i >= ll(0); --i) #define FOR3_R(i, a, b) for (ll i = ll(b) - 1; i >= ll(a); --i) #define overload4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define overload3(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define FOR(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, FOR4, FOR3, FOR2, FOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define FOR_R(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__, FOR3_R, FOR2_R, FOR1_R)(__VA_ARGS__) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define len(x) ll(x.size()) #define elif else if #define eb emplace_back #define mp make_pair #define mt make_tuple #define fi first #define se second #define stoi stoll // require y > 0 template T floor(T x, T y) { return x / y - (x % y < 0); } // require y > 0 template T ceil(T x, T y) { return (x / y) + (x % y > 0); } // require y > 0 template T bmod(T x, T y) { T r = x % y; return (r < 0 ? r + y : r); } // require y > 0 template pair divmod(T x, T y) { T q = x / y, r = x % y; if (r < 0) --q, r += y; return {q, r}; } constexpr auto TEN = [] { array A{}; A[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i) A[i] = 10 * A[i - 1]; return A; }(); template T SUM(const U& A) { return std::accumulate(A.begin(), A.end(), T{}); } #define MIN(v) *min_element(all(v)) #define MAX(v) *max_element(all(v)) template inline long long LB(const C& c, const T& x) { return lower_bound(c.begin(), c.end(), x) - c.begin(); } template inline long long UB(const C& c, const T& x) { return upper_bound(c.begin(), c.end(), x) - c.begin(); } #define UNIQUE(x) sort(all(x)), x.erase(unique(all(x)), x.end()) template T POP(deque& que) { T a = que.front(); que.pop_front(); return a; } template T POP(priority_queue& que) { T a = que.top(); que.pop(); return a; } template T POP(vc& que) { T a = que.back(); que.pop_back(); return a; } template ll binary_search(F check, ll ok, ll ng, bool check_ok = true) { if (check_ok) assert(check(ok)); while (1) { ll x = midpoint(ok, ng); if (x == ok || x == ng) break; (check(x) ? ok : ng) = x; } return ok; } template double binary_search_real(F check, double ok, double ng, int iter = 100) { FOR(iter) { double x = midpoint(ok, ng); (check(x) ? ok : ng) = x; } return midpoint(ok, ng); } template inline bool chmax(T& a, const S& b) { T c = max(a, b); bool changed = (c != a); a = c; return changed; } template inline bool chmin(T& a, const S& b) { T c = min(a, b); bool changed = (c != a); a = c; return changed; } // ? は -1 vc s_to_vi(const string& S, char first_char) { vc A(S.size()); FOR(i, S.size()) { A[i] = (S[i] != '?' ? S[i] - first_char : -1); } return A; } template vc cumsum(const vc& A, int off = 1) { int N = A.size(); vc B(N + 1); FOR(i, N) { B[i + 1] = B[i] + A[i]; } if (off == 0) B.erase(B.begin()); return B; } // stable sort template vc argsort(const vc& A) { vc ids(len(A)); iota(all(ids), 0); sort(all(ids), [&](int i, int j) { return (A[i] == A[j] ? i < j : A[i] < A[j]); }); return ids; } // A[I[0]], A[I[1]], ... template vc rearrange(const vc& A, const vc& I) { vc B(len(I)); FOR(i, len(I)) B[i] = A[I[i]]; return B; } template void concat(vc& first, const Vectors&... others) { first.reserve(first.size() + (others.size() + ... + 0)); (first.insert(first.end(), others.begin(), others.end()), ...); } // i128 template , int> = 0> constexpr i128 abs(T x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; } constexpr i128 gcd(i128 a, i128 b) { while (b != 0) { i128 c = a % b; a = b, b = c; } return abs(a); } #endif // END: my_template.hpp #line 2 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: other/io2.hpp #line 1 "other/io2.hpp" #define INT(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ IN(__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) \ ll __VA_ARGS__; \ IN(__VA_ARGS__) #define STR(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ IN(__VA_ARGS__) #define CHR(...) \ char __VA_ARGS__; \ IN(__VA_ARGS__) #define DBL(...) \ long double __VA_ARGS__; \ IN(__VA_ARGS__) #define VEC(type, name, size) \ vector name(size); \ read(name) #define VV(type, name, h, w) \ vector> name(h, vector(w)); \ read(name) void read(int& a) { cin >> a; } void read(long long& a) { cin >> a; } void read(char& a) { cin >> a; } void read(double& a) { cin >> a; } void read(long double& a) { cin >> a; } void read(string& a) { cin >> a; } template void read(pair& p) { read(p.first), read(p.second); } template void read(vector& a) { for (auto& i : a) read(i); } template void read(T& a) { cin >> a; } void IN() {} template void IN(Head& head, Tail&... tail) { read(head); IN(tail...); } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair& A) { os << A.fi << " " << A.se; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector& A) { for (size_t i = 0; i < A.size(); i++) { if (i) os << " "; os << A[i]; } return os; } class CoutInitializer { public: CoutInitializer() { std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(15); } }; static CoutInitializer cout_initializer; void print() { cout << "\n"; cout.flush(); } template void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cout << head; if (sizeof...(Tail)) cout << " "; print(forward(tail)...); } #if defined(LOCAL) template inline void _show_pack(const char* func, int line, const char* names, Ts&&... args) { // [DEBUG] solve:123 のように先頭に出す cout << "[DEBUG " << func << ':' << line << "] "; const char* p = names; bool first = true; auto next_token = [&]() -> std::pair { while (*p == ' ' || *p == ',') ++p; const char* l = p; while (*p && *p != ',') ++p; const char* r = p; return {l, r}; }; ( [&] { auto [l, r] = next_token(); while (r > l && r[-1] == ' ') --r; if (!first) cout << ' '; first = false; std::string name(l, r); cout << name << " = " << args; }(), ...); print(); } #define SHOW(...) _show_pack(__func__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__) #else #define SHOW(...) #endif void YES(bool t = 1) { print(t ? "YES" : "NO"); } void NO(bool t = 1) { YES(!t); } void Yes(bool t = 1) { print(t ? "Yes" : "No"); } void No(bool t = 1) { Yes(!t); } void yes(bool t = 1) { print(t ? "yes" : "no"); } void no(bool t = 1) { yes(!t); } // END: other/io2.hpp #line 3 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: poly/fps_pow.hpp #line 1 "poly/fps_pow.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/count_terms.hpp #line 1 "poly/count_terms.hpp" template int count_terms(const vc& f) { int t = 0; FOR(i, len(f)) if (f[i] != mint(0))++ t; return t; } // END: poly/count_terms.hpp #line 3 "poly/fps_pow.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/fps_exp.hpp #line 1 "poly/fps_exp.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/convolution.hpp #line 1 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: mod/modint.hpp #line 1 "mod/modint.hpp" // BEGIN: mod/modint_common.hpp #line 1 "mod/modint_common.hpp" // BEGIN: other/bit.hpp #line 1 "other/bit.hpp" int popcnt(int x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); } int popcnt(u32 x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); } int popcnt(ll x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); } int popcnt(u64 x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); } int popcnt_sgn(int x) { return (__builtin_parity(unsigned(x)) & 1 ? -1 : 1); } int popcnt_sgn(u32 x) { return (__builtin_parity(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); } int popcnt_sgn(ll x) { return (__builtin_parityll(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); } int popcnt_sgn(u64 x) { return (__builtin_parityll(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); } // (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 1, 2) int topbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); } int topbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); } int topbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } int topbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } // (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 0, 2) int lowbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); } int lowbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); } int lowbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); } int lowbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); } template T kth_bit(int k) { return T(1) << k; } template bool has_kth_bit(T x, int k) { return x >> k & 1; } template struct all_bit { UINT s; all_bit(UINT s) : s(s) {} struct iter { UINT s; int operator*() const { return lowbit(s); } void operator++() { s &= s - 1; } bool operator!=(nullptr_t) const { return s; } }; iter begin() const { return {s}; } nullptr_t end() const { return nullptr; } }; template struct all_subset { UINT s; all_subset(UINT s) : s(s) {} struct iter { UINT s, t; bool done = false; UINT operator*() const { return t; } void operator++() { done = (t == 0); t = (t - 1) & s; } bool operator!=(nullptr_t) const { return !done; } }; iter begin() const { return {s, s}; } nullptr_t end() const { return nullptr; } }; constexpr u64 full_mask(int n) { return n == 64 ? -1ULL : (1ULL << n) - 1; } // END: other/bit.hpp #line 4 "mod/modint_common.hpp" struct has_mod_impl { template static auto check(T&& x) -> decltype(x.get_mod(), std::true_type{}); template static auto check(...) -> std::false_type; }; template class has_mod : public decltype(has_mod_impl::check(std::declval())) {}; template mint fact(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); assert(0 <= n && n < mod); static vector dat = {1, 1}; if (len(dat) <= n) { int now = len(dat); int m = min(mod, 1 << (topbit(n) + 1)); dat.resize(m); FOR(i, now, m) dat[i] = dat[i - 1] * mint::raw(i); } return dat[n]; } template mint fact_inv(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); static vector dat = {1, 1}; if (n < 0) return mint(0); if (len(dat) <= n) { int now = len(dat); int m = min(mod, 1 << (topbit(n) + 1)); dat.resize(m); dat[m - 1] = fact(m - 1).inverse(); FOR_R(i, now, m - 1) dat[i] = dat[i + 1] * mint::raw(i + 1); } return dat[n]; } template mint fact_invs(Ts... xs) { return (mint(1) * ... * fact_inv(xs)); } template mint inv(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); assert(1 <= n && n < mod); return fact(n - 1) * fact_inv(n); } template <> double inv(int n) { assert(n != 0); return 1.0 / n; } template mint multinomial(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { return fact(head) * fact_invs(std::forward(tail)...); } template mint C_dense(int n, int k) { assert(n >= 0); if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; static vvc C; static int H = 0, W = 0; auto calc = [&](int i, int j) -> mint { if (i == 0) return (j == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0)); return C[i - 1][j] + (j ? C[i - 1][j - 1] : 0); }; if (W <= k) { FOR(i, H) { C[i].resize(k + 1); FOR(j, W, k + 1) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); } } W = k + 1; } if (H <= n) { C.resize(n + 1); FOR(i, H, n + 1) { C[i].resize(W); FOR(j, W) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); } } H = n + 1; } return C[n][k]; } template mint C(ll n, ll k) { assert(n >= 0); if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; if constexpr (dense) return C_dense(n, k); if constexpr (!large) return multinomial(n, k, n - k); k = min(k, n - k); mint x(1); FOR(i, k) x *= mint(n - i); return x * fact_inv(k); } template mint C_inv(ll n, ll k) { assert(n >= 0); assert(0 <= k && k <= n); if (!large) return fact_inv(n) * fact(k) * fact(n - k); return mint(1) / C(n, k); } // [x^d](1-x)^{-n} template mint C_negative(ll n, ll d) { assert(n >= 0); if (d < 0) return mint(0); if (n == 0) { return (d == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0)); } return C(n + d - 1, d); } // END: mod/modint_common.hpp #line 3 "mod/modint.hpp" template struct modint { static constexpr u32 umod = u32(mod); static_assert(umod < u32(1) << 31); u32 val; static modint raw(u32 v) { modint x; x.val = v; return x; } constexpr modint() : val(0) {} constexpr modint(u32 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u64 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u128 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(int x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(ll x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(i128 x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; bool operator<(const modint& other) const { return val < other.val; } modint& operator+=(const modint& p) { if ((val += p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint& operator-=(const modint& p) { if ((val += umod - p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint& operator*=(const modint& p) { val = u64(val) * p.val % umod; return *this; } modint& operator/=(const modint& p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } modint operator-() const { return modint::raw(val ? mod - val : u32(0)); } modint operator+(const modint& p) const { return modint(*this) += p; } modint operator-(const modint& p) const { return modint(*this) -= p; } modint operator*(const modint& p) const { return modint(*this) *= p; } modint operator/(const modint& p) const { return modint(*this) /= p; } bool operator==(const modint& p) const { return val == p.val; } bool operator!=(const modint& p) const { return val != p.val; } modint inverse() const { int a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v); } return modint(u); } modint pow(ll n) const { if (n < 0) return inverse().pow(-n); assert(n >= 0); modint ret(1), mul(val); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } static constexpr int get_mod() { return mod; } // (n, r), r は 1 の 2^n 乗根 static constexpr pair ntt_info() { if (mod == 120586241) return {20, 74066978}; if (mod == 167772161) return {25, 17}; if (mod == 469762049) return {26, 30}; if (mod == 754974721) return {24, 362}; if (mod == 880803841) return {23, 211}; if (mod == 943718401) return {22, 663003469}; if (mod == 998244353) return {23, 31}; if (mod == 1004535809) return {21, 582313106}; if (mod == 1012924417) return {21, 368093570}; if (mod == 1224736769) return {24, 1191450770}; if (mod == 2013265921) return {27, 244035102}; return {-1, -1}; } static constexpr bool can_ntt() { return ntt_info().fi != -1; } }; #ifdef FASTIO template void rd(modint& x) { fastio::rd(x.val); x.val %= mod; // assert(0 <= x.val && x.val < mod); } template void wt(modint x) { fastio::wt(x.val); } #endif using modint107 = modint<1000000007>; using modint998 = modint<998244353>; // END: mod/modint.hpp #line 4 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: mod/mod_inv.hpp #line 1 "mod/mod_inv.hpp" // long でも大丈夫 // (val * x - 1) が mod の倍数になるようにする // 特に mod=0 なら x=0 が満たす ll mod_inv(ll val, ll mod) { if (mod == 0) return 0; mod = abs(mod); val %= mod; if (val < 0) val += mod; ll a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v); } if (u < 0) u += mod; return u; } // END: mod/mod_inv.hpp #line 5 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: mod/crt3.hpp #line 1 "mod/crt3.hpp" constexpr u32 mod_pow_constexpr(u64 a, u64 n, u32 mod) { a %= mod; u64 res = 1; FOR(32) { if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod; a = a * a % mod, n /= 2; } return res; } template T CRT2(u64 a0, u64 a1) { static_assert(p0 < p1); static constexpr u64 x0_1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x0_1 % p1; return a0 + c * p0; } template T CRT3(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; return T(ans_1) + T(c) * T(p01); } template T CRT4(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast(p01); c = (a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3; return T(ans_2) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p2); } template T CRT5(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3, u64 a4) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3 && p3 < p4); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3); static constexpr u64 x4 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p4 * p2 % p4 * p3 % p4, p4 - 2, p4); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; static constexpr u64 p23 = u64(p2) * p3; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast(p01); c = static_cast(a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3; u128 ans_3 = ans_2 + static_cast(c * p2) * p01; c = static_cast(a4 - ans_3 % p4 + p4) * x4 % p4; return T(ans_3) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p23); } // END: mod/crt3.hpp #line 6 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/convolution_naive.hpp #line 1 "poly/convolution_naive.hpp" template ::value>::type* = nullptr> vc convolution_naive(const vc& a, const vc& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vector ans(n + m - 1); FOR(i, n) FOR(j, m) ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; return ans; } template ::value>::type* = nullptr> vc convolution_naive(const vc& a, const vc& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vc ans(n + m - 1); if (n <= 16 && (T::get_mod() < (1 << 30))) { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u64 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = sm; } } else { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u128 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = T::raw(sm % T::get_mod()); } } return ans; } // END: poly/convolution_naive.hpp #line 7 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp #line 1 "poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp" #line 2 "poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp" // 任意の環でできる template vc convolution_karatsuba(const vc& f, const vc& g) { const int thresh = 30; if (min(len(f), len(g)) <= thresh) return convolution_naive(f, g); int n = max(len(f), len(g)); int m = ceil(n, 2); vc f1, f2, g1, g2; if (len(f) < m) f1 = f; if (len(f) >= m) f1 = {f.begin(), f.begin() + m}; if (len(f) >= m) f2 = {f.begin() + m, f.end()}; if (len(g) < m) g1 = g; if (len(g) >= m) g1 = {g.begin(), g.begin() + m}; if (len(g) >= m) g2 = {g.begin() + m, g.end()}; vc a = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc b = convolution_karatsuba(f2, g2); FOR(i, len(f2)) f1[i] += f2[i]; FOR(i, len(g2)) g1[i] += g2[i]; vc c = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc F(len(f) + len(g) - 1); assert(2 * m + len(b) <= len(F)); FOR(i, len(a)) F[i] += a[i], c[i] -= a[i]; FOR(i, len(b)) F[2 * m + i] += b[i], c[i] -= b[i]; if (c.back() == T(0)) c.pop_back(); FOR(i, len(c)) if (c[i] != T(0)) F[m + i] += c[i]; return F; } // END: poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp #line 8 "poly/convolution.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/ntt.hpp #line 1 "poly/ntt.hpp" #line 3 "poly/ntt.hpp" template void ntt(vector& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const u32 mod = mint::get_mod(); static array root, iroot; static array rate2, irate2; static array rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (h - len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * rot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * rot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * rot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * imag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = h; while (len) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * irot.val; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len + 2); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * iimag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * irot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * irot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * irot3.val; } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } } // END: poly/ntt.hpp #line 9 "poly/convolution.hpp" template vector convolution_ntt(vector a, vector b) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {}; int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); int sz = 1; while (sz < n + m - 1) sz *= 2; // sz = 2^k のときの高速化。分割統治的なやつで損しまくるので。 if ((n + m - 3) <= sz / 2) { auto a_last = a.back(), b_last = b.back(); a.pop_back(), b.pop_back(); auto c = convolution(a, b); c.resize(n + m - 1); c[n + m - 2] = a_last * b_last; FOR(i, len(a)) c[i + len(b)] += a[i] * b_last; FOR(i, len(b)) c[i + len(a)] += b[i] * a_last; return c; } a.resize(sz), b.resize(sz); bool same = a == b; ntt(a, 0); if (same) { b = a; } else { ntt(b, 0); } FOR(i, sz) a[i] *= b[i]; ntt(a, 1); a.resize(n + m - 1); return a; } template vector convolution_garner(const vector& a, const vector& b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; static constexpr int p0 = 167772161; static constexpr int p1 = 469762049; static constexpr int p2 = 754974721; using mint0 = modint; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; vc a0(n), b0(m); vc a1(n), b1(m); vc a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a0[i] = a[i].val, a1[i] = a[i].val, a2[i] = a[i].val; FOR(i, m) b0[i] = b[i].val, b1[i] = b[i].val, b2[i] = b[i].val; auto c0 = convolution_ntt(a0, b0); auto c1 = convolution_ntt(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt(a2, b2); vc c(len(c0)); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { c[i] = CRT3(c0[i].val, c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return c; } vector convolution(vector a, vector b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (min(n, m) <= 2500) return convolution_naive(a, b); ll mi_a = MIN(a), mi_b = MIN(b); for (auto& x : a) x -= mi_a; for (auto& x : b) x -= mi_b; assert(MAX(a) * MAX(b) <= 1e18); auto Ac = cumsum(a), Bc = cumsum(b); vi res(n + m - 1); for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); res[k] += (t - s) * mi_a * mi_b; res[k] += mi_a * (Bc[k - s + 1] - Bc[k - t + 1]); res[k] += mi_b * (Ac[t] - Ac[s]); } static constexpr u32 MOD1 = 1004535809; static constexpr u32 MOD2 = 1012924417; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; vc a1(n), b1(m); vc a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a1[i] = a[i], a2[i] = a[i]; FOR(i, m) b1[i] = b[i], b2[i] = b[i]; auto c1 = convolution_ntt(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt(a2, b2); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { res[i] += CRT2(c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return res; } template vc convolution(const vc& a, const vc& b) { if (mint::get_mod() == 2) { vc aa, bb; for (auto& x : a) aa.eb(x.val); for (auto& x : b) bb.eb(x.val); aa = convolution(aa, bb); vc ANS(len(aa)); FOR(i, len(aa)) ANS[i] = aa[i].val & 1; return ANS; } int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (mint::can_ntt()) { if (min(n, m) <= 50) return convolution_karatsuba(a, b); return convolution_ntt(a, b); } if (min(n, m) <= 200) return convolution_karatsuba(a, b); return convolution_garner(a, b); } // END: poly/convolution.hpp #line 3 "poly/fps_exp.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/integrate.hpp #line 1 "poly/integrate.hpp" // 不定積分:integrate(f) // 定積分:integrate(f, L, R) template vc integrate(const vc& f) { vc g(len(f) + 1); FOR3(i, 1, len(g)) g[i] = f[i - 1] * inv(i); return g; } // 不定積分:integrate(f) // 定積分:integrate(f, L, R) template mint integrate(const vc& f, mint L, mint R) { mint I = 0; mint pow_L = 1, pow_R = 1; FOR(i, len(f)) { pow_L *= L, pow_R *= R; I += inv(i + 1) * f[i] * (pow_R - pow_L); } return I; } // END: poly/integrate.hpp #line 4 "poly/fps_exp.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/differentiate.hpp #line 1 "poly/differentiate.hpp" template vc differentiate(const vc& f) { if (len(f) <= 1) return {}; vc g(len(f) - 1); FOR(i, len(g)) g[i] = f[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); return g; } // END: poly/differentiate.hpp #line 5 "poly/fps_exp.hpp" #line 6 "poly/fps_exp.hpp" template vc fps_exp_sparse(vc& f) { if (len(f) == 0) return {mint(1)}; assert(f[0] == 0); int N = len(f); // df を持たせる vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i - 1, mint(i) * f[i]); vc F(N); F[0] = 1; FOR(n, 1, N) { mint rhs = 0; for (auto&& [k, fk] : dat) { if (k > n - 1) break; rhs += fk * F[n - 1 - k]; } F[n] = rhs * inv(n); } return F; } template vc fps_exp_dense(vc& h) { const int n = len(h); assert(n > 0 && h[0] == mint(0)); if (mint::can_ntt()) { vc& f = h; vc b = {1, (1 < n ? f[1] : 0)}; vc c = {1}, z1, z2 = {1, 1}; while (len(b) < n) { int m = len(b); auto y = b; y.resize(2 * m); ntt(y, 0); z1 = z2; vc z(m); FOR(i, m) z[i] = y[i] * z1[i]; ntt(z, 1); FOR(i, m / 2) z[i] = 0; ntt(z, 0); FOR(i, m) z[i] *= -z1[i]; ntt(z, 1); c.insert(c.end(), z.begin() + m / 2, z.end()); z2 = c; z2.resize(2 * m); ntt(z2, 0); vc x(f.begin(), f.begin() + m); FOR(i, len(x) - 1) x[i] = x[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); x.back() = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m) x[i] *= y[i]; ntt(x, 1); FOR(i, m - 1) x[i] -= b[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); x.resize(m + m); FOR(i, m - 1) x[m + i] = x[i], x[i] = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m + m) x[i] *= z2[i]; ntt(x, 1); FOR_R(i, len(x) - 1) x[i + 1] = x[i] * inv(i + 1); x[0] = 0; FOR3(i, m, min(n, m + m)) x[i] += f[i]; FOR(i, m) x[i] = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m + m) x[i] *= y[i]; ntt(x, 1); b.insert(b.end(), x.begin() + m, x.end()); } b.resize(n); return b; } const int L = len(h); assert(L > 0 && h[0] == mint(0)); int LOG = 0; while (1 << LOG < L) ++LOG; h.resize(1 << LOG); auto dh = differentiate(h); vc f = {1}, g = {1}; int m = 1; vc p; FOR(LOG) { p = convolution(f, g); p.resize(m); p = convolution(p, g); p.resize(m); g.resize(m); FOR(i, m) g[i] += g[i] - p[i]; p = {dh.begin(), dh.begin() + m - 1}; p = convolution(f, p); p.resize(m + m - 1); FOR(i, m + m - 1) p[i] = -p[i]; FOR(i, m - 1) p[i] += mint(i + 1) * f[i + 1]; p = convolution(p, g); p.resize(m + m - 1); FOR(i, m - 1) p[i] += dh[i]; p = integrate(p); FOR(i, m + m) p[i] = h[i] - p[i]; p[0] += mint(1); f = convolution(f, p); f.resize(m + m); m += m; } f.resize(L); return f; } template vc fps_exp(vc& f) { int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 320 : 3000); return (n <= t ? fps_exp_sparse(f) : fps_exp_dense(f)); } // END: poly/fps_exp.hpp #line 4 "poly/fps_pow.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/fps_log.hpp #line 1 "poly/fps_log.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/fps_inv.hpp #line 1 "poly/fps_inv.hpp" #line 3 "poly/fps_inv.hpp" #line 4 "poly/fps_inv.hpp" template vc fps_inv_sparse(const vc& f) { int N = len(f); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc g(N); mint g0 = mint(1) / f[0]; g[0] = g0; FOR(n, 1, N) { mint rhs = 0; for (auto&& [k, fk] : dat) { if (k > n) break; rhs -= fk * g[n - k]; } g[n] = rhs * g0; } return g; } template vc fps_inv_dense_ntt(const vc& F) { vc G = {mint(1) / F[0]}; ll N = len(F), n = 1; G.reserve(N); while (n < N) { vc f(2 * n), g(2 * n); FOR(i, min(N, 2 * n)) f[i] = F[i]; FOR(i, n) g[i] = G[i]; ntt(f, false), ntt(g, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n) f[i] = 0; ntt(f, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n, min(N, 2 * n)) G.eb(-f[i]); n *= 2; } return G; } template vc fps_inv_dense(const vc& F) { if (mint::can_ntt()) return fps_inv_dense_ntt(F); const int N = len(F); vc R = {mint(1) / F[0]}; vc p; int m = 1; while (m < N) { p = convolution(R, R); p.resize(m + m); vc f = {F.begin(), F.begin() + min(m + m, N)}; p = convolution(p, f); R.resize(m + m); FOR(i, m + m) R[i] = R[i] + R[i] - p[i]; m += m; } R.resize(N); return R; } template vc fps_inv(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] != mint(0)); int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 160 : 820); return (n <= t ? fps_inv_sparse(f) : fps_inv_dense(f)); } // END: poly/fps_inv.hpp #line 4 "poly/fps_log.hpp" #line 5 "poly/fps_log.hpp" template vc fps_log_dense(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); ll N = len(f); vc df = f; FOR(i, N) df[i] *= mint(i); df.erase(df.begin()); auto f_inv = fps_inv(f); auto g = convolution(df, f_inv); g.resize(N - 1); g.insert(g.begin(), 0); FOR(i, 1, N) g[i] *= inv(i); return g; } template vc fps_log_sparse(const vc& f) { int N = f.size(); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc F(N); vc g(N - 1); for (int n = 0; n < N - 1; ++n) { mint rhs = mint(n + 1) * f[n + 1]; for (auto&& [i, fi] : dat) { if (i > n) break; rhs -= fi * g[n - i]; } g[n] = rhs; F[n + 1] = rhs * inv(n + 1); } return F; } template vc fps_log(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 200 : 1200); return (n <= t ? fps_log_sparse(f) : fps_log_dense(f)); } // END: poly/fps_log.hpp #line 5 "poly/fps_pow.hpp" // fps の k 乗を求める。k >= 0 の前提である。 // 定数項が 1 で、k が mint の場合には、fps_pow_1 を使うこと。 // ・dense な場合: log, exp を使う O(NlogN) // ・sparse な場合: O(NK) template vc fps_pow(const vc& f, ll k) { assert(0 <= k); int n = len(f); if (k == 0) { vc g(n); g[0] = mint(1); return g; } int d = n; FOR_R(i, n) if (f[i] != 0) d = i; // d * k >= n if (d >= ceil(n, k)) { vc g(n); return g; } ll off = d * k; mint c = f[d]; mint c_inv = mint(1) / mint(c); vc g(n - off); FOR(i, n - off) g[i] = f[d + i] * c_inv; g = fps_pow_1(g, mint(k)); vc h(n); c = c.pow(k); FOR(i, len(g)) h[off + i] = g[i] * c; return h; } template vc fps_pow_1_sparse(const vc& f, mint K) { int N = len(f); assert(N == 0 || f[0] == mint(1)); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc g(N); g[0] = 1; FOR(n, N - 1) { mint& x = g[n + 1]; for (auto&& [d, cf] : dat) { if (d > n + 1) break; mint t = cf * g[n - d + 1]; x += t * (K * mint(d) - mint(n - d + 1)); } x *= inv(n + 1); } return g; } template vc fps_pow_1_dense(const vc& f, mint K) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); auto log_f = fps_log(f); FOR(i, len(f)) log_f[i] *= K; return fps_exp_dense(log_f); } template vc fps_pow_1(const vc& f, mint K) { int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 100 : 1300); return (n <= t ? fps_pow_1_sparse(f, K) : fps_pow_1_dense(f, K)); } // END: poly/fps_pow.hpp #line 5 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: poly/composition.hpp #line 1 "poly/composition.hpp" #line 4 "poly/composition.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/poly_taylor_shift.hpp #line 1 "poly/poly_taylor_shift.hpp" // BEGIN: mod/powertable.hpp #line 1 "mod/powertable.hpp" // BEGIN: nt/primetable.hpp #line 1 "nt/primetable.hpp" template vc primetable(int LIM) { ++LIM; const int S = 32768; static int done = 2; static vc primes = {2}, sieve(S + 1); if (done < LIM) { done = LIM; primes = {2}, sieve.assign(S + 1, 0); const int R = LIM / 2; primes.reserve(int(LIM / log(LIM) * 1.1)); vc> cp; for (int i = 3; i <= S; i += 2) { if (!sieve[i]) { cp.eb(i, i * i / 2); for (int j = i * i; j <= S; j += 2 * i) sieve[j] = 1; } } for (int L = 1; L <= R; L += S) { array block{}; for (auto& [p, idx] : cp) for (int i = idx; i < S + L; idx = (i += p)) block[i - L] = 1; FOR(i, min(S, R - L)) if (!block[i]) primes.eb((L + i) * 2 + 1); } } int k = LB(primes, LIM + 1); return {primes.begin(), primes.begin() + k}; } // END: nt/primetable.hpp #line 3 "mod/powertable.hpp" // a^0, ..., a^N template vc powertable_1(mint a, ll N) { // table of a^i vc f(N + 1, 1); FOR(i, N) f[i + 1] = a * f[i]; return f; } // 0^e, ..., N^e template vc powertable_2(ll e, ll N) { auto primes = primetable(N); vc f(N + 1, 1); f[0] = mint(0).pow(e); for (auto&& p : primes) { if (p > N) break; mint xp = mint(p).pow(e); ll pp = p; while (pp <= N) { ll i = pp; while (i <= N) { f[i] *= xp; i += pp; } pp *= p; } } return f; } // END: mod/powertable.hpp #line 4 "poly/poly_taylor_shift.hpp" #line 5 "poly/poly_taylor_shift.hpp" // f(x) -> f(x+c) template vc poly_taylor_shift(vc f, mint c) { if (c == mint(0)) return f; ll N = len(f); FOR(i, N) f[i] *= fact(i); auto b = powertable_1(c, N); FOR(i, N) b[i] *= fact_inv(i); reverse(all(f)); f = convolution(f, b); f.resize(N); reverse(all(f)); FOR(i, N) f[i] *= fact_inv(i); return f; } // END: poly/poly_taylor_shift.hpp #line 5 "poly/composition.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/transposed_ntt.hpp #line 1 "poly/transposed_ntt.hpp" template void transposed_ntt(vector& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const u32 mod = mint::get_mod(); static array root, iroot; static array rate2, irate2; static array rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = h; while (len > 0) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * rot.val; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { int offset = s << (h - len + 2); mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * imag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * rot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * rot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * rot3.val; } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (len == h - 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * irot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * irot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * irot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * irot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * iimag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } } // END: poly/transposed_ntt.hpp #line 6 "poly/composition.hpp" template vc composition_old(vc& Q, vc& P) { int n = len(P); assert(len(P) == len(Q)); int k = 1; while (k * k < n) ++k; // compute powers of P vv(mint, pow1, k + 1); pow1[0] = {1}; pow1[1] = P; FOR3(i, 2, k + 1) { pow1[i] = convolution(pow1[i - 1], pow1[1]); pow1[i].resize(n); } vv(mint, pow2, k + 1); pow2[0] = {1}; pow2[1] = pow1[k]; FOR3(i, 2, k + 1) { pow2[i] = convolution(pow2[i - 1], pow2[1]); pow2[i].resize(n); } vc ANS(n); FOR(i, k + 1) { vc f(n); FOR(j, k) { if (k * i + j < len(Q)) { mint coef = Q[k * i + j]; FOR(d, len(pow1[j])) f[d] += pow1[j][d] * coef; } } f = convolution(f, pow2[i]); f.resize(n); FOR(d, n) ANS[d] += f[d]; } return ANS; } // f(g(x)), O(Nlog^2N) template vc composition_0_ntt(vc f, vc g) { assert(len(f) == len(g)); if (f.empty()) return {}; int n0 = len(f); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; f.resize(n), g.resize(n); vc W(n); { // bit reverse order vc btr(n); int log = topbit(n); FOR(i, n) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (log - 1)); } int t = mint::ntt_info().fi; mint r = mint::ntt_info().se; mint dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (2 * n)); mint w = 1; for (auto& i : btr) { W[i] = w, w *= dw; } } auto rec = [&](auto& rec, int n, int k, vc& Q) -> vc { if (n == 1) { reverse(all(f)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); mint c = mint(1) / mint(k); for (auto& x : f) x *= c; vc p(4 * k); FOR(i, k) p[2 * i] = f[i]; return p; } auto doubling_y = [&](vc& A, int l, int r, bool t) -> void { mint z = W[k / 2].inverse(); vc f(k); if (!t) { FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * j + i]; ntt(f, 1); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; ntt(f, 0); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * (k + j) + i] = f[j]; } } else { FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * (k + j) + i]; transposed_ntt(f, 0); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; transposed_ntt(f, 1); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * j + i] += f[j]; } } }; auto FFT_x = [&](vc& A, int l, int r, bool t) -> void { vc f(2 * n); if (!t) { FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } } else { FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); transposed_ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } } }; if (n <= k) doubling_y(Q, 1, n, 0), FFT_x(Q, 0, 2 * k, 0); if (n > k) FFT_x(Q, 0, k, 0), doubling_y(Q, 0, 2 * n, 0); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) Q[i] += 1; FOR(i, 2 * n * k, 4 * n * k) Q[i] -= 1; vc nxt_Q(4 * n * k); vc F(2 * n), G(2 * n), f(n), g(n); FOR(j, 2 * k) { move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); FOR(i, n) { g[i] = G[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1]; } ntt(g, 1); move(g.begin(), g.begin() + n / 2, nxt_Q.begin() + n * j); } FOR(j, 4 * k) nxt_Q[n * j] = 0; vc p = rec(rec, n / 2, k * 2, nxt_Q); FOR_R(j, 2 * k) { move(p.begin() + n * j, p.begin() + n * j + n / 2, f.begin()); move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); fill(f.begin() + n / 2, f.end(), mint(0)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); FOR(i, n) { f[i] *= W[i]; F[2 * i] = G[2 * i + 1] * f[i], F[2 * i + 1] = -G[2 * i] * f[i]; } move(F.begin(), F.end(), p.begin() + 2 * n * j); } if (n <= k) FFT_x(p, 0, 2 * k, 1), doubling_y(p, 0, n, 1); if (n > k) doubling_y(p, 0, 2 * n, 1), FFT_x(p, 0, k, 1); return p; }; vc Q(4 * n); FOR(i, n) Q[i] = -g[i]; vc p = rec(rec, n, 1, Q); p.resize(n); reverse(all(p)); p.resize(n0); return p; } template vc composition_0_garner(vc f, vc g) { constexpr u32 ps[] = {167772161, 469762049, 754974721}; using mint0 = modint; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; auto rec = [&](auto& rec, int n, int k, vc Q) -> vc { if (n == 1) { vc p(2 * k); reverse(all(f)); FOR(i, k) p[2 * i] = f[i]; return p; } vc Q0(4 * n * k), R0(4 * n * k), p0(4 * n * k); vc Q1(4 * n * k), R1(4 * n * k), p1(4 * n * k); vc Q2(4 * n * k), R2(4 * n * k), p2(4 * n * k); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { Q0[i] = Q[i].val, R0[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); Q1[i] = Q[i].val, R1[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); Q2[i] = Q[i].val, R2[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); } ntt(Q0, 0), ntt(Q1, 0), ntt(Q2, 0), ntt(R0, 0), ntt(R1, 0), ntt(R2, 0); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) Q0[i] *= R0[i], Q1[i] *= R1[i], Q2[i] *= R2[i]; ntt(Q0, 1), ntt(Q1, 1), ntt(Q2, 1); vc QQ(4 * n * k); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) { QQ[i] = CRT3(Q0[i].val, Q1[i].val, Q2[i].val); } FOR(i, 0, 2 * n * k, 2) { QQ[2 * n * k + i] += Q[i] + Q[i]; } vc nxt_Q(2 * n * k); FOR(j, 2 * k) FOR(i, n / 2) { nxt_Q[n * j + i] = QQ[(2 * n) * j + (2 * i + 0)]; } vc nxt_p = rec(rec, n / 2, k * 2, nxt_Q); vc pq(4 * n * k); FOR(j, 2 * k) FOR(i, n / 2) { pq[(2 * n) * j + (2 * i + 1)] += nxt_p[n * j + i]; } vc p(2 * n * k); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { p[i] += pq[2 * n * k + i]; } FOR(i, 4 * n * k) { p0[i] += pq[i].val, p1[i] += pq[i].val, p2[i] += pq[i].val; } transposed_ntt(p0, 1), transposed_ntt(p1, 1), transposed_ntt(p2, 1); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) p0[i] *= R0[i], p1[i] *= R1[i], p2[i] *= R2[i]; transposed_ntt(p0, 0), transposed_ntt(p1, 0), transposed_ntt(p2, 0); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { p[i] += CRT3(p0[i].val, p1[i].val, p2[i].val); } return p; }; assert(len(f) == len(g)); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; int out_len = len(f); f.resize(n), g.resize(n); int k = 1; vc Q(2 * n); FOR(i, n) Q[i] = -g[i]; vc p = rec(rec, n, k, Q); vc output(n); FOR(i, n) output[i] = p[i]; reverse(all(output)); output.resize(out_len); return output; } template vc composition(vc f, vc g) { assert(len(f) == len(g)); if (f.empty()) return {}; // [x^0]g=0 に帰着しておく if (g[0] != mint(0)) { f = poly_taylor_shift(f, g[0]); g[0] = 0; } if (mint::can_ntt()) { return composition_0_ntt(f, g); } return composition_0_garner(f, g); } // END: poly/composition.hpp #line 6 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: poly/compositional_inverse.hpp #line 1 "poly/compositional_inverse.hpp" #line 2 "poly/compositional_inverse.hpp" // #include "poly/composition.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/fps_div.hpp #line 1 "poly/fps_div.hpp" #line 4 "poly/fps_div.hpp" #line 5 "poly/fps_div.hpp" // f/g. f の長さで出力される. template vc fps_div(vc f, vc g) { if (SPARSE || count_terms(g) < 200) return fps_div_sparse(f, g); int n = len(f); g.resize(n); g = fps_inv(g); f = convolution(f, g); f.resize(n); return f; } // f/g ただし g は sparse template vc fps_div_sparse(vc f, vc& g) { if (g[0] != mint(1)) { mint cf = g[0].inverse(); for (auto&& x : f) x *= cf; for (auto&& x : g) x *= cf; } vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, len(g)) if (g[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, -g[i]); FOR(i, len(f)) { for (auto&& [j, x] : dat) { if (i >= j) f[i] += x * f[i - j]; } } return f; } // END: poly/fps_div.hpp #line 4 "poly/compositional_inverse.hpp" #line 5 "poly/compositional_inverse.hpp" // BEGIN: poly/power_projection.hpp #line 1 "poly/power_projection.hpp" #line 4 "poly/power_projection.hpp" template vc power_projection_0_ntt(vc wt, vc f, int m) { assert(len(f) == len(wt) && f[0] == mint(0)); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; for (auto& x : f) x = -x; f.resize(n), wt.resize(n); reverse(all(wt)); vc&P = wt, &Q = f; P.resize(4 * n), Q.resize(4 * n); vc W(n); { // bit reverse order vc btr(n); int log = topbit(n); FOR(i, n) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (log - 1)); } int t = mint::ntt_info().fi; mint r = mint::ntt_info().se; mint dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (2 * n)); mint w = 1; for (auto& i : btr) { W[i] = w, w *= dw; } } int k = 1; while (n > 1) { /* FFT step 04.. -> 048c 15.. -> 159d .... -> 26ae .... -> 37bf */ auto doubling_y = [&](vc& A, int l, int r) -> void { mint z = W[k / 2].inverse(); vc f(k); FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * j + i]; ntt(f, 1); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; ntt(f, 0); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * (k + j) + i] = f[j]; } }; auto FFT_x = [&](vc& A, int l, int r) -> void { vc f(2 * n); FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } }; if (n <= k) { doubling_y(P, 0, n), doubling_y(Q, 1, n); FFT_x(P, 0, 2 * k), FFT_x(Q, 0, 2 * k); } else { FFT_x(P, 0, k), FFT_x(Q, 0, k); doubling_y(P, 0, 2 * n), doubling_y(Q, 0, 2 * n); } FOR(i, 2 * n * k) Q[i] += 1; FOR(i, 2 * n * k, 4 * n * k) Q[i] -= 1; /* 048c -> 0248???? 159d -> ....???? 26ae 37bf */ vc F(2 * n), G(2 * n), f(n), g(n); FOR(j, 2 * k) { move(P.begin() + 2 * n * j, P.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, F.begin()); move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); FOR(i, n) { f[i] = W[i] * (F[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1] - F[2 * i + 1] * G[2 * i]); g[i] = G[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1]; } ntt(f, 1), ntt(g, 1); fill(f.begin() + n / 2, f.end(), mint(0)); fill(g.begin() + n / 2, g.end(), mint(0)); move(all(f), P.begin() + n * j); move(all(g), Q.begin() + n * j); } fill(P.begin() + 2 * n * k, P.end(), mint(0)); fill(Q.begin() + 2 * n * k, Q.end(), mint(0)); FOR(j, 4 * k) Q[n * j] = 0; n /= 2, k *= 2; } FOR(i, k) P[i] = P[2 * i]; P.resize(k); mint c = mint(1) / mint(k); for (auto& x : P) x *= c; ntt(P, 1); reverse(all(P)); P.resize(m + 1); return P; } // \sum_j[x^j]f^i を i=0,1,...,m template vc power_projection(vc wt, vc f, int m) { assert(len(f) == len(wt)); if (f.empty()) { return vc(m + 1, mint(0)); } if (f[0] != mint(0)) { mint c = f[0]; f[0] = 0; vc A = power_projection(wt, f, m); FOR(p, m + 1) A[p] *= fact_inv(p); vc B(m + 1); mint pow = 1; FOR(q, m + 1) B[q] = pow * fact_inv(q), pow *= c; A = convolution(A, B); A.resize(m + 1); FOR(i, m + 1) A[i] *= fact(i); return A; } return power_projection_0_ntt(wt, f, m); } // END: poly/power_projection.hpp #line 6 "poly/compositional_inverse.hpp" // O(N^2) // template // vc compositional_inverse_old(const vc& F) { // const int N = len(F); // if (N == 0) return {}; // assert(F[0] == mint(0)); // if (N == 1) return F; // assert(F[0] == mint(0) && F[1] != mint(0)); // vc DF = differentiate(F); // vc G(2); // G[1] = mint(1) / F[1]; // while (len(G) < N) { // // G:= G(x)-(F(G(x))-x)/DF(G(x)) // int n = len(G); // vc G1, G2; // { // vc FF(2 * n), GG(2 * n), DFF(n); // FOR(i, min(len(F), 2 * n)) FF[i] = F[i]; // FOR(i, min(len(DF), n)) DFF[i] = DF[i]; // FOR(i, n) GG[i] = G[i]; // G1 = composition(FF, GG); // G2 = composition(DFF, G); // } // G1 = {G1.begin() + n, G1.end()}; // G1 = fps_div(G1, G2); // G.resize(2 * n); // FOR(i, n) G[n + i] -= G1[i]; // } // G.resize(N); // return G; // } template vc compositional_inverse(vc f) { const int n = len(f) - 1; if (n == -1) return {}; assert(f[0] == mint(0)); if (n == 0) return f; assert(f[1] != mint(0)); mint c = f[1]; mint ic = c.inverse(); for (auto& x : f) x *= ic; vc wt(n + 1); wt[n] = 1; vc A = power_projection(wt, f, n); vc g(n); FOR(i, 1, n + 1) g[n - i] = mint(n) * A[i] * inv(i); g = fps_pow_1(g, -inv(n)); g.insert(g.begin(), 0); mint pow = 1; FOR(i, len(g)) g[i] *= pow, pow *= ic; return g; } // G->F(G), G->DF(G) を与える // len(G) まで求める. len(F) まで求めてもいいよ. // 計算量は合成とだいたい同等 template vc compositional_inverse(const vc& F, F1 comp_F, F2 comp_DF) { const int N = len(F); assert(N <= 0 || F[0] == mint(0)); assert(N <= 1 || F[1] != mint(0)); vc G(2); G[1] = mint(1) / F[1]; while (len(G) < N) { int n = len(G); // G:= G(x)-(F(G(x))-x)/DF(G(x)) vc G2 = comp_DF(G); G.resize(2 * n); vc G1 = comp_F(G); G1 = {G1.begin() + n, G1.end()}; G1 = fps_div(G1, G2); FOR(i, n) G[n + i] -= G1[i]; } G.resize(N); return G; } // END: poly/compositional_inverse.hpp #line 7 "main.cpp" // BEGIN: random/base.hpp #line 1 "random/base.hpp" u64 RNG_64() { static u64 x_ = u64(chrono::duration_cast( chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch()) .count()) * 10150724397891781847ULL; x_ ^= x_ << 7; return x_ ^= x_ >> 9; } u64 RNG(u64 lim) { return RNG_64() % lim; } ll RNG(ll l, ll r) { return l + RNG_64() % (r - l); } // END: random/base.hpp #line 8 "main.cpp" using mint = modint998; /* とりあえず分割統治 log^3 にはなっている これを実装するかあ n,S(x),T(x) given Find P(x) such that: S(x)P(F(x))-aP(x)=T(x) mod x^2n 初期問題から見て低次のところだけは [x^0]P(x)=0 [x^1]P(x)=1 ということにする yukicoder オンライン実行 N=100000: 5097ms www */ void solve() { LL(N); vc F(N); FOR(i, N) read(F[i].val); mint a = F[1]; vc ANS(N); auto dfs = [&](auto& dfs, int L, int R, vc T) -> void { if (R == L + 1) { if (L == 1) { ANS[1] = 1; return; } mint s = a.pow(L); ANS[L] = T[0] / (s - a); return; } int M = (L + R) / 2; int n = R - L; dfs(dfs, L, M, T); int m = M - L; /* P(x) := A(x)+x^mB(x) S(x)F(x)^mB(F(x)) + S(x)A(F(x)) - a[A(x) + x^mB(x)] = T(x) mod x^n A given S(x)F(x)^mB(F(x)) - ax^mB(x) = T(x) - S(x)A(F(x)) + aA(x) mod x^n x^m で割る nxt_S(x)B(F(x)) - aB(x) = [T(x) - S(x)A(F(x)) + aA(x)]/x^m mod x^{n-m} */ // vc nxt_S(n - m); // { // FOR(i, n - m) nxt_S[i] = F[1 + i]; // nxt_S = fps_pow(nxt_S, m); // vc tmp(n - m); // FOR(i, n - m) tmp[i] = S[i]; // nxt_S = convolution(nxt_S, tmp); // } // T から引いていく vc A(n); FOR(i, m) A[i] = ANS[L + i]; FOR(i, n) T[i] += a * A[i]; vc f(n); FOR(i, n) f[i] = F[i]; vc g(m); A = composition(A, f); // S(x)=(F(x)/x)^L vc S(n); FOR(i, n) S[i] = F[1 + i]; S = fps_pow(S, L); A = convolution(S, A); A.resize(n); FOR(i, n) T[i] -= A[i]; FOR(i, m) assert(T[i] == 0); T = {T.begin() + m, T.begin() + n}; dfs(dfs, M, R, T); }; vc T(N); T[0] = 0; dfs(dfs, 0, N, T); // print(ANS); vc G = ANS; vc H = compositional_inverse(G); vc out; for (auto& x : G) out.eb(x.val); print(out); out.clear(); for (auto& x : H) out.eb(x.val); print(out); } signed main() { solve(); } // END: main.cpp