#if defined(__GNUC__) #include #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,unroll-loops") #pragma GCC target("avx2,popcnt") #endif #include #include using namespace std; using ll = long long; using u8 = uint8_t; using u16 = uint16_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; using i128 = __int128; using u128 = unsigned __int128; using f128 = __float128; template constexpr bool dependent_false = false; template constexpr T infty = [] { static_assert(dependent_false, "infty is not defined"); return T{}; }(); template <> constexpr int infty = 1'010'000'000; template <> constexpr ll infty = 2'020'000'000'000'000'000; template <> constexpr u32 infty = infty; template <> constexpr u64 infty = infty; template <> constexpr i128 infty = i128(infty) * 2'000'000'000'000'000'000; template <> constexpr double infty = numeric_limits::infinity(); template <> constexpr long double infty = numeric_limits::infinity(); using pi = pair; using vi = vector; template using vc = vector; template using vvc = vector>; template using vvvc = vector>; template using vvvvc = vector>; template using pq_max = priority_queue; template using pq_min = priority_queue, greater>; #define vv(type, name, h, ...) \ vector> name(h, vector(__VA_ARGS__)) #define vvv(type, name, h, w, ...) \ vector>> name( \ h, vector>(w, vector(__VA_ARGS__))) #define vvvv(type, name, a, b, c, ...) \ vector>>> name( \ a, vector>>( \ b, vector>(c, vector(__VA_ARGS__)))) #define FOR1(a) for (ll _ = 0; _ < ll(a); ++_) #define FOR2(i, a) for (ll i = 0; i < ll(a); ++i) #define FOR3(i, a, b) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); ++i) #define FOR4(i, a, b, c) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); i += (c)) #define FOR1_R(a) for (ll i = ll(a) - 1; i >= ll(0); --i) #define FOR2_R(i, a) for (ll i = ll(a) - 1; i >= ll(0); --i) #define FOR3_R(i, a, b) for (ll i = ll(b) - 1; i >= ll(a); --i) #define overload4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define overload3(a, b, c, d, ...) d #define FOR(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, FOR4, FOR3, FOR2, FOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define FOR_R(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__, FOR3_R, FOR2_R, FOR1_R)(__VA_ARGS__) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define len(x) ll(x.size()) #define elif else if #define eb emplace_back #define mp make_pair #define mt make_tuple #define fi first #define se second #define stoi stoll template T ceil(T x, T y) { return (x / y) + (x % y > 0); } constexpr auto TEN = [] { array A{}; A[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i) A[i] = 10 * A[i - 1]; return A; }(); #define MIN(v) *min_element(all(v)) #define MAX(v) *max_element(all(v)) #define UNIQUE(x) sort(all(x)), x.erase(unique(all(x)), x.end()) template vc cumsum(const vc &A, int off = 1) { int N = A.size(); vc B(N + 1); FOR(i, N) { B[i + 1] = B[i] + A[i]; } if (off == 0) B.erase(B.begin()); return B; } #define FASTIO namespace fastio { static constexpr uint32_t SZ = 1 << 17; char ibuf[SZ]; char obuf[SZ]; char out[100]; uint32_t pil = 0, pir = 0, por = 0; bool input_eof = false; template constexpr bool is_signed_integer_v = is_signed_v || is_same_v; template struct unsigned_integer { using type = make_unsigned_t; }; template <> struct unsigned_integer { using type = u128; }; template <> struct unsigned_integer { using type = u128; }; template using unsigned_integer_t = typename unsigned_integer::type; [[noreturn]] inline void input_error(const char *message) { fputs(message, stderr); fputc('\n', stderr); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } struct Pre { char num[10000][4]; constexpr Pre() : num() { for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { int n = i; for (int j = 3; j >= 0; j--) { num[i][j] = n % 10 | '0'; n /= 10; } } } } constexpr pre; inline void load() { uint32_t n = pir - pil; memmove(ibuf, ibuf + pil, n); pil = 0; pir = n; if (input_eof) return; pir += fread(ibuf + pir, 1, SZ - pir, stdin); if (ferror(stdin)) input_error("fastio: input error"); if (feof(stdin)) { input_eof = true; if (pir < SZ) ibuf[pir++] = '\n'; } } inline char get_char() { if (pil == pir) { load(); if (pil == pir) input_error("fastio: unexpected EOF"); } return ibuf[pil++]; } inline void flush() { fwrite(obuf, 1, por, stdout); por = 0; } void rd(char &c) { do c = get_char(); while (isspace(static_cast(c))); } void rd(string &x) { x.clear(); char c; do c = get_char(); while (isspace(static_cast(c))); do { x += c; c = get_char(); } while (!isspace(static_cast(c))); } template void rd_real(T &x) { string s; rd(s); x = stod(s); } template void rd_integer_slow(T &x) { char c; do c = get_char(); while (c < '-'); bool minus = 0; if constexpr (is_signed_integer_v) { if (c == '-') { minus = 1, c = get_char(); } } x = 0; assert('0' <= c && c <= '9'); while ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { x = x * 10 + (c & 15), c = get_char(); } assert(isspace(static_cast(c))); if constexpr (is_signed_integer_v) { if (minus) x = -x; } } template void rd_integer(T &x) { if (pil + 100 > pir) { load(); if (pil + 100 > pir) { rd_integer_slow(x); return; } } char c; do c = ibuf[pil++]; while (c < '-'); bool minus = 0; if constexpr (is_signed_integer_v) { if (c == '-') { minus = 1, c = ibuf[pil++]; } } x = 0; assert('0' <= c && c <= '9'); while ('0' <= c && c <= '9') { x = x * 10 + (c & 15), c = ibuf[pil++]; } assert(isspace(static_cast(c))); if constexpr (is_signed_integer_v) { if (minus) x = -x; } } template enable_if_t || is_same_v || is_same_v> rd( T &x) { rd_integer(x); } template enable_if_t || is_same_v> rd(T &x) { rd_real(x); } template void rd(pair &p) { rd(p.first), rd(p.second); } template void rd_tuple(T &t) { if constexpr (N < tuple_size::value) { auto &x = get(t); rd(x); rd_tuple(t); } } template void rd(tuple &tpl) { rd_tuple(tpl); } template void rd(array &x) { for (auto &d : x) rd(d); } template void rd(vc &x) { for (auto &d : x) rd(d); } template void read(T &...x) { (rd(x), ...); } inline void wt_range(const char *s, size_t n) { size_t i = 0; while (i < n) { if (por == SZ) flush(); size_t chunk = min(n - i, (size_t)(SZ - por)); memcpy(obuf + por, s + i, chunk); por += chunk; i += chunk; } } void wt(const char c) { if (por == SZ) flush(); obuf[por++] = c; } void wt(const char *s) { wt_range(s, strlen(s)); } void wt(const string &s) { wt_range(s.data(), s.size()); } template void wt_integer(T x) { if (por > SZ - 100) flush(); using U = unsigned_integer_t; U y = static_cast(x); if constexpr (is_signed_integer_v) { if (x < 0) { obuf[por++] = '-'; y = U(0) - y; } } int outi; for (outi = 96; y >= 10000; outi -= 4) { memcpy(out + outi, pre.num[y % 10000], 4); y /= 10000; } if (y >= 1000) { memcpy(obuf + por, pre.num[y], 4); por += 4; } else if (y >= 100) { memcpy(obuf + por, pre.num[y] + 1, 3); por += 3; } else if (y >= 10) { int q = (y * 103) >> 10; obuf[por] = q | '0'; obuf[por + 1] = (y - q * 10) | '0'; por += 2; } else obuf[por++] = y | '0'; memcpy(obuf + por, out + outi + 4, 96 - outi); por += 96 - outi; } template inline void wt_real(T x) { static char buf[1000]; int n = std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.15f", (double)x); wt_range(buf, (size_t)n); } template enable_if_t || is_same_v || is_same_v> wt( T x) { wt_integer(x); } template enable_if_t || is_same_v> wt(T x) { wt_real(x); } inline void wt(bool b) { wt(static_cast('0' + (b ? 1 : 0))); } template void wt(const pair &val) { wt(val.first); wt(' '); wt(val.second); } template void wt_tuple(const T &t) { if constexpr (N < tuple_size::value) { if constexpr (N > 0) wt(' '); wt(get(t)); wt_tuple(t); } } template void wt(const tuple &tpl) { wt_tuple(tpl); } template void wt(const array &val) { auto n = val.size(); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (i) wt(' '); wt(val[i]); } } template void wt(const vector &val) { auto n = val.size(); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (i) wt(' '); wt(val[i]); } } void print() { wt('\n'); } template void print(Head &&head, Tail &&...tail) { wt(forward(head)); ((wt(' '), wt(forward(tail))), ...); wt('\n'); } } using fastio::flush; using fastio::print; using fastio::read; #define SHOW(...) #define INT(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) \ ll __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define U32(...) \ u32 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define U64(...) \ u64 __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define STR(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define CHAR(...) \ char __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define DBL(...) \ double __VA_ARGS__; \ read(__VA_ARGS__) #define VEC(type, name, size) \ vector name(size); \ read(name) #define VV(type, name, h, w) \ vector> name(h, vector(w)); \ read(name) int topbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); } int topbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); } int topbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } int topbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); } int lowbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); } int lowbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); } int lowbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); } int lowbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); } template struct all_bit { UINT s; all_bit(UINT s) : s(s) {} struct iter { UINT s; int operator*() const { return lowbit(s); } void operator++() { s &= s - 1; } bool operator!=(nullptr_t) const { return s; } }; iter begin() const { return {s}; } nullptr_t end() const { return nullptr; } }; template struct all_subset { UINT s; all_subset(UINT s) : s(s) {} struct iter { UINT s, t; bool done = false; UINT operator*() const { return t; } void operator++() { done = (t == 0); t = (t - 1) & s; } bool operator!=(nullptr_t) const { return !done; } }; iter begin() const { return {s, s}; } nullptr_t end() const { return nullptr; } }; struct has_mod_impl { template static auto check(T &&x) -> decltype(x.get_mod(), std::true_type{}); template static auto check(...) -> std::false_type; }; template class has_mod : public decltype(has_mod_impl::check(std::declval())) {}; template mint fact(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); assert(0 <= n && n < mod); static vector dat = {1, 1}; if (len(dat) <= n) { int now = len(dat); int m = min(mod, 1 << (topbit(n) + 1)); dat.resize(m); FOR(i, now, m) dat[i] = dat[i - 1] * mint::raw(i); } return dat[n]; } template mint fact_inv(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); static vector dat = {1, 1}; if (n < 0) return mint(0); if (len(dat) <= n) { int now = len(dat); int m = min(mod, 1 << (topbit(n) + 1)); dat.resize(m); dat[m - 1] = fact(m - 1).inverse(); FOR_R(i, now, m - 1) dat[i] = dat[i + 1] * mint::raw(i + 1); } return dat[n]; } template mint inv(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); assert(1 <= n && n < mod); return fact(n - 1) * fact_inv(n); } template <> double inv(int n) { assert(n != 0); return 1.0 / n; } template struct modint { static constexpr u32 umod = u32(mod); static_assert(umod < u32(1) << 31); u32 val; static modint raw(u32 v) { modint x; x.val = v; return x; } constexpr modint() : val(0) {} constexpr modint(u32 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u64 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u128 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(int x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(ll x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(i128 x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; bool operator<(const modint &other) const { return val < other.val; } modint &operator+=(const modint &p) { if ((val += p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint &operator-=(const modint &p) { if ((val += umod - p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint &operator*=(const modint &p) { val = u64(val) * p.val % umod; return *this; } modint &operator/=(const modint &p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } modint operator-() const { return modint::raw(val ? mod - val : u32(0)); } modint operator+(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) += p; } modint operator-(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) -= p; } modint operator*(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) *= p; } modint operator/(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) /= p; } bool operator==(const modint &p) const { return val == p.val; } bool operator!=(const modint &p) const { return val != p.val; } modint inverse() const { int a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v); } return modint(u); } modint pow(ll n) const { if (n < 0) return inverse().pow(-n); assert(n >= 0); modint ret(1), mul(val); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } static constexpr int get_mod() { return mod; } static constexpr pair ntt_info() { if (mod == 120586241) return {20, 74066978}; if (mod == 167772161) return {25, 17}; if (mod == 469762049) return {26, 30}; if (mod == 754974721) return {24, 362}; if (mod == 880803841) return {23, 211}; if (mod == 943718401) return {22, 663003469}; if (mod == 998244353) return {23, 31}; if (mod == 1004535809) return {21, 582313106}; if (mod == 1012924417) return {21, 368093570}; if (mod == 1224736769) return {24, 1191450770}; if (mod == 2013265921) return {27, 244035102}; return {-1, -1}; } static constexpr bool can_ntt() { return ntt_info().fi != -1; } }; #ifdef FASTIO template void rd(modint &x) { fastio::rd(x.val); x.val %= mod; } template void wt(modint x) { fastio::wt(x.val); } #endif using modint107 = modint<1000000007>; using modint998 = modint<998244353>; constexpr u32 mod_pow_constexpr(u64 a, u64 n, u32 mod) { a %= mod; u64 res = 1; FOR(32) { if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod; a = a * a % mod, n /= 2; } return res; } template T CRT2(u64 a0, u64 a1) { static_assert(p0 < p1); static constexpr u64 x0_1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x0_1 % p1; return a0 + c * p0; } template T CRT3(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; return T(ans_1) + T(c) * T(p01); } template ::value>::type* = nullptr> vc convolution_naive(const vc& a, const vc& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vector ans(n + m - 1); FOR(i, n) FOR(j, m) ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; return ans; } template ::value>::type* = nullptr> vc convolution_naive(const vc& a, const vc& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vc ans(n + m - 1); if (n <= 16 && (T::get_mod() < (1 << 30))) { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u64 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = sm; } } else { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u128 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = T::raw(sm % T::get_mod()); } } return ans; } template vc convolution_karatsuba(const vc& f, const vc& g) { const int thresh = 30; if (min(len(f), len(g)) <= thresh) return convolution_naive(f, g); int n = max(len(f), len(g)); int m = ceil(n, 2); vc f1, f2, g1, g2; if (len(f) < m) f1 = f; if (len(f) >= m) f1 = {f.begin(), f.begin() + m}; if (len(f) >= m) f2 = {f.begin() + m, f.end()}; if (len(g) < m) g1 = g; if (len(g) >= m) g1 = {g.begin(), g.begin() + m}; if (len(g) >= m) g2 = {g.begin() + m, g.end()}; vc a = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc b = convolution_karatsuba(f2, g2); FOR(i, len(f2)) f1[i] += f2[i]; FOR(i, len(g2)) g1[i] += g2[i]; vc c = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc F(len(f) + len(g) - 1); assert(2 * m + len(b) <= len(F)); FOR(i, len(a)) F[i] += a[i], c[i] -= a[i]; FOR(i, len(b)) F[2 * m + i] += b[i], c[i] -= b[i]; if (c.back() == T(0)) c.pop_back(); FOR(i, len(c)) if (c[i] != T(0)) F[m + i] += c[i]; return F; } template void ntt(vector& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const u32 mod = mint::get_mod(); static array root, iroot; static array rate2, irate2; static array rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (h - len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * rot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * rot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * rot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * imag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = h; while (len) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * irot.val; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len + 2); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * iimag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * irot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * irot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * irot3.val; } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } } template vector convolution_ntt(vector a, vector b) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {}; int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); int sz = 1; while (sz < n + m - 1) sz *= 2; if ((n + m - 3) <= sz / 2) { auto a_last = a.back(), b_last = b.back(); a.pop_back(), b.pop_back(); auto c = convolution(a, b); c.resize(n + m - 1); c[n + m - 2] = a_last * b_last; FOR(i, len(a)) c[i + len(b)] += a[i] * b_last; FOR(i, len(b)) c[i + len(a)] += b[i] * a_last; return c; } a.resize(sz), b.resize(sz); bool same = a == b; ntt(a, 0); if (same) { b = a; } else { ntt(b, 0); } FOR(i, sz) a[i] *= b[i]; ntt(a, 1); a.resize(n + m - 1); return a; } template vector convolution_garner(const vector& a, const vector& b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; static constexpr int p0 = 167772161; static constexpr int p1 = 469762049; static constexpr int p2 = 754974721; using mint0 = modint; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; vc a0(n), b0(m); vc a1(n), b1(m); vc a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a0[i] = a[i].val, a1[i] = a[i].val, a2[i] = a[i].val; FOR(i, m) b0[i] = b[i].val, b1[i] = b[i].val, b2[i] = b[i].val; auto c0 = convolution_ntt(a0, b0); auto c1 = convolution_ntt(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt(a2, b2); vc c(len(c0)); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { c[i] = CRT3(c0[i].val, c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return c; } vector convolution(vector a, vector b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (min(n, m) <= 2500) return convolution_naive(a, b); ll mi_a = MIN(a), mi_b = MIN(b); for (auto& x : a) x -= mi_a; for (auto& x : b) x -= mi_b; assert(MAX(a) * MAX(b) <= 1e18); auto Ac = cumsum(a), Bc = cumsum(b); vi res(n + m - 1); for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); res[k] += (t - s) * mi_a * mi_b; res[k] += mi_a * (Bc[k - s + 1] - Bc[k - t + 1]); res[k] += mi_b * (Ac[t] - Ac[s]); } static constexpr u32 MOD1 = 1004535809; static constexpr u32 MOD2 = 1012924417; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; vc a1(n), b1(m); vc a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a1[i] = a[i], a2[i] = a[i]; FOR(i, m) b1[i] = b[i], b2[i] = b[i]; auto c1 = convolution_ntt(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt(a2, b2); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { res[i] += CRT2(c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return res; } template vc convolution(const vc& a, const vc& b) { if (mint::get_mod() == 2) { vc aa, bb; for (auto& x : a) aa.eb(x.val); for (auto& x : b) bb.eb(x.val); aa = convolution(aa, bb); vc ANS(len(aa)); FOR(i, len(aa)) ANS[i] = aa[i].val & 1; return ANS; } int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (mint::can_ntt()) { if (min(n, m) <= 50) return convolution_karatsuba(a, b); return convolution_ntt(a, b); } if (min(n, m) <= 200) return convolution_karatsuba(a, b); return convolution_garner(a, b); } template vc powertable_1(mint a, ll N) { vc f(N + 1, 1); FOR(i, N) f[i + 1] = a * f[i]; return f; } template vc poly_taylor_shift(vc f, mint c) { if (c == mint(0)) return f; ll N = len(f); FOR(i, N) f[i] *= fact(i); auto b = powertable_1(c, N); FOR(i, N) b[i] *= fact_inv(i); reverse(all(f)); f = convolution(f, b); f.resize(N); reverse(all(f)); FOR(i, N) f[i] *= fact_inv(i); return f; } template void transposed_ntt(vector& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const u32 mod = mint::get_mod(); static array root, iroot; static array rate2, irate2; static array rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = h; while (len > 0) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * rot.val; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { int offset = s << (h - len + 2); mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * imag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * rot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * rot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * rot3.val; } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (len == h - 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * irot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * irot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * irot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * irot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * iimag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } } template vc composition_0_ntt(vc f, vc g) { assert(len(f) == len(g)); if (f.empty()) return {}; int n0 = len(f); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; f.resize(n), g.resize(n); vc W(n); { vc btr(n); int log = topbit(n); FOR(i, n) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (log - 1)); } int t = mint::ntt_info().fi; mint r = mint::ntt_info().se; mint dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (2 * n)); mint w = 1; for (auto& i: btr) { W[i] = w, w *= dw; } } auto rec = [&](auto& rec, int n, int k, vc& Q) -> vc { if (n == 1) { reverse(all(f)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); mint c = mint(1) / mint(k); for (auto& x: f) x *= c; vc p(4 * k); FOR(i, k) p[2 * i] = f[i]; return p; } auto doubling_y = [&](vc& A, int l, int r, bool t) -> void { mint z = W[k / 2].inverse(); vc f(k); if (!t) { FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * j + i]; ntt(f, 1); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; ntt(f, 0); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * (k + j) + i] = f[j]; } } else { FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * (k + j) + i]; transposed_ntt(f, 0); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; transposed_ntt(f, 1); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * j + i] += f[j]; } } }; auto FFT_x = [&](vc& A, int l, int r, bool t) -> void { vc f(2 * n); if (!t) { FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } } else { FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); transposed_ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } } }; if (n <= k) doubling_y(Q, 1, n, 0), FFT_x(Q, 0, 2 * k, 0); if (n > k) FFT_x(Q, 0, k, 0), doubling_y(Q, 0, 2 * n, 0); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) Q[i] += 1; FOR(i, 2 * n * k, 4 * n * k) Q[i] -= 1; vc nxt_Q(4 * n * k); vc F(2 * n), G(2 * n), f(n), g(n); FOR(j, 2 * k) { move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); FOR(i, n) { g[i] = G[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1]; } ntt(g, 1); move(g.begin(), g.begin() + n / 2, nxt_Q.begin() + n * j); } FOR(j, 4 * k) nxt_Q[n * j] = 0; vc p = rec(rec, n / 2, k * 2, nxt_Q); FOR_R(j, 2 * k) { move(p.begin() + n * j, p.begin() + n * j + n / 2, f.begin()); move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); fill(f.begin() + n / 2, f.end(), mint(0)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); FOR(i, n) { f[i] *= W[i]; F[2 * i] = G[2 * i + 1] * f[i], F[2 * i + 1] = -G[2 * i] * f[i]; } move(F.begin(), F.end(), p.begin() + 2 * n * j); } if (n <= k) FFT_x(p, 0, 2 * k, 1), doubling_y(p, 0, n, 1); if (n > k) doubling_y(p, 0, 2 * n, 1), FFT_x(p, 0, k, 1); return p; }; vc Q(4 * n); FOR(i, n) Q[i] = -g[i]; vc p = rec(rec, n, 1, Q); p.resize(n); reverse(all(p)); p.resize(n0); return p; } template vc composition_0_garner(vc f, vc g) { constexpr u32 ps[] = {167772161, 469762049, 754974721}; using mint0 = modint; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; auto rec = [&](auto& rec, int n, int k, vc Q) -> vc { if (n == 1) { vc p(2 * k); reverse(all(f)); FOR(i, k) p[2 * i] = f[i]; return p; } vc Q0(4 * n * k), R0(4 * n * k), p0(4 * n * k); vc Q1(4 * n * k), R1(4 * n * k), p1(4 * n * k); vc Q2(4 * n * k), R2(4 * n * k), p2(4 * n * k); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { Q0[i] = Q[i].val, R0[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); Q1[i] = Q[i].val, R1[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); Q2[i] = Q[i].val, R2[i] = (i % 2 == 0 ? Q[i].val : (-Q[i]).val); } ntt(Q0, 0), ntt(Q1, 0), ntt(Q2, 0), ntt(R0, 0), ntt(R1, 0), ntt(R2, 0); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) Q0[i] *= R0[i], Q1[i] *= R1[i], Q2[i] *= R2[i]; ntt(Q0, 1), ntt(Q1, 1), ntt(Q2, 1); vc QQ(4 * n * k); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) { QQ[i] = CRT3(Q0[i].val, Q1[i].val, Q2[i].val); } FOR(i, 0, 2 * n * k, 2) { QQ[2 * n * k + i] += Q[i] + Q[i]; } vc nxt_Q(2 * n * k); FOR(j, 2 * k) FOR(i, n / 2) { nxt_Q[n * j + i] = QQ[(2 * n) * j + (2 * i + 0)]; } vc nxt_p = rec(rec, n / 2, k * 2, nxt_Q); vc pq(4 * n * k); FOR(j, 2 * k) FOR(i, n / 2) { pq[(2 * n) * j + (2 * i + 1)] += nxt_p[n * j + i]; } vc p(2 * n * k); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { p[i] += pq[2 * n * k + i]; } FOR(i, 4 * n * k) { p0[i] += pq[i].val, p1[i] += pq[i].val, p2[i] += pq[i].val; } transposed_ntt(p0, 1), transposed_ntt(p1, 1), transposed_ntt(p2, 1); FOR(i, 4 * n * k) p0[i] *= R0[i], p1[i] *= R1[i], p2[i] *= R2[i]; transposed_ntt(p0, 0), transposed_ntt(p1, 0), transposed_ntt(p2, 0); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { p[i] += CRT3(p0[i].val, p1[i].val, p2[i].val); } return p; }; assert(len(f) == len(g)); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; int out_len = len(f); f.resize(n), g.resize(n); int k = 1; vc Q(2 * n); FOR(i, n) Q[i] = -g[i]; vc p = rec(rec, n, k, Q); vc output(n); FOR(i, n) output[i] = p[i]; reverse(all(output)); output.resize(out_len); return output; } template vc composition(vc f, vc g) { assert(len(f) == len(g)); if (f.empty()) return {}; if (g[0] != mint(0)) { f = poly_taylor_shift(f, g[0]); g[0] = 0; } if (mint::can_ntt()) { return composition_0_ntt(f, g); } return composition_0_garner(f, g); } template vc differentiate(const vc& f) { if (len(f) <= 1) return {}; vc g(len(f) - 1); FOR(i, len(g)) g[i] = f[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); return g; } template int count_terms(const vc& f){ int t = 0; FOR(i, len(f)) if(f[i] != mint(0)) ++t; return t; } template vc fps_inv_sparse(const vc& f) { int N = len(f); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc g(N); mint g0 = mint(1) / f[0]; g[0] = g0; FOR(n, 1, N) { mint rhs = 0; for (auto&& [k, fk]: dat) { if (k > n) break; rhs -= fk * g[n - k]; } g[n] = rhs * g0; } return g; } template vc fps_inv_dense_ntt(const vc& F) { vc G = {mint(1) / F[0]}; ll N = len(F), n = 1; G.reserve(N); while (n < N) { vc f(2 * n), g(2 * n); FOR(i, min(N, 2 * n)) f[i] = F[i]; FOR(i, n) g[i] = G[i]; ntt(f, false), ntt(g, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n) f[i] = 0; ntt(f, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n, min(N, 2 * n)) G.eb(-f[i]); n *= 2; } return G; } template vc fps_inv_dense(const vc& F) { if (mint::can_ntt()) return fps_inv_dense_ntt(F); const int N = len(F); vc R = {mint(1) / F[0]}; vc p; int m = 1; while (m < N) { p = convolution(R, R); p.resize(m + m); vc f = {F.begin(), F.begin() + min(m + m, N)}; p = convolution(p, f); R.resize(m + m); FOR(i, m + m) R[i] = R[i] + R[i] - p[i]; m += m; } R.resize(N); return R; } template vc fps_inv(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] != mint(0)); int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 160 : 820); return (n <= t ? fps_inv_sparse(f) : fps_inv_dense(f)); } template vc fps_div(vc f, vc g) { if (SPARSE || count_terms(g) < 200) return fps_div_sparse(f, g); int n = len(f); g.resize(n); g = fps_inv(g); f = convolution(f, g); f.resize(n); return f; } template vc fps_div_sparse(vc f, vc& g) { if (g[0] != mint(1)) { mint cf = g[0].inverse(); for (auto&& x: f) x *= cf; for (auto&& x: g) x *= cf; } vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, len(g)) if (g[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, -g[i]); FOR(i, len(f)) { for (auto&& [j, x]: dat) { if (i >= j) f[i] += x * f[i - j]; } } return f; } template vc integrate(const vc& f) { vc g(len(f) + 1); FOR3(i, 1, len(g)) g[i] = f[i - 1] * inv(i); return g; } template mint integrate(const vc& f, mint L, mint R) { mint I = 0; mint pow_L = 1, pow_R = 1; FOR(i, len(f)) { pow_L *= L, pow_R *= R; I += inv(i + 1) * f[i] * (pow_R - pow_L); } return I; } template vc fps_exp_dense(vc& h) { const int n = len(h); assert(n > 0 && h[0] == mint(0)); if (mint::can_ntt()) { vc& f = h; vc b = {1, (1 < n ? f[1] : 0)}; vc c = {1}, z1, z2 = {1, 1}; while (len(b) < n) { int m = len(b); auto y = b; y.resize(2 * m); ntt(y, 0); z1 = z2; vc z(m); FOR(i, m) z[i] = y[i] * z1[i]; ntt(z, 1); FOR(i, m / 2) z[i] = 0; ntt(z, 0); FOR(i, m) z[i] *= -z1[i]; ntt(z, 1); c.insert(c.end(), z.begin() + m / 2, z.end()); z2 = c; z2.resize(2 * m); ntt(z2, 0); vc x(f.begin(), f.begin() + m); FOR(i, len(x) - 1) x[i] = x[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); x.back() = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m) x[i] *= y[i]; ntt(x, 1); FOR(i, m - 1) x[i] -= b[i + 1] * mint(i + 1); x.resize(m + m); FOR(i, m - 1) x[m + i] = x[i], x[i] = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m + m) x[i] *= z2[i]; ntt(x, 1); FOR_R(i, len(x) - 1) x[i + 1] = x[i] * inv(i + 1); x[0] = 0; FOR3(i, m, min(n, m + m)) x[i] += f[i]; FOR(i, m) x[i] = 0; ntt(x, 0); FOR(i, m + m) x[i] *= y[i]; ntt(x, 1); b.insert(b.end(), x.begin() + m, x.end()); } b.resize(n); return b; } const int L = len(h); assert(L > 0 && h[0] == mint(0)); int LOG = 0; while (1 << LOG < L) ++LOG; h.resize(1 << LOG); auto dh = differentiate(h); vc f = {1}, g = {1}; int m = 1; vc p; FOR(LOG) { p = convolution(f, g); p.resize(m); p = convolution(p, g); p.resize(m); g.resize(m); FOR(i, m) g[i] += g[i] - p[i]; p = {dh.begin(), dh.begin() + m - 1}; p = convolution(f, p); p.resize(m + m - 1); FOR(i, m + m - 1) p[i] = -p[i]; FOR(i, m - 1) p[i] += mint(i + 1) * f[i + 1]; p = convolution(p, g); p.resize(m + m - 1); FOR(i, m - 1) p[i] += dh[i]; p = integrate(p); FOR(i, m + m) p[i] = h[i] - p[i]; p[0] += mint(1); f = convolution(f, p); f.resize(m + m); m += m; } f.resize(L); return f; } template vc fps_log_dense(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); ll N = len(f); vc df = f; FOR(i, N) df[i] *= mint(i); df.erase(df.begin()); auto f_inv = fps_inv(f); auto g = convolution(df, f_inv); g.resize(N - 1); g.insert(g.begin(), 0); FOR(i, 1, N) g[i] *= inv(i); return g; } template vc fps_log_sparse(const vc& f) { int N = f.size(); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc F(N); vc g(N - 1); for (int n = 0; n < N - 1; ++n) { mint rhs = mint(n + 1) * f[n + 1]; for (auto&& [i, fi] : dat) { if (i > n) break; rhs -= fi * g[n - i]; } g[n] = rhs; F[n + 1] = rhs * inv(n + 1); } return F; } template vc fps_log(const vc& f) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 200 : 1200); return (n <= t ? fps_log_sparse(f) : fps_log_dense(f)); } template vc fps_pow_1_sparse(const vc& f, mint K) { int N = len(f); assert(N == 0 || f[0] == mint(1)); vc> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc g(N); g[0] = 1; FOR(n, N - 1) { mint& x = g[n + 1]; for (auto&& [d, cf] : dat) { if (d > n + 1) break; mint t = cf * g[n - d + 1]; x += t * (K * mint(d) - mint(n - d + 1)); } x *= inv(n + 1); } return g; } template vc fps_pow_1_dense(const vc& f, mint K) { assert(f[0] == mint(1)); auto log_f = fps_log(f); FOR(i, len(f)) log_f[i] *= K; return fps_exp_dense(log_f); } template vc fps_pow_1(const vc& f, mint K) { int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 100 : 1300); return (n <= t ? fps_pow_1_sparse(f, K) : fps_pow_1_dense(f, K)); } template vc power_projection_0_ntt(vc wt, vc f, int m) { assert(len(f) == len(wt) && f[0] == mint(0)); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; for (auto& x: f) x = -x; f.resize(n), wt.resize(n); reverse(all(wt)); vc&P = wt, &Q = f; P.resize(4 * n), Q.resize(4 * n); vc W(n); { vc btr(n); int log = topbit(n); FOR(i, n) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (log - 1)); } int t = mint::ntt_info().fi; mint r = mint::ntt_info().se; mint dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (2 * n)); mint w = 1; for (auto& i: btr) { W[i] = w, w *= dw; } } int k = 1; while (n > 1) { auto doubling_y = [&](vc& A, int l, int r) -> void { mint z = W[k / 2].inverse(); vc f(k); FOR(i, l, r) { FOR(j, k) f[j] = A[2 * n * j + i]; ntt(f, 1); mint r = 1; FOR(j, 1, k) r *= z, f[j] *= r; ntt(f, 0); FOR(j, k) A[2 * n * (k + j) + i] = f[j]; } }; auto FFT_x = [&](vc& A, int l, int r) -> void { vc f(2 * n); FOR(j, l, r) { move(A.begin() + 2 * n * j, A.begin() + 2 * n * (j + 1), f.begin()); ntt(f, 0); move(all(f), A.begin() + 2 * n * j); } }; if (n <= k) { doubling_y(P, 0, n), doubling_y(Q, 1, n); FFT_x(P, 0, 2 * k), FFT_x(Q, 0, 2 * k); } else { FFT_x(P, 0, k), FFT_x(Q, 0, k); doubling_y(P, 0, 2 * n), doubling_y(Q, 0, 2 * n); } FOR(i, 2 * n * k) Q[i] += 1; FOR(i, 2 * n * k, 4 * n * k) Q[i] -= 1; vc F(2 * n), G(2 * n), f(n), g(n); FOR(j, 2 * k) { move(P.begin() + 2 * n * j, P.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, F.begin()); move(Q.begin() + 2 * n * j, Q.begin() + 2 * n * j + 2 * n, G.begin()); FOR(i, n) { f[i] = W[i] * (F[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1] - F[2 * i + 1] * G[2 * i]); g[i] = G[2 * i] * G[2 * i + 1]; } ntt(f, 1), ntt(g, 1); fill(f.begin() + n / 2, f.end(), mint(0)); fill(g.begin() + n / 2, g.end(), mint(0)); move(all(f), P.begin() + n * j); move(all(g), Q.begin() + n * j); } fill(P.begin() + 2 * n * k, P.end(), mint(0)); fill(Q.begin() + 2 * n * k, Q.end(), mint(0)); FOR(j, 4 * k) Q[n * j] = 0; n /= 2, k *= 2; } FOR(i, k) P[i] = P[2 * i]; P.resize(k); mint c = mint(1) / mint(k); for (auto& x: P) x *= c; ntt(P, 1); reverse(all(P)); P.resize(m + 1); return P; } template vc power_projection_0_garner(vc wt, vc f, int m) { assert(len(f) == len(wt) && f[0] == mint(0)); int n = 1; while (n < len(f)) n *= 2; f.resize(n), wt.resize(n); reverse(all(wt)); constexpr u32 p[] = {167772161, 469762049, 754974721}; using mint0 = modint; using mint1 = modint; using mint2 = modint; vc W0(2 * n); vc W1(2 * n); vc W2(2 * n); { vc btr(2 * n); int log = topbit(2 * n); FOR(i, 2 * n) { btr[i] = (btr[i >> 1] >> 1) + ((i & 1) << (log - 1)); } { int t = mint0::ntt_info().fi; mint0 r = mint0::ntt_info().se; mint0 dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (4 * n)); mint0 w = 1; for (auto& i: btr) { W0[i] = w, w *= dw; } } { int t = mint1::ntt_info().fi; mint1 r = mint1::ntt_info().se; mint1 dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (4 * n)); mint1 w = 1; for (auto& i: btr) { W1[i] = w, w *= dw; } } { int t = mint2::ntt_info().fi; mint2 r = mint2::ntt_info().se; mint2 dw = r.inverse().pow((1 << t) / (4 * n)); mint2 w = 1; for (auto& i: btr) { W2[i] = w, w *= dw; } } } int k = 1; vc P(2 * n), Q(2 * n); FOR(i, n) P[i] = wt[i], Q[i] = -f[i]; while (n > 1) { vc P0(4 * n * k), Q0(4 * n * k); vc P1(4 * n * k), Q1(4 * n * k); vc P2(4 * n * k), Q2(4 * n * k); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) P0[i] = P[i].val, Q0[i] = Q[i].val; FOR(i, 2 * n * k) P1[i] = P[i].val, Q1[i] = Q[i].val; FOR(i, 2 * n * k) P2[i] = P[i].val, Q2[i] = Q[i].val; Q0[2 * n * k] = 1, Q1[2 * n * k] = 1, Q2[2 * n * k] = 1; ntt(P0, 0), ntt(Q0, 0), ntt(P1, 0), ntt(Q1, 0), ntt(P2, 0), ntt(Q2, 0); FOR(i, 2 * n * k) { P0[i] = inv(2) * W0[i] * (P0[2 * i] * Q0[2 * i + 1] - P0[2 * i + 1] * Q0[2 * i]); Q0[i] = Q0[2 * i] * Q0[2 * i + 1]; P1[i] = inv(2) * W1[i] * (P1[2 * i] * Q1[2 * i + 1] - P1[2 * i + 1] * Q1[2 * i]); Q1[i] = Q1[2 * i] * Q1[2 * i + 1]; P2[i] = inv(2) * W2[i] * (P2[2 * i] * Q2[2 * i + 1] - P2[2 * i + 1] * Q2[2 * i]); Q2[i] = Q2[2 * i] * Q2[2 * i + 1]; } P0.resize(2 * n * k), Q0.resize(2 * n * k); P1.resize(2 * n * k), Q1.resize(2 * n * k); P2.resize(2 * n * k), Q2.resize(2 * n * k); ntt(P0, 1), ntt(Q0, 1), ntt(P1, 1), ntt(Q1, 1), ntt(P2, 1), ntt(Q2, 1); constexpr i128 K = u128(p[0]) * p[1] * p[2]; auto get = [&](mint0 a, mint1 b, mint2 c) -> mint { i128 x = CRT3(a.val, b.val, c.val); i128 y = K - x; return (x < y ? mint(x) : -mint(y)); }; fill(all(P), mint(0)); fill(all(Q), mint(0)); FOR(j, 2 * k) FOR(i, n / 2) { int k = n * j + i; P[k] = get(P0[k], P1[k], P2[k]); Q[k] = get(Q0[k], Q1[k], Q2[k]); } Q[0] = 0; n /= 2, k *= 2; } vc F(k); FOR(i, k) F[i] = P[2 * i]; reverse(all(F)); F.resize(m + 1); return F; } template vc power_projection(vc wt, vc f, int m) { assert(len(f) == len(wt)); if (f.empty()) { return vc(m + 1, mint(0)); } if (f[0] != mint(0)) { mint c = f[0]; f[0] = 0; vc A = power_projection(wt, f, m); FOR(p, m + 1) A[p] *= fact_inv(p); vc B(m + 1); mint pow = 1; FOR(q, m + 1) B[q] = pow * fact_inv(q), pow *= c; A = convolution(A, B); A.resize(m + 1); FOR(i, m + 1) A[i] *= fact(i); return A; } if (mint::can_ntt()) { return power_projection_0_ntt(wt, f, m); } return power_projection_0_garner(wt, f, m); } template vc compositional_inverse(vc f) { const int n = len(f) - 1; if (n == -1) return {}; assert(f[0] == mint(0)); if (n == 0) return f; assert(f[1] != mint(0)); mint c = f[1]; mint ic = c.inverse(); for (auto& x : f) x *= ic; vc wt(n + 1); wt[n] = 1; vc A = power_projection(wt, f, n); vc g(n); FOR(i, 1, n + 1) g[n - i] = mint(n) * A[i] * inv(i); g = fps_pow_1(g, -inv(n)); g.insert(g.begin(), 0); mint pow = 1; FOR(i, len(g)) g[i] *= pow, pow *= ic; return g; } template vc compositional_inverse(const vc& F, F1 comp_F, F2 comp_DF) { const int N = len(F); assert(N <= 0 || F[0] == mint(0)); assert(N <= 1 || F[1] != mint(0)); vc G(2); G[1] = mint(1) / F[1]; while (len(G) < N) { int n = len(G); vc G2 = comp_DF(G); G.resize(2 * n); vc G1 = comp_F(G); G1 = {G1.begin() + n, G1.end()}; G1 = fps_div(G1, G2); FOR(i, n) G[n + i] -= G1[i]; } G.resize(N); return G; } // 0=[x^0]F, a=[x^1]F // [2,N) で a^i != a // このとき G, H は互いに合成逆で // G(F(x))=aG(x), F(H(x))=H(ax) // https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/3621 template struct Schroder { int N; vc F, G, H; mint a; vc pw; Schroder(vc &F) : F(F) { N = len(F); a = (N <= 1 ? 1 : F[1]); pw.resize(N + 1, 1); FOR(i, N) pw[i + 1] = pw[i] * a; H.resize(2); H[1] = 1; while (len(H) < N) { int m = len(H); int M = min(2 * m - 1, N); H.resize(M); vc f(M); FOR(i, M) f[i] = F[i]; vc E = composition(f, H); E = {E.begin() + m, E.begin() + M}; vc den(M - m); FOR(i, M - m) den[i] = H[i + 1] * pw[i] * (i + 1); E = fps_div(E, den); FOR(i, M - m) E[i] /= pw[m + i] - a; vc DH(M - m); FOR(i, M - m) { DH[i] = H[i + 1] * (i + 1); } E = convolution(E, DH); E.resize(M - m); FOR(i, M - m) H[m + i] = E[i]; } SHOW(H); H.resize(N); G = compositional_inverse(H); } }; using mint = modint998; void solve() { LL(N); VEC(mint, F, N); Schroder SCH(F); print(SCH.G); print(SCH.H); } signed main() { solve(); }